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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Diagnostic challenges in osteoporosis. Indications for bone densitometry and establishing secondary causes.

OBJECTIVE: To review indications for assessing bone mineral density (BMD) and to review patient characteristics and diseases associated with osteoporosis. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: This paper is based on data from longitudinal observational studies of how BMD and other risk factors affect development of fragility fractures and on several peer-reviewed publications describing pathophysiology of bone turnover and pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Indications for obtaining BMD and monitoring treatment are based on the recommendations of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada derived from the consensus opinion of a panel of experts in osteoporosis and based on their review of the primary literature. MAIN MESSAGE: Measurement of BMD provides the best single objective predictor of the relative risk of fracture at sites such as the vertebrae, hip, and wrist, predicting the likelihood of fracture with as much accuracy as measurement of elevated blood pressure predicts stroke. In addition to making the diagnosis of osteoporosis, BMD measurements are used to monitor progression of osteoporosis and effects of therapy. At this date, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry is preferred for measuring BMD. The most likely causes of osteoporosis in any patient are age, hormone withdrawal (in both men and women), and drugs (particularly corticosteroids). Secondary causes, particularly hyperparathyroidism and multiple myeloma, should be excluded by performing appropriate laboratory tests. CONCLUSION: A BMD measurement should be obtained for patients at high risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures to guide initiation and monitor success of therapy.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2001

[The value of skin densitometry in diagnosis of decreased bone mass in the spine of women during the period around and post-menopause].

OBJECTIVE: In peri- and postmenopausal women, the association of skin thickness with bone mass is well described, and a low skin thickness is a useful predictor of osteoporosis. In this study the association between skin thickness and bone mass of lumbar spine in peri- and postmenopausal women was assessed; and the potential for skin thickness as a screening test for osteoporosis evaluated. DESIGN/METHODS: Skin thickness was measured at the arm by ultrasonography (probe 22 MHz). Bone mass was measured at lumbar spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. One hundred and three peri- and postmenopausal women were studied. RESULT: Successive decrease of skin thickness going along with the loss of lumbar spine bone mass was found. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in skin thickness between group of females with normal bone mass and group with osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound skin measurement is a very simple method which can be used in the diagnostics of osteoporosis of the lumbar spine in peri- and postmenopausal women.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1995

Current methods and advances in bone densitometry.

Bone mass is the primary, although not the only, determinant of fracture. Over the past few years a number of noninvasive techniques have been developed to more sensitively quantitate bone mass. These include single and dual photon absorptiometry (SPA and DPA), single and dual X-ray absorptiometry (SXA and DXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT). While differing in anatomic sites measured and in their estimates of precision, accuracy, and fracture discrimination, all of these methods provide clinically useful measurements of skeletal status. It is the intent of this review to discuss the pros and cons of these techniques and to present the new applications of ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance (MRI) in the detection and management of osteoporosis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[UV-densitometry determination of pentazocine hydrochloride in tablets after low temperature extraction].

TLC-UV densitometric method has been used for quantitative analysis of pentazocine hydrochloride in the pure form, as well as in tablets after thermomicro extraction and direct application on the thin layer plate. This procedure was based on the conversion of the investigated substance into the gaseous state, quantitative application on the silica gel GF254 plate and the elution was made with 100:0.15 (v/v) methanol-conc. ammonium hydroxide. Gas chromatography-mass spectometric identification was performed by NIST 90 mass spectra library. Densitometric determination of pentazocine hydrochloride was performed by HPTLC Scanner on 278 nm and the results were compared to the officinal BP 93 method. The method was precise (RSD % 0.69-3.88), accurate (recovery 96.04-101.65) and reproducible (SD 0.03-0.23). The linearity level (correlation coefficient r = 0.9911) was very satisfactory.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrasound densitometry of the heel bone in the diagnosis of osseous tissue metabolic abnormalities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

The implication was studied of such factors as occurrence of the affliction, sex, inflammation activity, joint functional inadequacies, intake of steroids in the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Determined in the above patients were RRF, SOS, BUA with the aid of the ultrasonic densitometer UBIS 5000 of the DMS (FRANCIUM) firm. Of the 42 examined patients, osteoporosis was identified in 28.5 percent, osteopenia in 45.3 percent of cases, the degree associated with RA duration, inflammation activity, function disorders of the joints favored by intensification of processes of osteal resorption in rheumatoid arthritis.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of a femoral stem with reduced stiffness. A randomized study with use of radiostereometry and bone densitometry.

