The new national health spending policy.
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Trastuzumab has shown activity in patients with early breast cancer that overexpresses HER-2, and this drug has been employed in the adjuvant setting. Significant resources have been allocated to finance this new therapy. To support decision makers in their allocation of resources, cost-effectiveness models are constructed to compare the costs and outcomes of anticancer therapy. This survey focuses on studies exploring adjuvant trastuzumab therapy in early-stage breast cancer that have been published since 2003, which report on efficacy, benefit and/or cost data in this setting. The paper summarises the results, focuses on the level of evidence of these studies, compares the calculated cost-effectiveness ratios and makes recommendations for future cost-effectiveness analyses.
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Gathering information about the cost of energy and patterns of usage within the hospital is the first step in mounting a program for conserving resources. A survey of the plant or a full-scale audit by an energy team can help administrators plan an energy-saving program.
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OBJECTIVES: The increasing number of cancer survivors brings greater attention to the biopsychosocial impact of surviving cancer. Instruments exist that measure quality of life (QOL), symptoms, and specific types of functioning after cancer; however, a reliable and valid assessment of the perceived impact of cancer (IOC) on the life plans and activities of cancer survivors has been missing. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the 16-item Brief Cancer Impact Assessment (BCIA). METHODS: Factor analysis with Promax oblique rotation established the factor structure of the BCIA in 783 ethnically diverse breast cancer survivors, >or=2 years after diagnosis. Construct validity was assessed by comparing factor-based scale means by demographic and treatment characteristics, and correlating scales with psychosocial and health-related QOL scales. RESULTS: Factor analysis revealed four factors measuring the IOC on caregiving and finances, exercise and diet behaviors, social and emotional functioning, and religiosity. Scale scores differed by demographic and treatment characteristics according to expectations, and the pattern of correlations with psychosocial and health-related QOL generally supported the construct validity of the scales. CONCLUSION: Including the BCIA with measures of QOL, symptoms, and functioning will allow researchers to gain a more comprehensive assessment of the biopsychosocial IOC in survivors.
Not a day goes by that I don't miss my old life and the old me. To illustrate how my life has changed, I have two brief stories. In 1982, I developed a lending procedure in conjunction with Banker's Life Insurance Company that enabled commercial real estate developers to secure permanent financing for property that had not yet been developed--in essence using a permanent loan in place of a construction loan. It fixed the interest rate, at a time when new construction rates were bankrupting many projects and it allowed the developer to invest the excess funds to offset interest expenses. I received national recognition for this loan. In 1989, the police found me wandering around in 15 inches of snow, in below zero weather with no shoes or coat. The officer took me to the hospital because I was obviously disoriented. I didn't even know my name or where I lived. These stories show the disparity between my life as a successful, independent business woman and my life as someone who is chemically disabled.
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The case statement is the primary document upon which an organization bases its appeal for financial and philosophical support. This author points out how a well-constructed case statement can impact on fund raising success.