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Results for “Epilepsy, Complex Partial”

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PubMed1995

Vigabatrin and multifocal myoclonus in adults with partial seizures.

We report the appearance of multifocal myoclonus in two adult patients treated with vigabatrin as an add-on drug for complex partial seizures. The myoclonus subsided after dose reduction or discontinuation of the drug. There were no electroencephalogram correlates during the myoclonic jerks. This phenomenon may represent a apparently dose-related rare adverse drug event, similar to that seen occasionally with other anticonvulsants.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Bradycardia and asystole induced by partial seizures: a case report and literature review.

Bradyarrhythmias associated with partial seizures are uncommon, with most reported patients having temporal lobe seizure foci on scalp EEG recordings. We report a patient with bradycardia and sinus arrest during a complex partial seizure documented during bilateral subdural EEG and EEG and simultaneous video and EEG recordings. The seizure began in the left temporal lobe and spread to the right temporal region, with bradycardia occurring 55 seconds after ictal onset and asystole after 60 seconds.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Acute anterior bi-opercular syndrome of critical origin in epilepsy with rolandic spikes].

We report the fifth case of a palsy of the lips, the tongue and the pharynx corresponding to an acute pseudo-bulbar syndrome causing speech arrest, and hyper-sialorrhea. The clinical examination and the electroencephalograms showed a partial motor status with spikes discharges in the two central regions, in a 10-year old boy known to have epilepsy with rolandic spikes. The status epilepticus ceased with phenytoin therapy. Although epilepsy with rolandic spikes is a benign one without any cerebral lesion, a partial motor status epilepticus is possible and does not change prognosis.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Complex partial status epilepticus provoked by ingestion of alcohol: a case report.

A 27-year-old man had a 5-year history of a peculiar state characterized by clouded consciousness provoked by ingestion of alcohol. The episode was identified electroclinically as nonconvulsive status epilepticus and was activated by ingestion of alcohol. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) examination during the nonconvulsive status epilepticus showed increased regional cerebral perfusion in the right frontal region. This finding, along with the EEG expressions, supports a cortical origin of the nonconvulsive status epilepticus and a diagnosis of complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a documented case of CPSE during intoxication provoked by alcohol ingestion and also of a SPECT examination during CPSE.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Epilepsia partialis continua in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

OBJECTIVES: We describe a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) with epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) and complex partial seizures. MATERIAL, METHODS AND RESULTS: The patient presented with semi-rhythmic jerking movements of the right upper extremity. Serial EEG findings showed progressive changes with initial periodic lateralizing epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) on the left hemisphere which evolved into more generalized periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWCs) at later stage. Video-EEG monitoring recorded complex partial seizures originating from the left hemisphere in addition to EPC. CONCLUSIONS: A diagnosis of CJD should be considered when a rapidly progressive dementia is accompanied by abnormal movements. EPC, although rare, may present as an initial manifestation of CJD.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Six-month evaluation of Carbatrol (extended-release carbamazepine) in complex partial seizures.

We evaluated the use of a new, controlled-release capsule form of carbamazepine, Carbatrol capsules, in an open-label, multicenter study of 124 patients with complex partial seizures. Ninety-one percent of the patients successfully completed the 6-month trial with good seizure control, with a significant improvement in quality of life. We conclude that switching patients with complex partial seizures from multiple daily-dose carbamazepine to twice-daily Carbatrol on a milligram-to-milligram basis is relatively safe.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) as the sole electrographic correlate of a complex partial seizure.

We describe a patient in whom the only electrographic manifestation of a complex partial seizure recorded by video-EEG telemetry was periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) with a left anterior temporal emphasis. The abnormality, which persisted throughout the whole recorded seizure, lends support to the claim that PLEDs can be an ictal phenomenon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Distinguishing features of pseudocomplex partial seizures.

The authors identify common features in the clinical presentations of three patients whose pseudoseizures mimicked complex partial seizures. All three had suffered the recent traumatic loss of a significant love object, and all manifested unconscious feelings of guilt and the use of defense mechanisms of denial, dissociation, introjection, identification, and symbolization. The authors explore the diagnostic, treatment, and etiological implications of these findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Brain parenchyma apparent diffusion coefficient alterations associated with experimental complex partial status epilepticus.

