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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Endoscopic laser therapy for gastrointestinal disease.

As recently as 1981, less than 12 medical centers in the United States were using lasers for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Now they are being used in more than 200 American medical centers and the number is increasing. There are several causes for this increase: (1) the applications for the treatment of GI disease have expanded; (2) they are relatively easy to use; (3) they can be cost-effective if the same laser can be used by more than one subspecialty; and (4) lasers may provide therapeutic options where limited ones previously existed. In the past six months, the Food and Drug Administration ruled that lasers were no longer classified as investigational devices for certain GI applications (eg, upper GI bleeding or obstructing esophageal neoplasms). Most importantly, in most instances, they have been safe and effective. With the technology related to lasers and endoscopes advancing to rapidly, an even greater use of lasers for the field of GI disease, in specific, and medicine, in general, can be anticipated.

Biliary Tract Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Disseminated endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract and their possible influence on gastrointestinal disease.

The role of the disseminated endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract is reviewed. Some of these cells are scarce or absent in pernicious anemia, ulcerative colitis and Sheehan's syndrome, but are increased in number in peptic ulceration, chronic gastritis and celiac disease. A subgroup of the diffuse endocrine cells with both endocrine and exocrine functions, the so-called amphicrine cells, suggests that these cells originate from the entoderm. A study of the diffuse endocrine cells in the chronic intestinal diseases of the developing countries is suggested.

Appendiceal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Bismuth therapy in gastrointestinal diseases.

Bismuth therapy has shown efficacy against two major gastrointestinal disorders: peptic ulcer disease and diarrhea. In peptic ulcer disease it is as effective as the H2-receptor antagonists, costs considerably less, and offers a lower rate of relapse. When Helicobacter pylori is implicated, bismuth acts as an antimicrobial agent, suppressing the organism but not eliminating it. In recent studies, bismuth compounds have been used with conventional antibiotics, producing elimination of the organism, histological improvement, and amelioration of symptoms for periods longer than one year. Bismuth subsalicylate has shown modest efficacy in treating traveler's diarrhea and acute and chronic diarrhea in children, and it is effective prophylactically for traveler's diarrhea. An epidemic of neurological toxicity was reported in France in the 1970's with prolonged bismuth treatment, usually bismuth subgallate and subnitrate. Such toxicity has been rare with bismuth subsalicylate and colloidal bismuth subcitrate. However, recent studies have demonstrated intestinal absorption of bismuth (about 0.2% of the ingested dose) and sequestration of this heavy metal in multiple tissue sites, even occurring with conventional dosing over a 6-week period. These findings have inspired recommendations that treatment periods with any bismuth-containing compound should last no longer than 6-8 weeks, followed by 8-week bismuth-free intervals.

Bismuth↗
PubMed1993

Retrospective analysis of the results of 151 exploratory laparotomies in horses with gastrointestinal disease.

Of 149 horses that underwent 151 exploratory laparotomies for gastrointestinal disorders from September 1987 to May 1991, 107 (72%) were discharged from the hospital: 100 (66%) survived for > 7 months, 94 of which returned to their intended use. Survival rate (64/80) for horses with caecum/large colon obstruction was significantly (P = 0.003) higher than for horses with small intestinal obstruction (33/64). Prolonged surgery was associated with significantly (P < 0.001) lower survival rates than short surgical time. In the large intestine, survival rate (15/29) for strangulated obstructions was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than for simple obstructions (52/58). Generalised septic peritonitis (9 horses) and bowel obstruction associated with adhesions (8 horses) were the most frequent fatal post-operative complications. The rate (6/44) of post-operative adhesions after small intestinal obstruction was significantly (P = 0.006) higher than that (2/68) following large intestinal obstruction. The rate (8/55) of post-operative adhesion formation in horses that required enterotomy/enterectomy was significantly (P = 0.003) higher than that (0/57) in horses that did not require gut wall incisions. Incisional suppuration developed in 42 horses and occurred with a significantly (P = 0.028) higher rate (32/72) after caecum/large colon lesions than after obstruction at other sites, (10/42) but was not associated with known contamination at the time of surgery (P = 0.806).

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Gastrointestinal disease in patients receiving salvage chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation.

Thirty-three patients receiving either salvage chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation with potential surgical illness related to gastrointestinal symptoms were identified. Sixty-nine percent of patients received salvage chemotherapy for either hematological (61%) or visceral malignancies (39%). Twenty-one percent of patients had a previous bone marrow transplant. Twenty-two (66%) had an absolute neutrophil count less than 10(3)/mm3. Ulcerative foregut disease (51%) and perianal disease (21%) were the most common disease entities identified. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (79%) and anorectal examination under anesthesia (21%) provided the greatest diagnostic yield. The mean hospitalization was 21 days. Surgery was performed in 21% of patients, but was seldom required for abdominal pain or intestinal bleeding. Perianal disease was often chronic and required multiple operative procedures. Overall, a 27% mortality was found. Gastrointestinal disease in patients receiving salvage chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation is usually manifested by bleeding and localized to the proximal gut, or related to perianal disease.

Antineoplastic Agents↗