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At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Exogenous gibberellins inhibit coffee (Coffea arabica cv. Rubi) seed germination and cause cell death in the embryo.

The mechanism of inhibition of coffee (Coffea arabica cv. Rubi) seed germination by exogenous gibberellins (GAs) and the requirement of germination for endogenous GA were studied. Exogenous GA(4+7) inhibited coffee seed germination. The response to GA(4+7) showed two sensitivity thresholds: a lower one between 0 and 1 microM and a higher one between 10 and 100 microM. However, radicle protrusion in coffee seed depended on the de novo synthesis of GAs. Endogenous GAs were required for embryo cell elongation and endosperm cap weakening. Incubation of coffee seed in exogenous GA(4+7) led to loss of embryo viability and dead cells were observed by low temperature scanning microscopy only when the endosperm was surrounding the embryo. The results described here indicate that the inhibition of germination by exogenous GAs is caused by factors that are released from the endosperm during or after its weakening, causing cell death in the embryo and leading to inhibition of radicle protrusion.

Cell Death↗
PubMed2004

Farmers' perceptions, knowledge, and management of coffee pests and diseases and their natural enemies in Chiapas, Mexico.

Small farmers' perceptions of coffee Coffea arabica L. herbivores and their natural enemies, how those perceptions relate to field infestation levels, and pest management practices being implemented by members from two organic and nonorganic coffee grower organizations in the Soconusco region, southeastern Mexico, were analyzed through an interview survey, diagnostic workshops, and field sampling. The terms pest, disease, and damage were commonly used as synonyms. The major phytophagous species, as perceived by the interviewees, were Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), and to a lesser extent the fungi Corticium koleroga Cooke (Höhnel) and Hemileia vastatrix Berkeley & Broome. Among the nonorganic farmers, other nonpest-related constraints were regarded as more important. Awareness of the existence of natural enemies was low, despite more organic farmers have used the ectoparasitoid bethylid Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem against H. hampei. Labor supplied by household members was most frequent for pest control; only organic farmers exchanged labor for this purpose. The levels of infestation by H. hampei, Leucoptera coffeella Guérin-Méneville, and C. koleroga were lower within the organic coffee stands. However, a low effectiveness for pest control was commonly perceived, probably due to a feeling, among the organic farmers, of a low impact of their pest management extension service, whereas a lack of motivation was prevalent among the nonorganic farmers, shown by a concern with their low coffee yields and the emigration of youth. The importance of understanding farmers' perceptions and knowledge of pests and their natural enemies and the need for participatory pest management approaches, are discussed.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2002

[The evaluation of thermophilic fungi in raw coffee beans].

The purpose of the study was the attempt of the isolation of the thermophilic fungi from raw coffee beans. The material constituted of 24 coffee beans samples came from 12 countries. The isolation and the identification of the thermophilic fungi was conducted according to Biłaj [2], Biłaj and Zacharczenko [3]. The study proved, that raw coffee beans were the rich source of the thermophilic mycoflora. From all tested samples 270 species were isolated. The most refused sample came from Ecuador--81% coffee beans were infected. The most of species (90% from among isolated) were species belonged to the Thermomyces lanuginosus.

Coffea↗
PubMed1999

Risk of stomach cancer in relation to consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, tea and coffee in Warsaw, Poland.

To identify reasons for the high incidence rates of stomach cancer in Poland, we conducted a population-based case-control study in Warsaw. Cases were residents aged 21 to 79 years who were newly diagnosed with stomach cancer between March 1, 1994, and April 30, 1997. Controls were randomly selected from Warsaw residents registered at the nationwide Polish Electronic System of Residence Evidency, frequency-matched to cases by age and sex. Information on demographic characteristics; consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, tea and coffee; diet; medical history; family history of cancer; occupational history; and living conditions during adolescence was elicited by trained interviewers using a structured questionnaire. Included were 464 cases (90% of eligible) and 480 controls (87% of eligible). Among men, the risk of stomach cancer was significantly elevated among current smokers (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1-2.7) but not among former smokers. The excess risk was largely confined to long-term and heavy smokers, with significant 2-fold excess risk among men who smoked 40 or more pack-years. Among women, an 80% increase in risk was observed in both current and former smokers but dose-response trends were less consistent than among men. Alcohol consumption was not clearly related to risk, and no association was found for drinking regular coffee or herbal tea or using milk/cream in coffee or tea. A significant reduction in risk was linked to daily tea drinking among women, but not among men. Our findings confirm an association with cigarette smoking, which is estimated to account for approximately 20% of stomach cancers diagnosed among Warsaw residents during the study period.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Effect of the roasting method on the content of 5-hydroxytryptamides of carboxylic acids in roasted coffee beans.

