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PubMed1991

Cook-Medley hostility, anger, and the Type A behavior pattern in Finland.

According to research, hostility is a reliable predictor of coronary heart disease. Cook-Medley-defined hostility in particular has been seen as a significant precursor of coronary disease. It is important to specify the kind of hostility measured by the Cook-Medley scale. The present study examined the construct validity of the Cook-Medley scale for a sample of 219 university students in Finland, a country with a high incidence of coronary heart disease. The results supported the interpretation of the Cook-Medley scale primarily as a measure of cynicism and distrust. On the basis of our previous research, a subscale of the Cook-Medley scale was formed. This 9-item scale, a measure of Cynical Distrust, correlated positively with cynicism and negatively with trust. Moreover, the over-all pattern of correlations between the new 9-item factor, cynical distrust, and other variables assessing hostility, anger, and trust, was similar to the one obtained for our previous sample of students. It is suggested that this new 9-item scale is a shorter and more specific alternative to the longer Cook-Medley scale as a measure of cynical distrust.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The relationship between self-monitored aggression and the MMPI-2 F, 4, 9 composite and anger content scale scores.

Undergraduates, 47 men and 79 women, took the MMPI-2 and self-monitored their aggressive acting out for one week. As expected, the MMPI composite score for F, 4, 9 and the anger content scale were correlated positively with monitored aggressive acting out, particularly for men. However, the magnitude of the correlations was slight, indicating it would be inappropriate to use them to make critical judgments regarding aggressive acting out with this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Management of anger and its effect on incarcerated assaultive and nonassaultive offenders.

Scores of inmates who had been incarcerated for assaultive offenses, property offenses, or a combination of offenses were compared on personality and intelligence inventories. Anger-management programming was given to 57 male offenders two hours per week over five weeks. Self-esteem, anxiety, and aggression, measured before and after the program, showed significant differences.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Serum cholesterol and perception of anger and sadness.

Analysis of cholesterol levels in 34 forensic patients indicated significant associations with measures of the patients' perceptions of the emotional content in auditory stimuli. In particular, patients with low cholesterol showed hypersensitivity in the detection of anger and sadness. The authors hypothesize the involvement of serotonin in the hypersensitivity effects. Organicity and age were ruled out as contributing factors.

Aggression↗
PubMed1997

Anger management training in prison inmates.

Inflicting harm on others after a perceived wrong is called revenge and has been implicated in a wide range of criminal and antisocial behaviors. Revenge is defined as a retaliatory act and may be ruled out when antecedent to instrumental aggression if hurting someone is secondary to the primary goal of acquisition. Revenge is considered the impetus for reactive aggression, however, if the primary goal is to hurt someone. 26 male inmates were chosen for training in anger management using cognitive behavioral methods. Selection of inmates was based on their history of reactive aggression. As predicted, inmates showed a significant reduction in posttest scores on the Vengeance scale.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Toward the content validity of premenstrual dysphoric disorder: do anger and irritability more than depressed mood represent treatment-seekers' experiences?

The content validity of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) has been questioned in the literature. We tested whether mood-related symptoms reported by 26 women seeking treatment for premenstrual disorders were among the proposed criteria. These women were asked to list their premenstrual symptoms and rate the severities of listed symptoms daily for two menstrual cycles before treatment. They completed semistructured interviews to differentiate symptoms of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder from those of other psychiatric disorders in women who had other disorders. All participants reported functional interference due to the symptoms. 19 symptoms of or similar to those of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder were among the 22 most frequent premenstrual symptoms experienced. Premenstrual depressed mood was less frequent than premenstrual irritability or anger when other psychiatric disorders such as major depression were taken into account. Results suggest that the DSM-IV-TR criteria have generally good content validity but may need revision to represent treatment-seekers experiences more accurately.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Sex differences in relationships among anger, depression, and coping strategies of Japanese students.

