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PubMedDate not supplied

Pulsed redistribution of a contaminant following forest fire: cesium-137 in runoff.

Of the natural processes that concentrate dispersed environmental contaminants, landscape fire stands out as having potential to rapidly concentrate contaminants and accelerate their redistribution. This study used rainfall simulation methods to quantify changes in concentration of a widely dispersed environmental contaminant (global fallout 137Cs) in soils and surface water runoff following a major forest fire at Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA. The 137Cs concentrations at the ground surface increased up to 40 times higher in ash deposits and three times higher for the topmost 50 mm of soil compared with pre-fire soils. Average redistribution rates were about one order of magnitude greater for burned plots, 5.96 KBq ha(-1) mm(-1) rainfall, compared with unburned plots, 0.55 KBq ha(-1) mm(-1) rainfall. The greatest surface water transport of 137Cs, 11.6 KBq ha(-1) mm(-1), occurred at the plot with the greatest amount of ground cover removal (80% bare soil) following fire. Concentration increases of 137Cs occurred during surface water erosion, resulting in enrichment of 137Cs levels in sediments by factors of 1.4 to 2.9 compared with parent soils. The elevated concentrations in runoff declined rapidly with time and cumulative precipitation occurrence and approached pre-fire levels after approximately 240 mm of rainfall. Our results provide evidence of order-of-magnitude concentration increases of a fallout radionuclide as a result of forest fire and rapid transport of radionuclides following fire that may have important implications for a wide range of geophysical, ecosystem, fire management, and risk-based issues.

Cesium Radioisotopes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The localization of radioactive cesium in bovine muscle tissue].

The form in which radioactive caesium is present in muscular tissue has been investigated. It has been found that protein agents under study do not form stable complexes with radioactive caesium. It is suggested that caesium-137 is partially bound by muscular cell membranes upon meet storage.

Actomyosin↗
PubMed1992

[Triggered activities induced by cesium chloride and terminated by drugs in cat heart in vivo].

Monophasic action potential (MAP) of the left ventricular epicardium in vivo in 58 cats were recorded by using a contact electrode. The results showed that early after depolarization, delayed after depolarization, oscillatory afterpotential, and some kinds of triggered arrhythmias were induced by CsCl (iv 0.5 mmol.kg-1), that these afterdepolarizations and triggered arrhythmias were prevented by sodium valproate, and that ventricular tachycardias induced by CsCl was terminated by lidocaine, moricizine, and sodium valproate.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1991

Adsorption staining of freeze-substituted and low temperature embedded frog skeletal muscle with cesium: a new method for the investigation of protein-ion interactions.

A new adsorption staining method for transmission electron microscopy is described by means of which cellular adsorption sites of alkali-metal ions can be visualized in freeze-substituted and low temperature embedded biological material. The main features of this staining method are: 1) the use of Cs(+)-ions which are known to accumulate in living cells like K(+)-ions and 2) the removal of the staining solution from thin sections of the embedded material by centrifugal force. It is shown that sections of freeze-substituted and Lowicryl embedded frog skeletal muscle which has not been treated with chemical fixatives can be stained with electron-dense Cs(+)-ions: protein sites of preferential ion adsorption are visualized. These sites are similar to those accumulating monovalent ions in living cells as had been shown previously with frozen-hydrated preparations. An observed pH-dependency of the adsorption staining is consistent with the view that the ion adsorption sites are beta- and gamma-carboxyl groups of cellular proteins. The results obtained so far indicate that the new method can be used to investigate weak interactions between cellular proteins and different ions by electron microscopic methods.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1991

[Dependence of transfer factors for cesium on the contamination level of feed].

The transfer factor-values feedstuff/meat so as the value of biological half life time for caesium are not constant but are depending on external and internal conditions. The most important external condition is the level of feedstuff contamination which reduces proportional the transfer factor's value of 0.5 +/- 0.1 asymptotically to 0.3 +/- 0.1. These values are then decreasing till to two thirds by the increasing part of uncontaminated feedstuff in the daily diet. The internal conditions, namely type of gastrointestinal tract, metabolic individuality and actual animal health, may cause a variability of transfer factor's values up to +/- 35% of the mean resulting from external conditions. The value of biological half life time of caesium may be considered as a constant for each respective tissue or organ in balanced conditions, but the changes of external conditions, especially the beginning of uncontaminated feeding, results in immediate gradually shortening of this half life time till to 50-30% of its original value.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The cytogenetic and hematotoxic effect of cesium-137 incorporated in the rat body].

The influence of incorporated 137Cs on peripheral blood cells was studied at different times after a single per os administration to rats. Moderate lymphopenia occurred in 26 days. A 30-70% increase in the number of aberrant lymphocytes was revealed throughout the entire period of observation (up to 547 days). Rats are suggested to develop a pronounced immune depression and chronic radiation sickness.

Administration, Oral↗