Coffee beans of Coffea liberica (robusta) variety were roasted using convection and microwave heating. For roasting we used green coffee beans of 7.5% moisture content, and beans wetted to 10% moisture content and dried to 5% moisture content. The content of 5-hydroxytryptamides of carboxylic acids C-5-HT (determined by TLC) as the index of substances irritating alimentary canal was investigated in the roasted beans, depending on the bean treatment before roasting and applied roasting method. Analytical results show that predrying of the coffee beans caused 15-30% loss of C-5-HT, depending on the applied drying conditions. The content of C-5-HT in the roasted beans depended on the roasting method and preliminary treatment of the beans prior to roasting. A higher C-5-HT loss occurred in the case of beans subjected to two-stage processing, predrying and roasting. Convection roasting caused higher degradation of C-5-HT than microwave roasting.

Carboxylic Acids↗
PubMed2000

Chemopreventive effects of coffee bean and rice constituents on colorectal carcinogenesis.

Polyphenolic compound chlorogenic acid (CGA) known to be much contained in coffee beans was found to have a regressive effect on induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as well as on development of ACF in azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. Rice germ and gamma-aminobutyric acid-enriched defatted rice germ inhibited AOM-induced ACF formation and colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. Ferulic acid (FA) also known to be contained in coffee beans and rice prevented AOM-induced ACF formation and intestinal carcinogenesis in rats. Both of food factors, coffee and rice may be of benefit to prevention of human colorectal cancers.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Increased chromosome fragility as a consequence of blood folate levels, smoking status, and coffee consumption.

Chromosome fragility in 96 h, low-folate cultures was found to be associated with smoking status, coffee consumption, and blood folate level. The higher proportion of cells with chromosome aberrations in cigarette smokers was attributable to lower red cell folate levels in smokers compared with nonsmokers. There was a positive linear relationship between the average cups of coffee consumed per day and the proportion of cells with aberrations. This association was independent of the effects of smoking and red cell folate level. These data suggest that smoking history, coffee consumption, and red cell folate level are important considerations for the design and interpretation of fragile site studies in cancer cytogenetics.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed2002

Risk of pancreatic cancer in relation to alcohol drinking, coffee consumption and medical history: findings from the Japan collaborative cohort study for evaluation of cancer risk.

We evaluated the associations of such lifestyle factors as alcohol drinking, coffee consumption and medical history with risk of death from pancreatic cancer in a large-scale prospective cohort study [the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC study)] in Japan. Subjects were 110,792 (46,465 men and 64,327 women) inhabitants who were enrolled from 45 areas throughout Japan. At baseline, a self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on lifestyle factors and medical history. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate relative risks. During the follow-up period (mean +/- SD 8.1 +/- 1.8 years), 225 deaths due to pancreatic cancer were identified. Overall, neither alcohol nor coffee intake was associated with risk of death from pancreatic cancer. Heavy coffee consumption (> or =4 cups/day), however, may increase the risk. Men who reported a history of diabetes mellitus and women who reported a history of gallstone/cholecystitis were at significantly (2-fold) increased risk of death from pancreatic cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The Copenhagen case-control study of bladder cancer. II. Effect of coffee and other beverages.

