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PubMed2003

Prevention and treatment of common eye injuries in sports.

Sports have become increasingly popular and account for numerous eye injuries each year. The sports that most commonly cause eye injuries, in order of decreasing frequency, are basketball, water sports, baseball, and racquet sports. Sports are classified as low risk, high risk, and very high risk. Sports-related eye injuries are blunt, penetrating, and radiation injuries. The use of eye protection has helped to reduce the number and severity of eye injuries. The American Society for Testing and Materials has established performance standards for selected eyewear. Consultation with an eye care professional is recommended for fitting protective eyewear. The functionally one-eyed, or monocular, athlete should take extra precautions. A preparticipation eye examination is helpful in identifying persons who may be at increased risk for eye injury. Sports-related eye injuries should be evaluated on site with an adequate examination of the eye and adnexa. Minor eye injuries may be treated on site. The team physician must know which injuries require immediate referral to an ophthalmologist and the guidelines for returning an athlete to competition.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New techniques in nutritional surveys and food educational programs: volumetric dietetics for portion size assessment].

Data in literature show that body weight in adults and children seems to be related to portion sizes more than to food choices and people are more reluctant to give up favourite foods than to reduce portions. So several scientific societies in USA have recently emphastzied the need to select appropriate portion sizes. At the same time, studies on cognitive strategies show that the best method to help people to remember how much they eat is visualisation/comparison to tridimensional visual aids. So a new technique for evaluating portion sizes, based on comparison of portions to volume of usual objects (baseball, dice, deck of cards) appeared in the last years, in nutritional surveys and food educational projects. Our team, since 1990, appointed a volumetric assessment based on comparison of foods to the fist, palm, fingers of the examined subject; this system has been experienced with success for a long time both in individual dietetics and in food educational projects or surveys. Since the interest for this new technique is rising, the aim of this review is to introduce the method and to delineate the applications in nutritional surveys or educational projects in national and international literature. This method, simple practical and intelligible, seems to be addressed to a wide development in the future.

Diet↗
PubMed2001

Catastrophic Head Injuries in High School and Collegiate Sports.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence of catastrophic head injuries in a variety of high school and college sports. DESIGN AND SETTING: Data on catastrophic head injuries were compiled in a national surveillance system maintained by the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research. The data were compiled with the assistance of coaches, athletic trainers, athletic directors, executive officers of state and national athletic organizations, a national newspaper clipping service, professional associates of the researchers, and national sport organizations. SUBJECTS: Data included all high school and college athletic programs in the United States. MEASUREMENTS: Background information on the athlete (age, height, weight, experience, previous injury, etc), accident information, immediate and postaccident medical care, type of injury, and equipment involved. Autopsy reports were used when available. RESULTS: A football-related fatality has occurred every year from 1945 through 1999, except for 1990. Head-related deaths accounted for 69% of football fatalities, cervical spinal injuries for 16.3%, and other injuries for 14.7%. High school football produced the greatest number of football head-related deaths. From 1984 through 1999, 69 football head-related injuries resulted in permanent disability. Sixty-three of the injuries were associated with high school football and 6 with college football. Although football has received the most attention, other sports have also been associated with head-related deaths and permanent disability injuries. From 1982 through 1999, 20 deaths and 19 permanent disability injuries occurred in a variety of sports. Track and field, baseball, and cheerleading had the highest incidence of these catastrophic injuries. Three deaths and 3 injuries resulting in permanent disability have occurred in female participants. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS: Reliable data collection systems and continual analysis of the data can help us to reduce the number of catastrophic head-related injuries. I include additional recommendations for injury prevention.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

The significance of the neurovascular structures passing through the spinoglenoid notch.

