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Results for “Decision Making, Computer-Assisted”

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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The microcomputer in the dental office: a new diagnostic aid.

The first computer applications in the dental office were based upon standard accountancy procedures. Recently, more and more computer applications have become available to meet the specific requirements of dental practice. This implies not only business procedures, but also facilities to store patient records in the system and retrieve them easily. Another development concerns the automatic calculation of diagnostic data such as those provided in cephalometric analysis. Furthermore, growth and surgical results in the craniofacial area can be predicted by computerized extrapolation. Computers have been useful in obtaining the patient's anamnestic data objectively and for the making of decisions based on such data. Computer-aided instruction systems have been developed for undergraduate students to bridge the gap between textbook and patient interaction without the risks inherent in the latter. Radiology will undergo substantial changes as a result of the application of electronic imaging devices instead of the conventional radiographic films. Computer-assisted electronic imaging will enable image processing, image enhancement, pattern recognition and data transmission for consultation and storage purposes. Image processing techniques will increase image quality whilst still allowing low-dose systems. Standardization of software and system configuration and the development of 'user friendly' programs is the major concern for the near future.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1984

Computer-aided diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. The British experience.

This presentation reviews the U.K. experience of computer-aided diagnosis of acute abdominal pain--which now relates to over 30,000 cases seen in more than 10 hospitals during a 13 years period. Following a discussion of the philosophy, construction and mode of usage of the systems employed, results of this experience are presented. Computer-aided diagnosis in this area has been shown to be feasible and (if correctly utilised) leads to improvements in patient care, diagnosis, and decision making by the doctors involved. In this context, the computer is simply one element of an integrated package reaffirming the importance of traditional clinical medicine.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

[Perspectives in the use of computers in anesthesia].

The remarkable development of computer technology and the early experiments into its clinical use give us cause ot define useful spheres of application and task areas in anaesthesia for this valuable machine. Parallel to this followed the development of computer use in anaesthesia. Here, there are essentially four main areas of application: administration of data, monitoring, teaching, process of decision making. Next to a quite uniform definition of the task areas of a computer, the question of the selection of the suitable computer for the respective requirement cannot be answered in the same uniform way. For the application of computer technology in the practice of anesthesiology it is essential to guarantee not only sufficient safety of data but also a protection from misuse and manipulation. On the whole it is probable that computer technology will take over more and more medical technical tasks especially of the anaesthesia apparatus and evaluate them. An automatic registration of records with combined off-line and on-line recording of measured values represents the logical development of this technology.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1980

[Animals, data and diagnosis (author's transl)].

The development of the 'chip' tends to make data-processing apparatus increasingly smaller, reliable and cheaper. The question is in which fields they will be of practical use to the veterinarian. In the present paper, a brief technical introduction is followed by a description of the functional potentialities and limitations of computers. The use for administrative purposes and recording as well as for interaction in processes of decision is discussed and illustrated by examples. The principles which are of importance in Information Retrieval and diagnosis are discussed. Finally, a data-processing system designed for veterinary practitioners is described in broad outline.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Dietitians use computer assistance to contain costs.

To determine if a computer-assisted food management system is cost effective, the manager sould compare the cost of personnel to produce records manually with the cost of computer time and supporting personnel. Current reports, which the computer produces, enable managers to react to spiraling food cost immediately by changing recipes, menus, and making other pertinent decisions. This has proved to be cost effective. Another factor that makes computer application cost effective is the release time which results when cooks, clerks, and other personnel are relieved of repetitive routine tasks. Although it is possible to identify many specific savings, there is significant value in the quality of decision-making potential which cannot be quantified but is unquestionable.

Computers↗
PubMed1995

[Trans-thoracic 3D echocardiography reconstruction for left ventricular volume determination].

2D-echocardiography is a safe and inexpensive method for accurate left ventricular volume quantification. However, accuracy of measurements is limited by the requirement of geometric assumptions and volume computation algorithms. Reproducibility is diminished by erroneous image plane positioning, which is due to the necessity of standardized reference images. The degree of variation can influence clinical decision making. 3D-echocardiography has overcome those problems. Volume quantitation is performed without the need of geometric assumptions, computation algorithms or reference images. The shape of a ventricle is defined by acquired data, not by calculated data. Since the recent development of sophisticated hardware- and software techniques the method can be utilized under clinical circumstances. For data acquisition tomographic planes are acquired either in a random or in a sequential order. For random acquisition the transducer is positioned at various acoustic windows at the thoracic wall and spatial orientation of the corresponding plane is localized by a spark gap device. By this way various, non-parallel cross-sectional images of the left ventricle are acquired. The spatial position of the planes is displayed by lines in a parasternal longitudinal view, each representing a "line of intersection". When tomographic planes are acquired in a sequential manner, mostly rotational scanning is utilized. Here, multiple apical views of the left ventricle are acquired during ECG- and respiration gated rotation of the transducer over a span of 180 degrees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Algorithms↗
PubMed1995

Development of a computer program for teaching periodontal diagnosis based on clinical epidemiological principles.