During the years 1979-1981 a population-based case-control study of bladder cancer including papilloma was performed in greater Copenhagen. A total of 371 patients (280 males; 91 females), and a comparable age- and sex-stratified group of 771 controls (577 males; 194 females) remained for logistic regression analysis. Controls were selected at random from the general population of the study area. All persons were questioned about their drinking habits with respect to coffee, tea and other beverages, as well as their exposure to a number of known or suspected risk factors for bladder cancer. After adjustment for tobacco smoking, the relative risk of bladder cancer in relation to coffee drinking was not statistically significant among either men or women. A significant association was found between bladder cancer and tea drinking among men, but with no regular trend for increasing consumption. An association was found between risk of bladder cancer and both total daily liquid intake and non-cola soft drinks. This population-based case-control study provides no evidence of an isolated influence of coffee drinking or caffeine intake on bladder cancer risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Electrophysiologic properties of coffee in man.

There is no information on the effects of coffee on the human conduction system. His bundle electrograms were obtained in 12 patients before and 20 minutes after the ingestion of coffee containing 150 mg caffeine. Antegrade and retrograde refractory periods were obtained with the extrastimulus method. The effective and functional refractory period of the atrioventricular node decreased after coffee ingestion. This improvement in conduction is probably mediated by a release of catecholamines.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Reliable characterization of coffee bean aroma profiles by automated headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with the support of a dual-filter mass spectra library.

This investigation is based on the automated solid phase microextraction GC-MS analysis of the volatile fraction of a variety of coffee bean matrices. Volatile analytes were extracted by headspace (HS)-SPME which was achieved with the support of automated instrumentation. The research was directed towards various important aspects relating to coffee aroma analysis: monitoring of the volatile fraction formation during roasting; chromatographic differentiation of the two main coffee species (Arabica and Robusta) and of a single species from different geographical origins; evaluation of the influence of specific industrial treatments prior to roasting. Reliable peak assignment was carried out through the use of a recently laboratory-constructed "flavour and fragrance" library and a dual-filter MS spectral search procedure. Further emphasis was placed on the automated SPME instrumentation and on its ability to supply highly repeatable chromatographic data.

Coffee↗
PubMed1992

Premorbid smoking, alcohol consumption, and coffee drinking habits in Parkinson's disease: a case-control study.

A number of studies have reported lower cigarette consumption in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) previous to onset of the disease. In an attempt to determine whether there existed a "premorbid attitude" by patients against the use of socially accepted "drugs," the premorbid tobacco, alcohol, and coffee consumption habits were compared in 128 PD patients and 256 controls. Patients and controls were selected by case control method and were recruited from the same health area and socioeconomic stratum. In males, the habits of smoking more than 10 cigarettes/day (p < 0.001) and drinking more than 50 g/day of alcohol (p < 0.001) were significantly less frequent in the PD patients than in the controls, but the differences in coffee consumption were nonsignificant. In females behavior did not differ significantly between the PD group and the controls for any of the three habits. There was no correlation between the amount of smoking and alcohol drinking and age at onset of PD or current Hoehn and Yahr's staging. Our results suggest the existence of a premorbid personality in males with PD, possibly conditioning a restrictive attitude toward the consumption of such toxic substances as tobacco and alcohol, yet a more tolerant attitude toward habits more widely accepted socially, like coffee consumption.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Adsorption of dyes onto carbonaceous materials produced from coffee grounds by microwave treatment.

Organic wastes have been burned for reclamation. However, they have to be recycled and reused for industrial sustainable development. Carbonaceous materials were produced from coffee grounds by microwave treatment. There are many phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of carbonaceous materials. The base consumption of the carbonaceous materials was larger than that of the commercially activated carbon. The carbonaceous materials produced from coffee grounds were applied to the adsorbates for the removal of basic dyes (methylene blue and gentian violet) in wastewater. This result indicated that the adsorption of dyes depended upon the surface polar groups on the carbonaceous materials. Moreover, the Freundlich constants of isotherms for the adsorption of methylene blue and gentian violet onto the carbonaceous materials produced from coffee grounds were greater than those for adsorption onto activated carbon or ceramic activated carbon. The interaction was greatest between the surface or porosity of the carbonaceous materials and methylene blue and gentian violet. The microwave treatment would be useful for the carbonization of organic wastes to save energy.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1990

Effect of cigarette smoking and coffee consumption on apolipoprotein B levels.