OBJECTIVE: To define the detailed anatomy of the neurovascular bundle at the spinoglenoid notch and to report the dimensions of these structures in cadavers. METHODS: In the present study, the external diameters of suprascapular artery, vein and nerve were measured at the spinoglenoid notch region in 18 formalin fixed cadavers (36 shoulders) by using a caliper. The study was carried out in the dissection laboratory of Anatomy Departments of Hacettepe University, Ankara University, Ankara and Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey, between 2002 and 2003. RESULTS: The average external diameter for the suprascapular vein was 2.6 mm, artery was 2.2 mm and nerve was 2.2 mm. The spinoglenoid notch was roofed by the spinoglenoid ligament and appeared as a fibroosseous foramen in all cadavers. We found that the vascular structures (suprascapular artery and vein) occupied 68.5% and the suprascapular nerve occupied 31.5% of this foramen. CONCLUSION: Although the diameters of the vascular structures at the spinoglenoid notch measured by magnetic resonance imaging have been reported, to our knowledge, external diameters of these structures at the spinoglenoid notch have not been described in cadavers. We believe that detailed anatomy of suprascapular neurovascular bundle at the spinoglenoid notch should be appreciated for better understanding of risk factors possibly causing the suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome, specially for those who are involved in violent overhead sports activities such as volleyball and baseball.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Sex Differences and the Incidence of Concussions Among Collegiate Athletes.

OBJECTIVE: To compare sex differences regarding the incidence of concussions among collegiate athletes during the 1997-1998, 1998-1999, and 1999-2000 seasons. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cohort study of collegiate athletes using the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance System; certified athletic trainers recorded data during the 1997-2000 academic years. SUBJECTS: Collegiate athletes participating in men's and women's soccer, lacrosse, basketball, softball, baseball, and gymnastics. MEASUREMENTS: Certified athletic trainers from participating NCAA institutions recorded weekly injury and athlete-exposure data from the first day of preseason practice to the final postseason game. Injury rates and incidence density ratios were computed. Incidence density ratio is an estimate of the relative risk based on injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures. RESULTS: Of 14 591 reported injuries, 5.9% were classified as concussions. During the 3-year study, female athletes sustained 167 (3.6%) concussions during practices and 304 (9.5%) concussions during games, compared with male athletes, who sustained 148 (5.2%) concussions during practices and 254 (6.4%) concussions during games. Chi-square analysis revealed significant differences between male and female soccer players (chi(2)(1) = 12.99, P =.05) and basketball players (chi(2)(1) = 5.14, P =.05). CONCLUSIONS: Female athletes sustained a higher percentage of concussions during games than male athletes. Of all the sports, women's soccer and men's lacrosse were found to have the highest injury rate of concussions. Incidence density ratio was greatest for male and female soccer players.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The case of a collar-bone wedge-fracture caused by the impact of safety-belt clasp].

In this study the case of a collar--bone wedge--fracture caused by the impact of safety--belt clasp was described. The presence of wedge--fracture is proof of an active mechanism of injury. This kind of fracture was described in traffic accidents as a Messerer fracture so far. The case of a wedge--fracture of the ulnar caused by impact of a baseball bat was also described. This study proves that Messerer fractures of bones are not characteristic only for long bones but may be connected with other types of bones if only the power of impact is strong enough to cause excessive bending of the bone trunk.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed2004

Skin cancer prevention: children's health education on protection from sun exposure and assessment of its efficiency.