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether water apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements provide more specific information than T2-weighted MRI about the evolution of brain parenchyma lesions secondary to prolonged complex partial seizures. We measured the ADC in the brain of rats exhibiting prolonged complex partial seizures induced by intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid (KA). The animals were imaged with diffusion and T2-weighted MRI at 2 T from 3 h up to 9 days after KA injection. In the piriform cortex and amygdala, the T2-weighted MRI signal intensity appeared to be uniformly increased from 24 to 72 h after KA injection, and returned to normal by 9 days. In the same regions between 24 and 72 h, the ADC first decreased and then increased. The ADC changes were consistent with the known histopathologic alterations. In this complex partial seizure model, the ADC measurement provides more specific information than T2-weighted MRI about the histopathologic evolution of the lesions. This supports the proposal that diffusion MRI may be valuable for the evaluation of the neuropathologic sequelae in patients with multiple or prolonged seizures.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A case of systemic lupus erythematosus with complex partial status epilepticus.

We describe a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus who had complex partial status epilepticus as the sole epileptic manifestation. The patient presented with a confusional state, initially considered to be psychotic in nature, due to SLE. However, the EEG demonstrated the epileptic etiology of her symptoms. In patients with lupus presenting with prolonged episodes of confusion and behavioural disturbance, an EEG should be performed, whenever possible during the episode, even in the absence of a previous history of epilepsy.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2001

To quantify experience? Methodological issues in the behavioural/psychological treatment of complex partial seizures.

This paper will attempt to identify some of the major methodological hurdles that are present when treating or researching seizure conditions using neurobehavioural approaches. An overview of the unique methodological problems that arise with behavioural/psychological treatments will be discussed. The author will focus on personal experiences with complex and simple partial seizures, looking into some methodological questions that arose after his seizure activity was reduced using a behavioural technique. Several main issues will be examined as they may apply to seizure and personality type, and how they can influence treatment and results. Finally, possible directions toward improving methodology will be suggested.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1997

Complex partial seizure provocation by vasovagal syncope: video-EEG and intracranial electrode documentation.

Vasovagal syncope precipitating an epileptic seizure has only rarely been described. A patient with known intractable complex partial seizures being evaluated for a left anterior temporal lobectomy experienced a typical seizure with mesial temporal onset precipitated by an observed vasovagal episode. This is the first report of a partial epileptic seizure precipitated by vasovagal syncope and the first example of an epileptic seizure induced by syncope in an adult. Video and intracranial depth electrode and subdural grid recordings documented the event.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Non-convulsive status epilepticus: causes, treatment, and outcome in 65 patients.

The incidence of non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in The Netherlands is not known. Files of admissions in the years 1980-7 were studied from 40 adult patients (older than 15 years) with complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE) and 25 with absence status epilepticus (ASE). The clinical presentation sometimes made distinction between CPSE and ASE possible. Focal clinical signs were more frequent in CPSE; a fluctuating level of consciousness was more often present in ASE. All patients, but one, with ASE and most patients with CPSE (28) were known to have had previous epilepsy. Outcome in ASE was good in all. Outcome in CPSE depended on the underlying cause and quality of treatment. In three patients inadequate treatment probably contributed to morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Unusual eye movements in a patient with complex partial seizure disorder.

BACKGROUND: A complex partial seizure can cause a variety of visual system signs and symptoms, including visual hallucinations, dilated pupils, and changes in vision. Little information is known about the influence of this disorder on the visual system during nonseizure moments. This case report examines the unusual eye movements-during these nonseizure times-of a patient diagnosed with complex partial seizure disorder. CASE REPORT: An 8-year-old boy was referred to the clinic by his pediatric neurologist for a comprehensive examination to rule out a visual cause for the abnormal eye movements observed by the patient's mother. Ocular examination revealed periodic, spontaneous, versional eye movements to the left and right, accompanied by a small widening of the fissures and turning of the head. No vergence or accommodative problems were detected, but Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) and Visagraph testing showed mild dysfunction. Ocular health was unremarkable, while radiology studies and neurological evaluation yielded no observable pathology. CONCLUSION: Complex partial seizure disorder can affect the visual system in a wide variety of ways. The precise role, if any, that complex partial seizure disorder plays in ocular motility control during nonseizure moments is unknown. The most-plausible etiology of the observed ocular movements in this patient is the presence of a tic disorder. Patients with unknown eye movement disorders deserve a thorough evaluation, including a search for systemic causes.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with complex partial seizures.