This study investigated sex differences in the relationships among an ger, depression, and coping strategies. Undergraduate students, 77 men and 130 women, 3 not identified by sex, voluntarily participated. Participants made ratings on a self-report about anger, depression, coping strategies, and mental health. Analyses showed that women who reported themselves as angry tended to cope with stress by optimistic and active strategies, while women who reported themselves as depressed tended to cope with stress by withdrawn and passive strategies. Men who reported being depressed tended to select emotion-focused cognitive coping, while men who reported being angry selected no specific coping. Adoption of engaged emotion focused coping strategies were related to mental health only for women.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Suppression of anger and gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia.

Psychologic distress and gastric motor dysfunction have both been implicated in the pathogenesis of functional (non-ulcer) dyspepsia (FD). This study assesses the association between psychologic factors and gastric emptying in 28 FD patients. Subjects completed an extensive range of psychologic questionnaires and underwent dual-isotope scintigraphic assessment of solid and liquid gastric emptying. Attempts to resist, control, suppress, and hold in anger, to adopt a fighting spirit whilst dealing with chronic stressors, and manifest unhappiness were predictors of prolonged gastric emptying. These findings suggest that psychologic factors may be important in the aetiology of gastric stasis and subsequent upper gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

An anger management programme for adults with learning disabilities.

Speech and language therapy aims to increase the functional communication of adults with learning disabilities through the implementation of interaction group programmes but the full therapeutic benefit may be reduced because of individual clients' presenting challenging behaviours. The pilot Anger Management Programme aimed to reduce clients' challenging behaviour through increased communication use and with a focus on multidisciplinary collaborative NHS health trust and social work team working practices. An in-service training package and two client-group programmes were devised and positively received both from a client provision and multidisciplinary skill-merge perspective. The paper details the introduction to the study, its objectives, methodology and qualitative analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Turn it around: short-term management for aggression and anger.

1. Although nurses are at considerable risk for assaults, there are few practical and specific guidelines for controlling anger and aggression. 2. A training course was developed to give staff the necessary skills and knowledge to cope with clients who have the potential to become angry and assaultive, or those who have already become violent. 3. Participants in the training course felt more confident in managing potentially violent situations, and they reported relying on methods to de-escalate the situation to halt a sequence that would ultimately lead to violence.

Aggression↗
PubMed1994

Dealing with depression & anger: reactions of family caregivers.

Family caregivers are the second victims of Alzheimer's disease, often bearing physical, financial, and emotional burdens of which their loved one cannot conceive. These burdens naturally lead to anger, guilt, loneliness, and depression for caregivers. Professional caregivers are in a position to support the families and ease their anxieties.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physician anger--Part 1. Changing perception: an interview with Charles E. Dwyer, PhD. Interview by Richard L. Reece.

On January 21, Richard Reece, MD, interviewed Charles E. Dwyer, PhD, to talk about solutions for changing the perceptions of today's beleaguered physicians. He discusses the state of affairs of physician executives in this turbulent industry and how they need to move beyond their thinking about organizations and their current responses to change. The key, Dwyer emphasizes, is influencing people to do what you want them to do. "If you want somebody to do something other than what they are doing now, then you must bring them to perceive that what you want them to do is better than what they are doing now in terms of what is important to them." He also explores how physicians can change their responses to the health care environment: "You can actually decide how you are going to respond conceptually, emotionally, and behaviorally to anything that happens in your life." Part 2 of this interview will appear in the upcoming May/June issue and will provide hands-on strategies for dealing with physician anger, fear, and resentment.

Anger↗
PubMed1999

Managing anger and aggression in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Posttraumatic stress disorder was categorized as a clinical entity in 1980 in response to assertions by trauma survivors (particularly Vietnam veterans) and their clinicians that existing diagnostic categories failed to adequately describe their symptoms. The diagnostic features of the current DSM-IV diagnosis have been expanded, and the concept of the disorder is still evolving. Posttraumatic stress disorder rarely occurs in "pure" form, and individuals suffering from the disorder commonly meet criteria for Axis I and Axis II disorders. Research is now emerging that supports the prevalence of aggression in posttraumatic stress disorder. Treatment approaches vary, but pharmacotherapy aimed at targeting individual symptoms or clusters can promote mood stabilization. This article discusses the evolving concept of posttraumatic stress disorder as a clinical entity, the association of anger and aggression with the disorder, and the psychopharmacologic approaches to treatment.

