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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Allergic contact dermatitis in veterinary surgeons.

Thirty-six of 37 veterinary surgeons with incapacitating dermatitis had allergic contact dermatitis, mainly from antibiotics such as spiramycin, Penethamate BP and tylosin. Eight were sensitive to rubber materials. Twenty of 36 had positive prick or scratch tests, mainly to animal hair. The atopic sensitivities were relevant to the contact dermatitis since most of those who have them develop contact reactions from cows' hair and from obstetric work with cows. Protein contact dermatitis seems to be an important predisposing factor for the development of incapacitating allergic contact dermatitis in veterinary surgeons.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Contact dermatitis in printing tradesmen.

During a 2-year period in Toronto, Canada, 21 printing tradesmen with contact dermatitis were evaluated. 67% had allergic contact dermatitis; 29% due to ultraviolet-cured ink components. Irritant contact dermatitis accounted for 37% of the cases. The prognosis in printing tradesmen with contact dermatitis is guarded, except for those with allergic contact dermatitis due to UV-cured components, as the tradesmen who were sensitized to other contactants eventually left the trade. Offset lithography was associated with the problem in 18 of the 21 cases. A brief outline is given of the printing processes in common use.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1990

Nickel sensitivity and the course of atopic dermatitis in adulthood.

The course of dermatitis was followed in nickel-sensitive and nickel-negative atopic and non-atopic patients. Manifest dermatitis was seen in 70% of the nickel-allergic and in 64% of the nickel-negative female atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Those atopic subjects who had minor symptoms in their teens suffered more from dermatitis if they had developed nickel allergy (p less than 0.025). Hands and the head region were the most common sites for current dermatitis in both groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The frequency of contact allergy in atopic patients with dermatitis.

A prospective study was performed to establish the frequency of contact allergy in atopic patients presenting with dermatitis, compared with non-atopics suffering from dermatitis. During 1987-1988, all new patients aged 15 years or older, who consulted us for dermatitis, were investigated. They were patch tested with the European standard series, methyl(chloro)isothiazolinone and other relevant allergens. In addition, they were prick tested with 24 inhalant and 11 food allergens. Patients having at least 2 positive prick tests, and patients with 1 positive prick test and a (family) history of atopic diseases were defined as atopics, as were those who presented with classic atopic dermatitis but with negative prick tests. 499 patients were evaluated: 159 men and 340 women. 214 patients (43%) were atopic, the other 285 (57%) were non-atopic. In the atopic group, 79 persons (37%) had at least 1 positive patch test reaction. In the group of non-atopics, 149 patients (52%) had contact allergies. The difference is statistically significant (chi 2; p less than 0.05). It is concluded that adult atopics seen in dermatological practice who present with dermatitis are less frequently contact sensitized than such patients who are non-atopic. Nevertheless, a yield of nearly 40% positive patch test reactions in this group still makes routine patch testing necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Contact dermatitis from dielectric fluids in electrodischarge machining.

We report an outbreak of irritant contact dermatitis in the aerospace industry from electrodischarge machining (EDM). 20 workers doing EDM developed irritant contact dermatitis from the dielectric fluid used in EDM, a form of precision metal machining that is widely used in mould making and precision engineering. Dielectric fluid contains hydrocarbons that are aromatic, paraffinic or naphthenic and are skin irritants. Irritant contact dermatitis from dielectric fluid has not been reported previously. EDM will become more widespread and occupational dermatitis from dielectric fluid is likely to become more prevalent in the future. Our experience was that irritant contact dermatitis from dielectric fluid can be prevented by simple preventive measures such as personal hygiene and health education.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Efficacies of a barrier cream and an afterwork emollient cream against cutting fluid dermatitis in metalworkers: a prospective study.

We compared the point prevalence of cutting fluid dermatitis and transepidermal water vapour loss (TEWL) changes in groups of new machinists who (a) used a barrier cream; (b) used an afterwork emollient cream; and (c) did not use any cream (controls) over a 6-month period. All machinists handled cutting fluid (neat mineral oil) during their work. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of cutting fluid dermatitis in the 3 groups throughout the study period. The prevalence of cutting fluid dermatitis in all groups increased rapidly during the first 6 weeks and thereafter remained steady throughout the remainder of the study period. The prevalence of cutting fluid dermatitis was slightly lower in machinists using afterwork emollient cream compared to those using barrier cream and controls (not significant). The differences in the mean TEWL changes during the study period among the 3 groups were also not statistically significant. The mean TEWL values in the 3 groups increased rapidly during the first 6 weeks of exposure to cutting fluids and thereafter remained fairly constant throughout the remainder of the study period. Barrier cream and afterwork emollient cream did not appear to have any significant effect against either cutting fluid dermatitis or TEWL changes in machinists exposed to cutting fluid. However, afterwork emollient cream appeared clinically to help reduce the prevalence of cutting fluid irritation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (EPTMAC) and Kathon LX in a starch modification factory.