The aim of the study was to assess schoolchildren's knowledge on sun exposure, the peculiarities of behavior in the sun, and the possibility of altering these indicators via education program. The study of the efficiency of the self-designed educational program "Let's know the sun better" included 213 fifth grade pupils (113 boys and 100 girls) from Kaunas city schools; the pupils were differentiated into two groups: the experimental (n=106) and the control (n=107) groups. The method employed was anonymous questionnaire-based inquiry. The data of the inquiry applied before the application of the educational programs showed that schoolchildren's behavior in the sun is careless: 40.4% of the studied schoolchildren experienced severe sunburns; 54.0% of children spend three and more hours on the beaches, most frequently between 11 am and 3 pm. Not all schoolchildren use sun protection measures. Most frequently they only have bathing suits (70.0%), baseball caps (56.8%), and sunglasses (57.7%). Out of the studied schoolchildren 18.8% use sunscreen, but only 7.3% of them know how to use it properly. The second inquiry was performed after the schoolchildren were able to apply the recommendations of the educational program "Let's know the sun better" in practice during the summer. The data of this inquiry showed that the knowledge, attitudes, and the peculiarities of behavior in the sun in the experimental group were better compared to the control group. Significantly more schoolchildren in the experimental group (44.1%), compared to the control group (8.5%), used sunscreens properly (p<0.05) and knew which sunscreen is the most suitable (respectively, 42.3% and 20.6%; p<0.05); in addition to that, the children in the experimental group more frequently wore long-sleeved shirts on the beaches (21.0% and 7.5%, respectively; p<0.05), wide-brimmed sunbonnets (37.1% and 10.4%; p<0.05), and sunglasses (61.9% and 44.3%; p<0.05). The findings of the study proved both the necessity and the efficiency of the prepared educational program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Inferior orbital fissure and groove: axial CT findings and their anatomic variation].

OBJECTIVE: To show imaging findings of inferior orbital fissure (IOF) and groove (IOG) on axial CT scans and to discover their anatomic variations, so as to avoid misdiagnosing them as orbital fracture. METHODS: 25 normal skull were used to investigate the configurations of IOF and IOG. Five skulls were performed axial CT scans. 20 normal orbital axial scans were studied as well. MPR and RT-3D reconstructions were used in this study. RESULTS: Skulls scans and normal orbital images on axial CT showed three sorts of findings: (1) single bony dehiscence between lateral and inferior walls; (2) first type of double bony dehiscence between lateral and inferior walls, among the dehiscence interposing a small bone. The long axis of the small bone was parallel to orbital wall; (3) second type of double bony dehiscence between lateral and inferior walls, but the long axis of the small bone was in anteroposterior direction. Anatomy and variation of three sorts of CT findings were corresponded respectively to: (1) a baseball club-shaped IOF; (2) a "V"-shaped IOF, that is composed of both of lateral and internal ramus, lateral ramus situates between the zygoma and the lateral portion of greater wing of sphenoid, and internal ramus between the maxilla and the internal portion of greater wing of sphenoid, both rami intercross caudally and open upwards in a "V"-shaped configuration; (3) a deep IOG with a protuberant lateral wall. CONCLUSION: Familiarity of imaging features on the axial CT scans and understanding of their anatomy of IOF and IOG would be helpful for avoiding misdiagnosis of orbital fracture.

Cadaver↗
PubMed2004

Development and pilot evaluation of user acceptance of advanced mass-gathering emergency medical services PDA support systems.

The support systems for the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in the mass gatherings, such as the local marathon or the large international baseball games, had been underdeveloped. The purposes for this study were to develop triage-based EMS Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) support systems for the mass-gatherings and to evaluate users' perceived ease of use and usefulness of the systems in terms of Davis' Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The systems were developed based on an established intelligent triage PDA support system and two other forms-the general EMS form from the Taipei EMT and the customer-made Mass Gathering Medical form used by a medical center. 23 nurses and 6 physicians in the medical center, who had ever served in the mass gatherings, were invited to examine the new systems and answered the TAM questionnaire. The results showed that the PDA systems included as many 450 information items inside 42 screens under 6 categories and the great potential of using triage-based PDA systems in the mass gatherings. Overall, most of the subjects agreed with that the systems were easy to use and useful for the mass gatherings, and they were willing to accept the systems.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Functional Fatigue Decreases 3-Dimensional Multijoint Position Reproduction Acuity in the Overhead-Throwing Athlete.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of functional fatigue on active multijoint position reproduction in overhead-throwing athletes. DESIGN AND SETTING: A standard, repeated-measures, randomized-ordered, counterbalanced, 2-period (crossover) design was used. During the first test session, we randomly assigned subjects to either the nonfatigue or fatigue condition. Subjects underwent pretest measurements and then either a functional fatigue protocol or rest period, followed by posttest measurements. After a recovery period, subjects crossed over to the opposing condition for the second testing session. SUBJECTS: Thirteen overhead-throwing athletes competing in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I or club baseball, with no history of upper extremity or central nervous system disorders, volunteered for this study. MEASUREMENTS: We measured active multijoint position reproduction accuracy in 3 dimensions using an electromagnetic tracking device. We noted each subject's ability to reproduce 3 positions corresponding with distinct moments of his throwing motion. A variable error score was calculated to compare the locations of the reproduced points with reference to the target point. RESULTS: A significant difference occurred between the pretest and posttest error scores in the fatigue condition. Comparisons between positions indicated that more errors were seen in the arm-cocked position than in the follow-through position under both fatigue and nonfatigue conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Functional fatigue decreased joint position sense acuity in overhead-throwing athletes. Our findings using this novel testing measurement method are in agreement with past research, with one exception. The trend toward higher error scores in the arm-cocked position would appear to contradict findings that sensorimotor system acuity increases toward end ranges of motion.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