Aggression↗
PubMed2000

Life stress, anger and anxiety, and delinquency: an empirical test of general strain theory.

General strain theory (Agnew 1992) departs from traditional strain theories by emphasizing the role of the individual's affective responses to negative life experiences in fostering deviant behavior. In this analysis, we examine the central hypotheses of general strain theory using data from a three-wave panel study of high school youths in the Boston metropolitan area (N = 939). Covariance structure models reveal that anger and hostility in response to negative life events do play a causal role in fostering more aggressive forms of delinquency, but are not significantly related to either nonaggressive delinquency or marijuana use. Furthermore, the conditional effects predicted by general strain theory, in which the impact of strain on delinquency varies by youths' personal and social resources, are inconsistent. Discussion centers on the prospect of increasing the utility of general strain theory by further imbuing it with concepts and perspectives from the sociology of mental illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Fear, anger and compulsive behavior during seizure: involvement of large scale fronto-temporal neural networks.

UNLABELLED: Seizure-related, abnormal affective and gestural behavior may involve some of the same processes as those underlying non-pathological behavior, but their mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this report, we studied a patient in whom seizures initially involved the medial temporal region before involving the frontal cortex. Seizure semiology of the second part of the seizure included marked emotional disturbances (dominated by intense fear and anger) and compulsive behavior to bite into something. This patient underwent presurgical evaluation including intracerebral electroencephalographic recordings (SEEG, stereoelectroencephalography). METHODS: In addition to SEEG examination, we used coherence analysis of signals as a means of studying functional coupling between different regions of the brain. Two seizures were studied. Coherence values from different periods of interest were compared to identify the neural structures involved at the onset of seizure activity as well as during the emotional behavioral changes. RESULTS: A first network of neural structures was identified within the right anterior temporal regions (amygdala, temporal pole, hippocampus, temporal neocortex). At the time of intense affective and compulsive changes, and by comparison with the first ictal period, a second network was identified characterized by significant functional coupling between the amygdala, the orbito-frontal structures and the frontal opercular region, while a decrease in functional coupling between these regions and the dorsolateral region and the cingulate gyrus was apparent. CONCLUSION: This study show that the emergence of an intense affective and behavioral state during a temporal lobe seizure could be related to the involvement of a network of structures including the anterior temporal lobe and the orbito-frontal cortex. The decrease of coupling between these regions and the lateral prefrontal and cingulate regions could also participate in these phenomena.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dealing with anger and preventing workplace violence.

Human resources managers have reported increased violence (1) stating it can happen anywhere (2). One million workers are assaulted each year (3), and in some years more than 1,000 workers have been killed (4). Almost 25% of workplace violence incidences occur in the health-care industry (5). Women commit nearly one fourth of all threats or attacks (6). Have you ever gotten angry at work? Have you ever had to deal with an angry patient or coworker? Has there been any violence where you work? The key to preventing workplace violence is to deal with anger and recognize and handle suspicious behavior before it turns violent.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1990

Adolescent anger.

Adolescent hostility, resentment, blame, and reproach are dynamically determined and serve important defensive, alloplastic, and restitutional aims. The author examines how these negative affects, the accompanying victim role, and oppositional defiance enable angry adolescents to defend against depression and loss, to demand nurturance from others, to protect their precarious inner autonomy, and to undo their humiliation and shame by vengeance and reversal. The author suggests that adolescent anger arises from an underlying wish to coerce objects into providing all-giving restitution for losses and narcissistic injuries, not necessarily from a wish to sadistically or enviously destroy them.

Adolescent↗