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PubMed1989

Immunohistochemistry in bone marrow diagnosis. Value of a panel of monoclonal antibodies on routinely processed bone marrow biopsies.

To see if immunohistochemistry can be used on routinely processed bone marrow biopsies for diagnostic purposes, 73 biopsy specimens, fixed in sublimate-formaldehyde, decalcified in an acetic acid-formaldehyde mixture, and embedded in paraffin, were studied with a panel of antibodies. The specimens included "normal," lymphomatous, and myeloproliferative disorders as well as some biopsies with metastatic carcinoma. The results show that the different cell lines and their localization in the bone marrow can be easily identified and quantitative and qualitative changes can be assessed. Megakaryopoiesis is identified with Factor VIII-related antigen and Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA); myelopoiesis stains with MT-1, elastase, Leu M-1, LN-2, LN-3, HECA 452, and 115D8; and in myeloproliferative conditions, myeloblasts and promyelocytes stained with leukocyte common antigen (LCA). Erythroid cells stained with UEA, glycophorin A, and LN-1. Lymphocytes were marked with LCA, MB-2, and LN-2. Plasma cells were stained best with immunoglobulin light chain antisera; only occasional reactivity with LCA and 115D8 was observed. Carcinomas all reacted with MB-2; occasional reactivity with 115D8, HECA 452, LN-1, LN-2, MT-1, and Ber H-2 was seen. A small panel of selected antibodies, such as UEA, Leu M-1, and LCA, and the immunoglobulin light chain antisera can be very helpful in bone marrow diagnosis and would cover most indications.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

The effects of demineralized bone matrix and direct current on an "in vivo" culture of bone marrow cells.

Bone marrow cells (BMCs) from rabbit femora and tibiae were grown in diffusion chambers implanted in rabbit muscle. At 42 days 80% of the BMC chambers exhibited cartilage formation within them. Demineralized bone matrix added to the marrow cell suspension in the chamber accelerated the appearance and increased the number of chambers with cartilage. Mineralization of the cartilage also occurred earlier in the chambers with bone matrix. In a second experiment, a 5-microA direct current cathode in the bone marrow chamber increased the number of chambers containing cartilage from 50 to 80% at day 25. Mineralization also occurred earlier in the chambers with direct current.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Graft-versus-host disease in murine bone marrow transplantation. II. Modulation of acute and chronic GVHD in mice receiving bone marrow allografts pretreated with immunosuppressive factor derived from a human T cell line.

BALB/c bone marrow treated with monoclonal anti-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement is unable to produce prolonged hemopoietic repopulation and survival when transplanted to lethally-irradiated allogeneic CBA recipient mice. Preincubation of the antibody treated bone marrow cells with an immunosuppressive factor (SAF) derived from a 6-thioguanine resistant cell line, itself derived from the human T cell line CEM, in contrast, allowed those bone marrow cells to produce a state of chimerism and long term survival. Parameters designed to gauge the degree of graft-versus-host reactivity (GVHR) in these animals suggested that acute GVHR was abolished with this procedure. Moreover, defining chronic GVHD as associated with abnormally high spontaneous proliferation of splenic cells, elevated anti-host mixed lymphocyte reactivity, or elevated serum immunoglobulin levels (in all cases when compared with the syngeneically repopulated BALB/c----BALB/c), our data suggest that preincubation with SAF modified chronic GVHD also.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Effect of platelet growth factors on proliferation of guinea pig bone marrow and splenic stromal precursor cells and proliferation of cultural descendants from bone marrow precursor cells.

Elimination of platelets from guinea pig splenocyte suspension (lacking megakaryocytes) with EDTA considerable reduces the efficiency cloning of splenic stromal precursor cells. It means that platelet-derived growth factors are necessary for stromal precursor cells from different organs (bone marrow, thymus, and spleen). The dependence on the platelet growth factors can vary within a wide range in descendants from cultured bone marrow precursor cells (passaged bone marrow fibroblasts at different stages of differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Bone marrow manifestation of Niemann-Pick disease. A review of histiocytic proliferations of the bone marrow].