Apolipoprotein B levels were studied in relation to cigarette smoking, coffee and alcohol consumption, physical activity, age and body mass index in 253 men aged 21-61 years. The mean apolipoprotein B level was 7.3 +/- 3.2 mg/dl and was higher for smokers compared with non-smokers. Considering the smokers of over 20 cigarettes/day and the non-smokers, this difference reached 12.6 +/- 4.3 mg/dl. A significant increase of 7.2 +/- 3.5 mg/dl in apolipoprotein B levels was observed in the subjects who drank over 3 cups of coffee/day compared with the remaining subjects, but the increase was only 4.3 +/- 3.7 mg/dl when we made a correction for cigarette consumption. Furthermore, for cigarette smoking and coffee consumption, there is apparently an interactive effect with BMI and/or age (vs apolipoprotein B levels). However, with a stepwise selection among explicative variables [age, BMI, smoking (yes/no) and coffee consumption (less than or equal to 3, greater than 3 cups/day)] and all their interactions of first order, only the interaction between BMI and smoking (BMI*smoking: b +/- ES (b) = 0.3029 +/- 0.0303), and age and BMI (age*BMI), are significantly and positively related to serum levels of apolipoprotein B. Thus cigarette smoking, interacting with high BMI, appear related to higher apolipoprotein B levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Sensitization to green coffee bean (GCB) and castor bean (CB) allergens among dock workers.

Dock workers (n = 218) occupationally exposed to green coffee beans (GCB) were studied, using a specific questionnaire for allergic symptoms and skin tests for common and occupational allergens. Thirty-one workers (14.3%) complained of allergic symptoms of the eye, nose and bronchial system at the workplace. The prick tests, using both commercial allergens and specific extracts prepared from the most common types of coffee and their corresponding sacks, confirmed a sensitization in 21 workers (9.6%). A positive skin reaction to castor beans (CB) was found in nearly all these cases; in ten workers there was also a positive reaction to GCB allergens and in 14 cases prick tests were positive to extracts of sacks. There was a good concordance between prick tests and specific IgE for CB (95.0%) and also, but to a lesser extent, for GCB. The authors concluded that there is a significant risk of sensitization to CB and GCB allergens in dock workers occupied in handling green coffee bean, despite the fact that the exposure is not continuous. CB emerged as a common contaminant of GCB from various countries. For effective prevention, a modification of the methods of transport is required to avoid CB contamination to other products. Eliminating environmental dust during shipping operations is the most important preventive measure and it can be achieved by the use of containers, as some exporting countries are already doing.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effect of roasting on ochratoxin A level in green coffee beans inoculated with Aspergillus ochraceus.

The heat stability of ochratoxin A in green coffee beans inoculated with Aspergillus ochraceus was studied. Heat treatment (roasting) at 200 degrees C for 10 or 20 min reduced the levels of ochratoxin A by only 0-12% in the dried whole beans. Almost all of the ochratoxin A was infused into the coffee decoction when the roasted samples were ground and extracted with boiling water. Therefore, the reduction of ochratoxin A concentration of contaminated coffee beans by roasting under these conditions is ineffective.

Aspergillus↗
PubMed1987

[Determination of phenols in coffee].

The structure and quantity of phenols, occurring in two different roasted Robusta coffees and in four samples of roast coffee, were investigated. Identification and quantification were carried out after special extraction procedures and clean-up methods by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The quantities of 35 phenols investigated ranged from below 0.1 mg/kg to more than 1000 mg/kg. Sixteen phenols were identified in coffee for the first time.

Coffee↗
PubMed1978

[Diphenols and caramel compounds in roasted coffees of different varieties. II. (author's transl)].

Eleven diphenols and seven caramel compounds were extracted from roasted coffee with pentane/ether (1 + 1), silylated with BSTFA, characterized, and semiquantified by GC-MS. Seven phenols and five caramel components were identified for the first time in roasted coffee. Robusta coffee contained the highest amounts of phenols and maltol. Arabica showed higher amounts of furaneol (2.5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone), isomaltol, 5-hydroxymaltol, and 5-hydroxy-5.6-dihydromaltol.

Chromatography, Gas↗