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[Clothing in the protection of public safety and security forces].

The Ministerial Decree 19 February 1992 indicates the characteristics of the equipment and of the different uniforms adopted by the Italian Police Forces. The paper describes the occupational risks (due to physical, chemical and biological agents) and the protective equipments of particular police activities and specialties: urban and road police, air and naval units, shooting instructors, laboratory technicians (scientific police), mechanic repair and maintenance, units working with dogs or horses.

Clothing↗
PubMed1993

Orthodox Jews have a lower incidence of malignant melanoma. A note on the potentially protective role of traditional clothing.

The incidence of malignant melanoma (MM) in orthodox and non-orthodox Jews in Israel during the years 1970-1982 was compared through an assessment of incidence rates in the orthodox and non-orthodox neighborhoods in the city of Jerusalem and by a comparison of the rates in 2 cities on the outskirts of Tel Aviv, one of which has a strongly orthodox population. Within the city of Jerusalem the incidence of MM for the European-American born in the orthodox neighborhoods was significantly lower than in the rest of the city in males, and of borderline significance in females. A similar pattern was seen upon comparison of the orthodox city of Bnei Brak to its neighbor city, Givatayim. The findings are consistent with the role of sun exposure in the etiology of malignant melanoma.

Clothing↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of methods: determination of UV protection of clothing.

Based on spectrophotometric measurements and mathematical calculations, the ultraviolet (UV) protection factor of a textile is determined in vitro. This technique is the most established test method for the determination of UV protection of a garment. However, the validity and practicality of the in vitro UV protection factor (UPF) determined in the laboratory has been a controversial issue with regard to its significance in the field. Several studies have verified the in vitro UPF by comparing it with various in vivo test protocols using solar-simulated radiation for the determination of the minimal erythema dose. The data inconsistency between these studies is certainly due to different methodology. Furthermore, UV dosimetry is a suitable method for quantifying UV transmission through a garment. Chemical dosimeters (e.g. polysulfone films) and biological UV detector films have been used in in vivo-simulated studies in the form of small portable badges monitoring solar UV transmittance through garments on manikins and mobile subjects. As sunlight consists to a considerable extent of diffuse radiation, which is more scattered and absorbed by the fabric than direct radiation, UPF values obtained by measurements in real exposure situations are usually higher than those obtained by conventional in vitro and in vivo testing with collimated radiation beams. Thus the discrepancy between laboratory-based testing and field-based measurements may be due to different radiation geometry of UV sources. Taken together, the in vitro method is the most practicable and inexpensive method for routine measurements of UPF, but dosimetry seems to be a highly useful method for determining the UPF in real exposure situations.

Materials Testing↗