We prospectively studied eight patients with complex partial seizures, using single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Control data from 12 healthy volunteers were obtained with the same MRS protocol. The ratios between the peak areas of N-acetylaspartate, creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr), and choline-containing compounds (Cho) were analyzed. The results showed statistically significant lower N-acetylaspartate:Cr, N-acetylaspartate:Cho, and N-acetylaspartate: Cho + Cr ratios, and a higher Cho:Cr ratio in the mesial temporal lobes of the patient group than in healthy controls. Because N-acetylaspartate is located in the neurons and Cho and Cr in the glial cells, these observations represent the underlying neuronal loss and reactive astrocytosis in the epileptogenic foci. MRS can detect abnormal metabolic changes in most complex partial seizure patients with normal electroencephalography and magnetic resonance images. MRS can also identify bitemporal abnormalities which are a common feature in patients with complex partial seizures. Proton MRS could not confirm the specific location of seizure foci. Further investigation with quantitative spectral analysis and correlation with surgical outcome is needed to improve the contribution of MRS to the diagnosis and localization of seizure foci.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intractable complex partial seizures associated with posterior cerebral artery giant aneurysm: a case report.

Giant aneurysms have rarely been reported in association with intractable complex partial seizures (CPS). We report a 30-year-old man with intractable CPS since age 18 years. Seizure onset was electrically localized to right temporal lobe. Preoperative neuroimaging studies showed a partially thrombosed giant aneurysm of the right posterior cerebral artery. Selective amygdalohippocampectomy and occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery did not cause deficits. The patient has been seizure-free for 15 months after operation. We review the relevant literature on aneurysms as a cause of epilepsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Platelet and brain GABA-transaminase and monoamine oxidase activities in patients with complex partial seizures.

UNLABELLED: The activities of gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA-T) and monoamine oxidase (MAO-A and -B) were measured in blood platelets from 27 patients and hippocampal tissues from eight (GABA-T) and ten (MAO) patients with complex partial seizures. The activity of platelet GABA-T was found to be higher in the epileptic patients (43.37 +/- 13.53 pmol/min/mg protein, P < 0.005) in comparison with that found in 14 healthy volunteer subjects (29.59 +/- 13.14 pmol/min/mg protein). This difference was most pronounced in patients treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) (P < 0.01) and phenytoin (PHT) (P < 0.01). Contrary to the platelets, the activity of GABA-T in the hippocampi from the epileptic patients (6.937 +/- 2.204 nmol/min/mg protein) did not differ significantly from that found in seven non-epileptic control cases (7.158 +/- 0.951 nmol/min/mg protein). The increase in GABA-T activity in the blood platelets from the epileptic patients could not be explained by a direct effect of the antiepileptic compounds, since there were no changes in the activities on exposure to PHT, CBZ or VPA in vitro, either of blood platelets or of brain tissue. With regard to platelet MAO, no difference in the activity was found between the two groups, whereas the MAO-B activity in the hippocampi was significantly higher in the epileptic patients (3.51 +/- 1.32 nmol/mg/mg protein) than in the control cases (1.21 +/- 0.73 nmol/mg/mg protein) (P < 0.0004). There was no difference in MAO-A activity in the hippocampi between epileptic patients and controls. CONCLUSION: In the hippocampi from patients with complex partial seizures the activities of the mitochondrial enzymes GABA-T and MAO-A were similar to those found in control subjects. The activity of MAO-B, however, was significantly higher indicating that there is an increased proportion of reactive astrocytes in epileptic hippocampus.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