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PubMed2004

Irradiation of mangoes as a postharvest quarantine treatment for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae).

Mangoes infested with third instar larvae were irradiated using Co-60 gamma rays and a dose interval of 2-250 Gy to assess the irradiation dose required to prevent adult emergence of the Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens), the West Indies fruit fly (A. obliqua), the sapote fruit fly (A. serpentina), and the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata). Doses of 76.9, 87.3, 91.4 and 112.7 Gy, were estimated to inhibit 99.9968% (probit 9) of adult emergence forA. obliqua, A. serpentina, A. ludens, and C. capitata, respectively. Using mangoes infested with a total of 100,000 larvae of each species, the results obtained in the laboratory were confirmed using a dose of 100 Gy for the Anastrepha species and 150 Gy for C. capitata. No adult emergence was observed for any of the four species compared with approximately 80% emergence in the controls. A dose of 150 Gy is recommended as a generic quarantine treatment against potential infestation of these species in exported mangoes. A minor decrease in the ascorbic acid content was the only adverse effects observed in irradiated mangoes.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Genetic effects of feeding irradiated wheat to mice.

The effects of feeding irradiated wheat in mice on bone marrow and testis chromosomes, germ cell numbers and dominant lethal mutations were investigated. Feeding of freshly irradiated wheat resulted in significantly increased incidence of polyploid cells in bone marrow, aneuploid cells in testis, reduction in number of spermatogonia of types A, B and resting primary spermatocytes as well as a higher mutagenic index. Such a response was not observed when mice were fed stored irradiated wheat. Also there was no difference between the mice fed un-irradiated wheat and stored irradiated wheat.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Gamma groceries.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Food Contamination↗
PubMed1996

Irradiation as a cold pasteurization process of food.

A number of emerging pathogenic microorganisms and parasites in food, the wide publicity of outbreaks of foodborne diseases and the increasing number of immuno-compromised population have resulted in a need to develop proper strategies and technologies to protect health of consumers. Regulations in most countries which are promulgated to ensure safety of foods, are not properly enforced to protect consumers' health especially with regard to food of animal origin. While regulations are in place and properly enforced for liquid foods such as milk or fruit juices, more solid foods especially those of animal origin, e.g. poultry, meat and seafood, which are often contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms and parasites, are not similarly regulated. The number of incidences of foodborne diseases can the subsequent economic impact to the society can be enormous. Recently, an increasing number of national and international organizations have recognised the use of irradiation as a method to ensure hygienic quality of more solid food of animal origin in the same manner as thermal pasteurization does for liquid foods. The effectiveness of irradiation as a cold pasteurization method to control foodborne disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms and parasites, especially in food to be consumed raw or partially processed, is established. Its role in overcoming trade barriers of food of animal origin based on the principle of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, adopted during the GATT Uruguay Round will be discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Gamma-irradiation and storage effects on some chemical aspects of carrots.

Studies on chemical changes induced by gamma-irradiation at optimum dose of 75 krad in carrots were undertaken. Sugars, nitrogen, free amino acids, amino acids of alcohol insoluble solids, and pectin fractions were determined. The results indicate that the postharvest irradiation of carrots does not dramatically affect their chemical composition during storage. However, it was observed that storage time affected significantly the biochemical changes occurring in the constituents of carrots exposed to gamma-irradiation.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

Chromosome studies on bone marrow cells of Chinese hamsters fed a radiosterilized diet.

Metaphase preparations of chromosomes from bone marrow cells of Chinese hamsters were examined for mutagenic effects following the feeding of a radiosterilized diet. No increase in the incidence of structural chromosomal aberrations was observed. As far as numerical aberrrations were concerned, the proportion of cells with polyploidy increased to between 4 to 5 times the control level, irrespective of the moisture content of the diet. This polyploidy effect occurred very early, being detectable within 24 h, if the diet fed had been irradiated with an absorbed dose of 4.5 - 10(6) rad. The incidence of polyploidy remained below 0.5%, however, nor did it rise with higher radiation doses. When the feeding of the irradiated diet was stopped, the proportion of polyploid cells returned to the control level within a maximum of 6 weeks. If the diet was stored (initially) for 6 weeks following irradiation before being fed to the animals no increase in the number of polyploid cells was noted. These results are not interpreted as a mutagenic effect of the irradiated diet.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Detection of irradiated spices by different physical techniques.

We used thermoluminescence, electron spin resonance, and viscosimetric measurements to establish whether or not a spice had been irradiated. Thermoluminescence, using the 1788 EN official protocol with an alternative method for the extraction of mineral impurities, led to proof of irradiation or proof of no treatment. Electron spin resonance led to different spectrum shapes depending on the chemical composition of the spices; ESR could only be used as proof of irradiation up to several weeks after irradiation, and only for some spices. Viscosimetric measurements carried out on spice suspensions led to a presumption of treatment (or of no treatment) and possibly to proof of irradiation.

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thermoluminescence detection of irradiated fruits and vegetables: international interlaboratory trial.

An international interlaboratory trial was conducted to validate thermoluminescence methods for detecting irradiated fruits and vegetables. Five products were used in this study. This paper presents the results from prestudy material, homogeneity testing, details of sample preparation, and participants' results. Prestudy results provided a basis for cross comparison of instruments in different laboratories. A wide range of sensitivities, reproducibilities, and signal-to-background ratios were observed. Homogeneity testing showed that the method can distinguish between nonirradiated and irradiated products, including those bleached with 100 J/cm2 artificial daylight, provided that sensitivity rejection criteria are rigorously applied. Blind results were returned by 9 participants in the form of first and second glow integrals and glow ratios for all samples and a qualitative classification for each product. Of the 387 results reported, 327 valid results were obtained from participants. Where valid data were obtained, correct qualitative identifications were made by participants in all cases. Participants' results and homogeneity testing both confirm the validity of the thermoluminescence method for detecting irradiated fruits and vegetables.

Food Irradiation↗