Multimedia teaching tools in dental education are still rare. This paper describes the development of an inexpensive yet powerful computer program for instruction in the principles of clinical epidemiology. The application was developed in the context of periodontal diagnostic methodologies at the third year D.D.S. level. Principles of probabilistic thinking are invoked as the student is guided from the application of raw research data to the derivation of likelihood ratios and how they affect clinical decision making. A questionnaire was used to evaluate student satisfaction with the program and the responses indicated good acceptance of the concepts presented in the program and an interest in further computer-aided instruction.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1995

Biomedical image processing in pathology: a review.

Pathologists make a diagnostic decision by viewing a specimen and measuring various diagnostically important attributes of an isolated object such as size, shape, darkness, colour and texture. This is a complex process. In recent years, computer-aided image processing and analysis systems have played a significant role in quantitative pathology. This paper summarises basic image processing and analysis techniques and reviews related work in pathology and cytology based on computational image processing since 1987. Firstly, we present a general introduction to image enhancement, segmentation, morphometry and visualisation for those medical colleagues who may not have the necessary background in this area. (The mathematical treatment is kept to minimum and appropriate references are cited to satisfy the more mathematically oriented readers. Selected examples are provided to demonstrate the effects of various basic image processing algorithms on a MRI scan. It should be emphasised that the reviewed techniques are generally used as preprocessing steps in analysing microscopic images and powerful algorithms are more sophisticated and problem-specific.) Secondly, we review image cytometric and histometric methods, standards, calibration and applications. Finally, we touch upon three dimensional confocal image processing and analysis, applications of artificial neural networks, and optical disk database management for recording and retrieving a large number of digitised high resolution images. The development of integrated optical microscope and computer, systems is also briefly described.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Image analysis of ECG rhythm].

The paper deals with ECG rhythmic structure presentation oriented on image thinking of the specialist making diagnostic decisions in interactive interaction with computer. Rhythmogram complex for personal computer is designed.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1976

Computer-based consultation in "care" of the critically ill patient.

Despite far-reaching progress in all areas of surgery, methods of medical data analysis and communication have not kept pace with the increased rate of data acquisition. The needs to organize and communicate these data and to provide a medium for continuing education are great in critical-care areas where the amount and the diversity of data collected are enormous, and the number of surgical team members involved in patient care has grown proportionately. The computer-based Clinical Assessment, Research, and Education System (CARE) is a time-shared computer system now available on a national basis designed to provide a management and education aid for the treatment of critically ill surgical patients. An initial clinical assessment and operative note are entered by the surgeon from which an estimation of the initial fluid, blood, and electrolyte deficits are calculated. Daily doctor's progress notes, shift nurses' summaries of vital signs, clinical information, intake and output data, and drug administration, biochemical, cardiovascular, blood gas, and respiratory information are entered for each shift. From these, a metabolic balance is calculated; fluid, electrolyte, and caloric requirements are determined; cardiorespiratory parameters are computed; and various therapuetic suggestions and cautions are given to alert the physician to problems that may be arising. The surgeon-user is assisted in making the best critical-care decisions through computer-directed, interactive prompting which focuses on the most important clinical conditions and correlations and metabolic considerations and relates the important problem to the relevant literature.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[Imaging science and technology in diagnostic radiology: expectations in the second century of Roentgen's discovery of X-rays].

During the first century since the discovery of X-rays by Roentgen in 1885, imaging technology has contributed significantly to the progress of diagnostic radiology, mainly by providing various methods and techniques for production of diagnostic images. In the next century, it is expected that imaging science and technology will contribute to the most important process of diagnostic decision makings by radiologists and physicians by providing quantitative analyses of medical images using high-speed computers. The computer output may be used as a "second opinion" to assist radiologists' interpretation of images. This concept has been investigated as computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) during the last ten years in chest radiography and mammography for detection of lesions and characterization of normal and abnormal patterns. The aim of CAD is to improve the accuracy and the consistency of radiologic diagnoses. In this article, recent results are presented on the detection of lung nodules and pneumothoraces as well as quantitative analyses of interstitial infiltrates and cardiomegaly in chest radiographs. In mammography, CAD schemes are being developed for detection of clustered microcalcifications and masses. Recently, the prototype mammography intelligent workstation has been implemented in the clinical section of our department and initial clinical results from screening cases appear promising.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