How to play to your strengths.

Most feedback accentuates the negative. During formal employee evaluations, discussions invariably focus on "opportunities for improvement," even if the overall evaluation is laudatory. No wonder most executives--and their direct reports--dread them. Traditional, corrective feedback has its place, of course; every organization must filter out failing employees and ensure that everyone performs at an expected level of competence. But too much emphasis on problem areas prevents companies from reaping the best from their people. After all, it's a rare baseball player who is equally good at every position. Why should a natural third baseman labor to develop his skills as a right fielder? This article presents a tool to help you understand and leverage your strengths. Called the Reflected Best Self (RBS) exercise, it offers a unique feedback experience that counterbalances negative input. It allows you to tap into talents you may or may not be aware of and so increase your career potential. To begin the RBS exercise, you first need to solicit comments from family, friends, colleagues, and teachers, asking them to give specific examples of times in which those strengths were particularly beneficial. Next, you need to search for common themes in the feedback, organizing them in a table to develop a clear picture of your strong suits. Third, you must write a self-portrait--a description of yourself that summarizes and distills the accumulated information. And finally, you need to redesign your personal job description to build on what you're good at. The RBS exercise will help you discover who you are at the top of your game. Once you're aware of your best self, you can shape the positions you choose to play--both now and in the next phase of your career.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medical practice branding using cable television.

Genesis Medical Associates is an independent primary care practice in the suburbs of Pittsburgh. Given competitive pressures, a member of the physician leadership began thinking about the need for the practice to develop an "identity and awareness" program to set the practice apart from the competition. The idea for branding the campaign began when Dr. Rob Potter, Jr., was attending a Pittsburgh Pirates baseball game and a fan said to him, "You're that doctor I see on television" in the nursing home commercial. Triggered by this experience, Potter saw the opportunity to develop an awareness and identity campaign for Genesis. In this article we share the reasons for, the steps taken, and initial results in developing a medical practice branding strategy.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reaching out in many directions: the fight against prostate cancer.

The National Prostate Cancer Coalition, Washington, D.C., reaches out to men across the country with its travelling screening van. It also reaches a audience through promotions with NASCAR, the National Baseball League, and Spike TV. Its partnerships and lobbying efforts have resulted in this year's unprecedented 500 million dollars federal funding of prostate cancer research.

Health Promotion↗
PubMed2005

"Smallball" evaluation: a prescription for studying community-based information interventions.

OBJECTIVES: This paper argues that focused evaluation studies of community-based informational interventions conducted over the life-cycle of the project ("smallball" studies) are more informative and useful than randomized experiments conducted only at the project's conclusion ("powerball" studies). METHOD: Based on two contrasting strategies in baseball, smallball and powerball studies are compared and contrasted, emphasizing how the distinctive features of community-based interventions lend advantage to smallball approaches. RESULTS: Smallball evaluations have several important advantages over powerball evaluations: before system development, they ensure that information resources address real community needs; during deployment, they ensure that the systems are suited to the capabilities of the users and to community constraints; and, after deployment, they enable as much as possible to be learned about the effects of the intervention in environments where randomized studies are usually impossible. IMPLICATIONS: Many in informatics see powerball studies as the only legitimate form of evaluation and so expect powerball studies to be done. These expectations should be revised in favor of smallball studies.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed2005

[A case of retroperitoneal schwannoma of the vagus nerve].

Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors that originate from any anatomical site. Most schwannomas occur in the head, neck or limbs, but rarely occur in the retroperitoneal space. Furthermore, the schwannoma originating from the vagus nerve of retroperitoneal space is much rare. We experienced a case of retroperitoneal schwannoma of the vagus nerve. A 34-year-old male was referred to our hospital for the evaluation of abdominal mass on ultrasonography. Endoscopic examination revealed submucosal tumor-like lesion on high body of the stomach. Computed tomography (CT) revealed that the stomach was compressed by a solid tumor in the retroperitoneum. On exploratory laparotomy, this mass turned out to be a baseball sized mass in the retroperitoneal space. The mass was excised in an encapsulated state. Histological examination with immunohistochemical stains revealed a schwannoma of the vagus nerve.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on shoulder range of motion in overhand athletes.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the contract-relax-contract (CRC) and hold-relax-contract (HRC) proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching programs against a control, on external range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder in apparently healthy athletes. METHODS: The subjects were male and female adults between the ages of 25 to 50 years old. Subjects also had been involved in at least one overhand throwing sport (tennis, baseball, quarterback in football, etc.) in the past year. There were 30 participants whom were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups (CRC PNF, HRC PNF, control) with 10 subjects per group. Measurement of ROM for external rotation of the shoulder was performed prior to and after 6 weeks of training using a goniometer. The CRC and HRC PNF stretches were performed on subjects twice a week for 6 weeks. The statistical analysis conducted involved a 3x2 analysis of variance with the criteria for statistical significance set at p<0.05. Post hoc testing included paired t-tests and Tukey tests to pinpoint significant differences relative to the interaction between group and time. RESULTS: There was an increase in ROM from pretest to post-test for the HRC group (+13.50 degrees) and CRC group (+14.60 degrees), but not in the control group (+0.30 degrees). The improvement in ROM however, was similar between the HRC and CRC groups. CONCLUSIONS: The CRC and HRC PNF stretching techniques are effective at increasing external shoulder ROM when consistently performed 2 times a week for 6 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Suprascapular neuropathy in a collegiate pitcher.

A healthy, 20-year-old, highly competitive collegiate baseball pitcher developed vague pain and soreness in the dominant posterior shoulder with live pitching. The symptoms intensified, and, after a particularly poor starting performance, the athlete presented for physical examination. Examination revealed visible atrophy of the infraspinatus muscle and decreased strength in external rotation and abduction. Magnetic Resonance Imaging was inconclusive. Electromyographic examination revealed decreased suprascapular nerve conduction to the infraspinatus muscle. Our diagnosis was entrapment neuropathy from traction on the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch, causing delayed conduction to the infraspinatus muscle. We took a conservative approach of shoulder rehabilitation and activity modification, which resulted in the athlete returning to a highly competitive level without further problems, despite the remaining atrophy and muscle weakness. Examination of injuries to the shoulder complex, especially in athletes involved in repetitive overhead motions, should take suprascapular neuropathy into consideration.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Concerns on little league elbow.

Little League elbow is a common overuse injury that will become more prevalent as more youths participate in baseball programs and other sports that involve overhead arm activities. The condition is highly treatable if diagnosed early in its development. Symptoms such as swelling and limited range of motion usually indicate an advanced overuse condition. Prevention and treatment should emphasize education of athletes, parents, and coaches about coaches about its etiology. Factors involved are proper pitching mechanics, stretching and strengthening programs, improving early recognition, and, most importantly, limiting the number of pitches thrown daily.

Journal Article↗