2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (EPTMAC) is used in the production of cationic starch (CS) for the paper industry. It has been shown to be a sensitizer in guinea pigs, but cases of human sensitization are few. 4 workers were previously sensitized to the substance in a Finnish plant. This report describes 3 process men from another plant examined because of recurring dermatitis. 18 workers were involved in production, and had free access to all work sites. 3 process men, whose work involved drying the CS, had dermatitis, although they had only occasional contact with the cationizing chemical. 2 were already verified to be allergic to EPTMAC and had had variable dermatitis for 8-12 years. One had had dermatitis on his face for 1 year. Patch testing with a dilution series (1%, 0.5%, 0.2%, 0.1% pet.) confirmed their allergy to the cationizing chemical containing EPTMAC, but tests with CS were negative. In addition, 2 had contact allergy to Cl+ Me-isothiazolinone from contact with Kathon LX used as a slimicide in the process. In long-standing (years) recurrent dermatitis, re-examination of patients with verified exposure history and skin test is necessary. In line with our previous study, sampling the process materials, maintenance work and contamination of work sites and gloves caused sensitization. The results also confirm that EPTMAC is a strong human contact sensitizer. 0.2%-0.5% pure EPTMAC in pet. seems to be the optimal patch test concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Allergic contact dermatitis from chlorhexidine.

Although chlorhexidine is a widely used substance, allergic contact dermatitis from chlorhexidine has rarely been reported. Our objective was to study all cases of allergic contact dermatitis from chlorhexidine that were seen at St John's Institute of Dermatology from January 1983 to June 2002. The case records of all patients with positive patch-test reactions to chlorhexidine during the study period were retrieved. The clinical presentation, strength, and relevance of the positive patch-test results as well as possible sources of exposure were studied. There were five cases of allergic contact dermatitis from chlorhexidine during the study period; three of these patients had positive patch-test reactions to chlorhexidine that were of current relevance. The possible sources of exposure included Hibisol, Hibiscrub, a chlorhexidine spray, and peri- and postoperative antiseptic solutions. We concluded that allergic contact dermatitis from chlorhexidine is rare. However, when it occurs, it may cause a severe dermatitis reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Mitosis of mast cells in skin lesions of atopic dermatitis.

Mitoses of mast cells with cytoplasmic granules were observed in 6 out of 55 skin lesions of atopic dermatitis. It is thus likely that the local proliferation process of mast cells contributes to the increased number of mast cells in skin lesions of atopic dermatitis. Mitotic mast cells with cytoplasmic granules were also observed in 2 out of 8 dinitrochlorobenzene contact dermatitis lesions provoked in patients with atopic dermatitis. It is suggested that some mast cells in skin lesions of atopic dermatitis might be involved in the pathogenesis of type IV eczematous skin lesions of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Patch test study with calcipotriol ointment in different patient groups, including psoriatic patients with and without adverse dermatitis.

One hundred and sixty-eight individuals (psoriatic patients treated with calcipotriol with dermatitis due to calcipotriol, psoriatic patients treated with calcipotriol with no dermatitis, psoriatic patients never treated with calcipotriol, patients with eczema and healthy volunteers) were patch-tested (Finn chambers, back, 48 h) with dilutions of calcipotriol ointment (50, 10, 2, 0.4 micrograms/g) and an ointment vehicle. Test evaluation was based on clinical scoring and various non-invasive measuring methods. Doubtful (?+) and weak (1+) reactions were common, irrespective of patient group and history. Moderate (2+) reactions were uncommon and with no increased frequency among psoriatic patients with adverse dermatitis during calcipotriol treatment. The blood flow of test sites measured by laser Doppler flowmetry was, however, increased in psoriatics, who developed dermatitis during calcipotriol treatment as an isolated finding. Furthermore a 1-week repeated open application test (ROAT) was performed on all subjects. None of the persons having a strong reaction in the patch test showed any dermatitis in the ROAT test, indicating that they were not sensitized. Calcipotriol was found to be a mild irritant of the non-corrosive type, i.e. with no influence on the skin barrier. Reactions were dominated by redness (increased laser Doppler flow and chroma a*) and only oedema formation in advanced reactions. The calcipotriol dose-irritation curve was found to be scattered. Calcipotriol induced no increase of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) versus the ointment vehicle, but the ointment vehicle itself increased TEWL. The special ointment vehicle needed for calcipotriol for stability reasons may itself be irritant and cause some impairment of the skin water barrier, with increase in TEWL values. Future patch test studies for calcipotriol allergy should not be done with this vehicle. The non-irritant threshold concentration of calcipotriol in an appropriate test vehicle is still unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Occupational dermatitis from a one-component naphthalene type epoxy adhesive.

