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PubMed1975

Two cases of children of homosexuals.

The literautre is reviewed with reference to parental attitudes related to homosexuality, sex role typing, and object choice. Two cases of children of opposite-sexed homosexual parents are presented with projective testing indicating difficulties with gender role identity. It is our impression that the manifestation of sexual conflict in these homosexual parents expressed in attitudes and behavior toward the child is not unique and does not differ significantly from that of the heterosexual parent who has sexual conflicts. More long-term data are necessary to help us to understand the influences of parental homosexuality on the growing child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The adult life course and homosexual identity in midlife gay men.

The meaning of homosexual identity as shaped by the adult life course is poorly described in the lives of gay men. In particular, the transition from young adulthood to middle age raises questions of how homosexual identity is redefined as gay men alter their participation in gay sexual culture, experience change in sexual desire and activity, and revise broader psychosocial identity as influenced by psychological and socialization processes related to aging. In addition, the HIV epidemic and historical change in social tolerance of homosexuality have shaped the experience of sexual identity among the generation of currently middle-aged gay men in the United States. A perspective that integrates sociocultural, historical, and psychosocial factors is thus needed to understand thesubjective meaning of homosexual identity as it is experienced in midlife. In this paper I have described exploratory research on the meaning of homosexual identity in the life trajectories of middle-aged men. Such meanings reflect available social and cultural pathways for change in midlife homosexual identity, as well as individual psychological attributes and idiosyncrasies of life history. These findings have heuristic value in further refinement of models of homosexual identity maintenance and support a more inclusive view of the life course that considers the effects of sexual orientation on adult identity.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Self, self-concept, identity, and homosexual identity: constructs in need of definition and differentiation.

This paper uses symbolic interactionist theory to develop a theoretical framework that relates, defines, and differentiates the terms self, self-concept, identity, and homosexual identity. It argues that it is useful to view self and identity as constructs consisting of analytically separate dimensions and components, and defines and specifies the dimensions and components contained within the constructs of self and identity. It then critically examines the way Cass (1983/1984) defines the terms self, self-concept, identity, and homosexual identity, and her idea of a "fully developed homosexual identity." It concludes by noting the implications an interactionist framework has for understanding the homosexual identity.

Ego↗
PubMed2004

Legal implications surrounding adolescent health care decision-making in matters of sex, reproduction, and gender.

This article focuses on the thorny and evolving legal issues and implications of health care decision-making for children and adolescents in matters of gender, sexual identity, sexual conduct, and reproduction. In treating minors, health care professionals increasingly experience competing duties and responsibilities to their patient, the parents or guardians, and to the state. This article gives health care professionals a foundation for understanding the legal concepts of adolescent health care decision-making and provides an approach for balancing the potential competing interests of these stakeholders while complying with professional standards,the law, and their own ethical and moral convictions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Gender, racial, ethnic, sexual, and class identities.

Identity is the individual's psychological relationship to particular social category systems. This chapter summarizes how people create and negotiate their gender, racial, ethnic, sexual, and class identities. Theories, methods, and priorities in each of these content areas differ. However, each systematically excludes particular research participants and thus ignores the complexity of people's multiple social identities. Research suggests that gender, racial, ethnic, sexual, and class identities are fluid, multidimensional, personalized social constructions that reflect the individual's current context and sociohistorical cohort. However, far too little empirical work captures the richly textured, theoretical conceptions of identity development, maintenance, and change. Innovative methods for assessing the content and structure of people's identities now exist. Future research should include groups other than young children or college students; should explore functions of identity other than just self-esteem, adjustment, or well-being; and should implement methodologies that are longitudinal and that assess people's many social identities.

Ethnicity↗
PubMed1992

Long-term psychosexual adjustment of acute leukemia survivors: impact of marrow transplantation versus conventional chemotherapy.

Psychosexual sequelae associated with surviving acute leukemia treated with conventional chemotherapy or with chemotherapy followed by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were investigated in 70 patients who were off treatment for at least 1 year. Assessment of psychosexual function included frequency of sexual activity, satisfaction, body image, gender role identity, and adjustment in sexual relations. No differences between BMT and conventional chemotherapy survivors were found on any of these measures, despite the high probability of gonadal impairment with BMT. Compared with physically healthy norms, women survivors generally reported decreased sexual frequency and satisfaction, whereas both men and women survivors reported poorer body image. Longer time since completing cancer treatment predicted greater frequency of sexual activity in women but poorer body image for both men and women. Those survivors who reported decreased sexual frequency, satisfaction, and poorer body image reported greater psychological distress and decreased energy. Results indicate that psychosexual sequelae in survivors of leukemia occur frequently and warrant intensive investigation, particularly to address the need for an intervention in those most distressed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Cross-gender behavior and gender conflict in sexually abused girls.

OBJECTIVE: This study contrasted a group of sexually abused girls, aged 6 to 12 years, with two demographically comparable control groups, girls from a child psychiatry outpatient clinic, and girls from a general pediatric clinic, to determine whether differences in gender role behavior and identity could be demonstrated. METHOD: All girls underwent an evaluation protocol that included a semistructured interview for children, the Gender Role Assessment Schedule--Child (GRAS-C). The mothers were administered several questionnaires including two parent-report measures of gender-related behavior in their children, the Child Game Participation Questionnaire (CGPQ) and the Child Behavior and Attitude Questionnaire--Female version (CBAQ-F). RESULTS: Sexually abused girls manifested significantly more cross-gender behavior on the GRAS-C (in the areas of gender role preference and aggression) and gender identity conflict than did nonabused girls in both comparison groups. For the sexually abused and psychiatric control groups, their parents reported greater involvement in traditionally masculine games on the CGPQ, but on the CBAQ-F, no significant group differences were found. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that sexual abuse in preadolescent girls is associated with cross-gender behavior and gender conflict.

Adaptation, Psychological↗