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PubMed1997

[Evaluation by bioelectric impedance of body fluid compartments and body mass in cardiosurgical patients before and after total cardiopulmonary bypass].

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the influence of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) on fluid compartments and body mass using impedance measurements. METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 20 consecutive patients undergoing ECC during heart surgery at the Department of Heart Surgery of Verona Hospital. Resistance or reactance measurements at 1-5-10-50-100 KHz were performed in 20 patients undergoing heart surgery for valvular or coronary pathologies in class NYHA I or II, preoperatively and on day 1, 3 and 6 in order to evaluate total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), thin and fat body mass. Weight, fluid-electrolytic balance and hematochemical parameters relating to electrochemical phenomena and the distribution of volumes in the various compartments, namely sodium, potassium and plasmatic osmolarity, were measured at the same times. Comparisons were made both between the data and during ECC. RESULTS: It was found that there was a mean postoperative weight gain of 2 kg in terms of total body water. Subsequently, this finding tended to decrease to basal values by day 6. Immediately after ECC, the water gain appeared to be predominantly extracellular, whereas the intracellular increase peaked on day 1. The change in total body water was correlated with the weight and fluid balance, but electrical measurements showed values above the corresponding weight gain. The duration of ECC was significantly correlated with bioelectric parameters, but not with absolute weight values. CONCLUSIONS: The method proved useful for the purpose, especially with regard to the overall population examined rather than individual patients. The dual-compartment electric model appears to be more suitable than the single-compartment model for exploring the different compartments. The trend of weight and total body water, which were correlated in pattern but not in absolute values, may be interpreted as a redistribution of fluids, also suggested by changes in electric parameters relating to compartmental distribution.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Balance of magnesium and iron and their content in tissues and body fluids of rats after supplementation with magnesium carbonate].

Effect of magnesium on iron and magnesium metabolism in rats were investigated. 96 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups received 2.5; 5.0 and 10.0 mg magnesium daily per kg of body weight--dissolved in 2%--solution of arabic gum (tests groups) or clear 2%--solution of arabic gum (test group) for 4 weeks and the next 4 weeks without supplements. Iron concentrations increased in the brain and kidney of the experimental rats, but decreased in the spleen, intestine and liver (2 and 4 weeks only) also in the heart and femur (only 8 week). Percentage of iron retention decreased during the whole experiment. Magnesium concentrations increased in the spleen, liver and intestine of rats. It was shown that at 8 weeks of experiment the magnesium level of heart and femur decreased (only groups received 2.5 mg and 5.0 mg Mg/kg b.w./24 h), but in group received 10.0 mg Mg/kg b.w./24 h increased for all experiment. The apparent retention of magnesium increased in start of the experiment. This results show that oral magnesium supplementation disturbs metabolism of these elements, especially balance of iron.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Inhibition of thick ascending limb Na+-K+-ATPase activity in salt-loaded rats by furosemide.

To evaluate the role of increased thick ascending limb Na+-K+-ATPase activity in rats undergoing hypertonic salt loading, the following groups of rats were studied: 1) control rats, 2) rats receiving an oral hypertonic Na load for 7 days, and 3) rats receiving the same oral Na load as in group 2 plus a daily injection of 10 mg/100 g of furosemide ip for 7 days. Salt loading (group 2) was associated with increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and hence an increased filtered load of sodium. Plasma aldosterone levels were markedly decreased. Na+-K+-ATPase was unchanged in the proximal tubule [convoluted (PC) and straight (PS)], increased in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop [outer medullary (OMTAL) and cortical (CTAL)] and decreased in the distal nephron [distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and cortical collecting duct (CCD)]. The renal corticomedullary gradient of solutes was markedly increased in the salt-loaded group. Salt loading plus furosemide for 7 days (group 3) was associated with severe dehydration and hypernatremia. GFR as well as plasma aldosterone levels were unchanged compared with control. Na+-K+-ATPase was significantly increased in the proximal tubule (PC and PS), markedly decreased in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (OMTAL and CTAL), increased in the DCT and unchanged in the CCD. The increase in the corticomedullary gradient caused by salt loading per se was abolished by treatment of salt-loaded rats with furosemide. These results indicate that treatment with furosemide prevents the preservation of water balance and of normal body fluid tonicity in rats undergoing hypertonic Na loading.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Withdrawal of salt supplementation from adrenalectomized Wistar rats distinguishes between those animals with, and those without, adrenocortical insufficiency.

The effects of replacing a 1% NaCl drinking solution with Na+-free water for 2 days on body weight and fluid and electrolyte balances were studied in adrenalectomized and sham-operated rats. Eight weeks after operation, after the animals had been drinking Na+-free water for 2 days, some adrenalectomized animals (about 75%; designated group experienced body weight losses which were outside the 99% confidence limits for the sham-operated rats (-9.2 to +5.3 g) whereas the remainder (designated group 2) were indistinguishable from the controls. The body weight loss in group 1 was associated with negative fluid, Na+ and K+ balances. In group 2 rats, fluid balance was maintained as well as in the sham-operated rats, but their handling of Na+ and K+ was different. In a separate experiment, plasma aldosterone, corticosterone, catecholamine and solute concentrations were measured in adrenalectomized rats from groups 1 and 2 (selected on the basis of body weight loss whilst drinking Na+-free water) and sham-operated rats, after drinking Na+-free water for 2 days. In group 1 animals, plasma aldosterone levels were unmeasurable and corticosterone was extremely low (less than 5% of controls). In group 2, aldosterone was measurable but low, and corticosterone was higher than in group 1 but lower than in sham-operated rats. In line with these findings, animals in group 1, but not those in group 2, were hyponatraemic and hyperkalaemic. These results are consistent with the activation of latent adrenocortical tissue in the group 2 animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenal Insufficiency↗