BACKGROUND: Femoral stems with reduced stiffness were introduced in total hip arthroplasty to facilitate proximal load transfer and thereby reduce periprosthetic bone loss. Poor fixation and unacceptably high revision rates turned out to be a major problem with these prostheses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the early performance of a low-modulus stem (one that is less stiff) with the potential to address the problem of fixation by the use of a surface coating. The coating consisted of a titanium porous mesh proximally covered with a mixture of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate. METHODS: Thirty-nine men and twenty-six women (sixty-eight hips) with noninflammatory arthritis were studied. The patients were randomized to receive either a porous-coated composite stem with reduced stiffness (Epoch) or a stiff stem with a porous coating (Anatomic). Both stems were inserted without cement, had a ceramic coating on the proximal two-thirds, and were supplied with tantalum beads. At the time of the operation, tantalum markers were also placed into the proximal part of the femur. The patients were followed for up to two years after the operation and were evaluated with use of repeated radiostereometric measurements, measurements of bone-mineral density, conventional radiography, and Harris hip scores. RESULTS: Both stems showed optimum fixation with median subsidence and stem rotations that were close to zero. Repeated measurements of bone-mineral density revealed early loss of bone mineral in all Gruen regions in both treatment groups. The loss of bone mineral around the Epoch stems was significantly reduced at two years in Gruen regions 1, 2, 6, and 7 (p < 0.0005 to 0.04). Measurements on postoperative radiographs showed no difference in stem positioning or fill, but the Epoch stems had significantly more endocortical contact on both the anteroposterior (p < 0.0005) and the lateral radiograph (p = 0.02). At two years postoperatively, the Epoch stems had fewer sclerotic lines surrounding the stem (p = 0.002) and less sclerosis at the tip of the prosthesis (p = 0.001) compared with the Anatomic stems. The clinical results in terms of the Harris hip score, which was determined in all hips, and pain or discomfort, which was evaluated in thirty-seven hips treated at the same hospital, were not found to be different, with the numbers available. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to previous studies of other designs with reduced stiffness, the Epoch stem achieved excellent primary fixation. Despite this rigid fixation, the proximal loss of bone-mineral density was less than that associated with the stem with a stiffer design. These results should encourage additional long-term studies with a larger patient population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of cimetidine, famotidine, and ranitidine hydrochloride in the presence of their sulfoxide derivatives in pure and dosage forms by high-performance thin-layer chromatography and scanning densitometry.

A selective, precise, and accurate method was developed for the determination of cimetidine (C), famotidine (F), and ranitidine hydrochloride (R x HCl) in the presence of their sulfoxide derivatives. The method involves quantitative densitometric evaluation of mixtures of the drugs and their derivatives after separation by high-performance thin-layer chromatography on silica gel plates (10 x 20 cm) with ethyl acetate-isopropanol-20% ammonia (9 + 5 + 4, v/v) as the mobile phase for both C and F and ethyl acetate-methanol-20% ammonia (10 + 2 + 2, v/v) as the mobile phase for R x HCl; Rf values for C, F, and R x HCl and their corresponding derivatives were 0.85 and 0.59, 0.73 and 0.41, and 0.56 and 0.33, respectively. Developing time was approximately 20 min. For densitometric evaluation, peak areas were recorded at 218, 265, and 313 nm for C, F, and R x HCl, respectively. The relationship between concentration and the corresponding peak area was plotted for the ranges of 5-50 microg/spot for C and 2-20 microg/spot for F and R x HCl. Mean recoveries were 100.39 +/- 1.33, 99.77 +/- 1.30, and 100.09 +/- 0.69% for C, F, and R x HCl, respectively. The proposed method was used successfully for stability testing of the pure drugs in the presence of up to 90% of their degradates, in bulk powder and dosage forms. The results obtained were analyzed statistically and compared with those obtained by the official methods.

Calibration↗