Niemann-Pick disease is an inherited autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder of sphingolipids that results in an accumulation of sphingomyelin in the cells of the reticulo-histiocyte system due to an enzyme defect. Type B of this disorder is characterised by a late onset and a variable manifestation of clinical symptoms. In the presented case a bone marrow biopsy was performed because of a pancytopenia and splenomegaly. A suspicious histiocyte proliferation was found in the bone marrow, showing typically large macrophages with foamy cytoplasm. Enzymatic analysis of a fibroblast culture confirmed the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease type B, with reduced activity of acid sphingomyelinase. A broad spectrum of disorders is associated with an increase in histiocytic cells within the bone marrow. In particular the differential diagnosis includes typical storage diseases, such as Gaucher's disease, and other metabolic disorders. Furthermore, reactive conditions with secondary increase in bone marrow macrophages have to be considered. In accordance with the presented patient the most common causes of histiocytic disorders involving the bone marrow are reviewed.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed2001

Quality of life one year following bone marrow transplantation: psychometric evaluation of the quality of life in bone marrow transplant survivors tool.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To examine a comprehensive view of quality of life (QOL) post-bone marrow transplant (post-BMT) and to evaluate the psychometric properties of an instrument designed to measure QOL in this population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive, mailed survey. SETTING: A large, major BMT referral center for central, eastern, and southern Kentucky. SAMPLE: 41 BMT survivors with an age range of 18-71 years who were an average of 30 months post-BMT. METHODS: Seven mailed questionnaires, including an investigator-developed demographic questionnaire and the Quality of Life in Bone Marrow Transplant Survivors Tool (QOL-BMT-ST). MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: QOL, BMT treatment, sexual activities, employment, and uncertainty. FINDINGS: Global QOL was good (x = 6.4 on a 0-10 scale). Subjects experienced several long-term areas of concern: physical strength, sexual activities, fear of cancer recurrence, fear of developing a secondary cancer, unemployment, family distress, and uncertainty toward the future. Psychometric testing of the QOL-BMT-ST revealed adequate to excellent reliability and validity. CONCLUSIONS: Most BMT survivors reported few long-term disruptions and above average QOL. The QOL-BMT-ST has a promising utility in clinical trials. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Individually structured pre- and post-BMT assessment of physical, psychosocial, and spiritual functioning is significant in identifying vulnerable patients and treating them accordingly.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

[Regulatory role of bone marrow in immunogenesis. II. Analysis of various mechanisms of antibody genesis suppression by the bone marrow B cells in vitro].

The suppressive effect of the cells on the bone marrow of the B-lymphocytic series on the production of antibody-forming cells to sheep red blood cells, observed on their addition into the culture of the spleen cells after Mishell and Dutton, was mediated only by the live cells capable of proliferation, and was independent of the histocompatible differences between the bone marrow and the spleen cells and of the preliminary immunization of the bone marrow donors.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

In vitro hemopoiesis in human micro long-term bone marrow cultures recharged with either allogeneic, T-cell-depleted allogeneic, or syngeneic bone marrow cells.

The production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) and the proliferation period in human long-term bone marrow cultures are inferior to murine cultures. There is also evidence that recharge of the cultures after establishing confluent stromal layers will not greatly improve myelopoiesis. Data in the literature indicate that PHA-responsive T lymphocytes persist for up to 5 weeks in human but not in murine long-term marrow cultures. We therefore analyzed the effects of recharging micro long-term bone marrow cultures with bone marrow cell samples depleted by T lymphocytes. Depletion was performed in a complement-mediated cytotoxicity assay by applying the monoclonal antibody CAMPATH-1. Our data show that regardless of whether T cells were removed only at recharge, at both initiation and recharge, or only at initiation, obvious enhancement could neither be achieved in the GM-CFC production nor in the proliferation period. Furthermore, no advantage was seen when using syngeneic marrow cells. We conclude that in allogeneic long-term marrow cultures hemopoiesis is not limited by immunological incompatibilities.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The effect of decalcified bone matrix on the osteogenic potential of bone marrow.

Rabbit bone marrow cells were cultured in diffusion chambers with or without decalcified bone matrix. The chambers were assayed after 28 days for alkaline phosphatase activity, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), calcium, and phosphorus contents. Morphologically, marrow cells incubated with or without matrix differentiated to form bone and cartilage. With bone matrix, the calcium and phosphorus contents of chambers were significantly higher than control chambers. Alkaline phosphatase activity and DNA content were not influenced by inclusion of bone matrix. These results indicate that bone matrix constituents exert a stimulatory effect on bone formation from marrow cells. This osteogenic stimulation could be due to the influence of an osteoinductive factor and/or to stimulation of osteoprogenitor cells known to be present in the marrow.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Transient methimazole-induced bone marrow aplasia: in vitro evidence for a humoral mechanism of bone marrow suppression.

A patient with methimazole-induced aplastic anemia is described. Despite severe pancytopenia and the complete disappearance of hemopoietic elements from the bone marrow, recovery of hemopoiesis has been observed within 14 days of discontinuing methimazole therapy. In vitro studies of CFU-C inhibition of peripheral mononuclear cells harvested in remission, were performed by incubation with autologous sera collected at earlier phases of the disease. These studies provide evidence in favor of a humoral, and most probably autoimmune mechanism as the cause of transient bone marrow aplasia.

Adult↗