In an electronics plant, a new one-component naphthalene type epoxy resin was used as an adhesive for reinforcing a circuit board. The resinous part of the adhesive consisted of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and 1,6-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy)naphthalene type epoxy resins. The hardener was methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA). Of 54 workers, 15 (27.8%) were diagnosed to have work-related dermatitis but were not patch tested. Therefore, it was impossible to determine the specific agent responsible for the worker's symptoms or to distinguish between allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. They worked without protective gloves until they started to develop skin symptoms. The hands were the commonly affected region (13 out of 15 cases). The latent period of dermatitis was very short (mean 2.2 weeks). Of these, 10 cases (66.7%) received medication for dermatitis, and 9 cases (60%) were transferred to other work. The work-related skin symptoms were closely related to the specific tasks, i.e., filling dispensers with the adhesive and manual application of the adhesive to a portion of a circuit board using a dispenser. For occupational hygiene reasons, contact with epoxy resins should be minimized by taking all possible measures into use, including protective gloves. Further studies are required to clarify the allergenicity of 1,6-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy)naphthalene, since very little is known about the mechanism through which it leads to the symptoms of dermatitis.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2007

Th1 and type 1 cytotoxic T cells dominate responses in T-bet overexpression transgenic mice that develop contact dermatitis.

Contact dermatitis in humans and contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in animal models are delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions mediated by hapten-specific T cells. Recently, it has become clear that both CD4(+) Th1 and CD8(+) type 1 cytotoxic T (Tc1) cells can act as effectors in CHS reactions. T-bet has been demonstrated to play an important role in Th1 and Tc1 cell differentiation, but little is known about its contribution to CHS. In the present study, we used C57BL/6 mice transgenic (Tg) for T-bet to address this issue. These Tg mice, which overexpressed T-bet in their T lymphocytes, developed dermatitis characterized by swollen, flaky, and scaly skin in regions without body hair. Skin histology showed epidermal hyperkeratosis, neutrophil, and lymphocyte infiltration similar to that seen in contact dermatitis. T-bet overexpression in Tg mice led to elevated Th1 Ig (IgG2a) and decreased Th2 Ig (IgG1) production. Intracellular cytokine analyses demonstrated that IFN-gamma was increased in both Th1 and Tc1 cells. Furthermore, Tg mice had hypersensitive responses to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, which is used for CHS induction. These results suggest that the level of expression of T-bet might play an important role in the development of contact dermatitis and that these Tg mice should be a useful model for contact dermatitis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Contact dermatitis treated with new topical products: a case study.

Contact dermatitis, an inflammatory response of the skin to an irritant or an allergen, can affect hospital staff. Most clinicians are routinely exposed to irritants such as latex, detergents, and chemicals. Treatment with topical corticosteroids and avoidance of suspect irritants usually resolves the dermatitis. A case study is presented of a licensed practical nurse who developed persistent contact dermatitis. The dermatitis did not resolve with 15 months of traditional treatments. Only after 3 months of treatment with two investigational topical products, which are now available to the public, was the dermatitis resolved and complete healing achieved. This case study discusses the new products and traditional treatment products used and presents results of irritant specificity testing and a series of photographs documenting resolution and healing.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2002

[Occupational dermatitis: irritation or allergy?].

Occupational dermatitis is a very frequent subject of consultation, as much in general practice as in dermatology. The most frequently found pathologies are linked to environmental factors. In these cases, irritant dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis represent the majority of the cutaneous problems. Rigorous history taking associated with an attentive examination and a few investigations, essentially consisting of skin testing, form an incontestable tripod. The therapeutic approach, as much preventative as curative, can only be envisaged after having made a precise diagnosis, of which the conclusions should be pertinent and adapted to each patient presenting in consultation. In occupational disease, the distinction between irritant dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis is primordial.

Dermatitis, Allergic Contact↗
PubMed1964

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ANTIPRURITIC EFFECT OF GUANETHIDINE IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS.

Guanethidine, 0.75 to 1.25 mg. per kg. per day, was found to alleviate the pruritus of acute atopic dermatitis in 19 out of 20 patients. It was not effective in patients with other dermatoses. An apparent partial tolerance to this treatment developed in six out of 10 patients re-treated. It had little or no therapeutic effect in 10 patients with a variety of other pruritic dermatoses, suggesting that this drug has a specific antipruritic action in patients with atopic dermatitis. In a double-blind study, 11 of 12 patients with atopic dermatitis treated with guanethidine experienced relief of pruritus. Four out of 12 patients using a placebo had complete or partial relief. Guanethidine, 1% to 10%, used topically was therapeutically no more effective than placebo. In view of the reported side effects and the anesthetic hazard encountered with guanethidine, further long-term studies are indicated before this drug is adopted for clinical use in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. The findings support the hypothesis that atopic dermatitis may be a manifestation of a hereditary defect in cutaneous noradrenaline binding.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1959

Atopic dermatitis due to sensitivity to pollen.

Observation of 100 patients with atopic dermatitis due to hypersensitivity to pollen over a period of 12 years emphasized certain important diagnostic and therapeutic features. The incidence was higher in females than in males and higher in middle and old age than in the earlier years. Pollen dermatitis may be the sole or major manifestation of allergy; 43 patients gave no history of other allergic symptoms. It may involve any or all areas of the body. The site or the distribution of lesions or the nature of the lesions gave no clue as to the diagnosis of pollen sensitivity. The character of the eruption varied widely from patient to patient and in given patients from week to week at times. Atopic dermatitis due to pollen sensitivity may be purely seasonal, perennial with seasonal exacerbations or perennial without seasonal variation. Reactions to skin testing with pollens suspected as allergens may be positive, equivocal or negative. In 58 patients there were positive correlative skin reactions to pollens. The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis due to pollen sensitivity, and the composition of the desensitizing antigen or antigens, must be based primarily on the clinical history and the area of residence. Most patients could tolerate only very weak dilutions at the beginning of desensitization therapy. Strong dilutions caused exacerbation of the dermatitis. Good or excellent results were obtained with perennial pollen desensitization therapy administered over long periods. In 13 patients good results took four to eight years of desensitization therapy. Fifty required less than two years. Tolerance of the patient for a given dose of antigen should determine the maximum dilution used in therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Eczema herpeticum complicating Parthenium dermatitis.

Parthenium dermatitis is one of the most common causes of airborne contact dermatitis in India. Eczema herpeticum has been reported in association with various eczematous conditions, including Parthenium dermatitis. We report a case of eczema herpeticum in association with Parthenium dermatitis. Because Parthenium dermatitis is a common condition in this region, one should be aware of this complication so that appropriate treatment is not delayed.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1979

Occupational dermatitis among health service workers.

Health service workers in the number of 152 suffering of dermatitis were examined. They included 43 physicians, 25 stomatologists, 59 nurses, 14 hospital-wards and 12 other persons working in hospitals, clinics and pharmacies. In physicians occupational contact dermatitis occured in ten patients, exclusively among those performing operations, most frequently surgeons and ginecologists. Rubber gloves (5 patients) disinfectants and chromic catgut were the sensitizing objects. Moreover, a woman gynecologist positive to nickel observed that also the use of a speculum exacerbated her lesions. A laryngologist with seborrhoic dermatitis, strongly positive to formaldehyde, had exacerbations when using--during surgery--a microscope disinfected with formalin solution. Allergic occupational contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 12 stomatologists; they were positive to eugenol, mercury, novocaine or formaldehyde. Among 24 nurses with allergic occupational contact dermatitis, those positive to antibiotics (specially to semisynthetic penicillins) or to disinfectants (most of them to formaldehyde) were most numerous. Some nurses were sensitive to such drugs as Propranolol, Aminophyllinum or chlorpromazine hydrochloride. To the latter drug also a ward attendant was positive.

Dermatitis, Contact↗