Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Adolescent Development”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed2026

Association of media use with sleep of children and adolescents: an umbrella review.

Adequate sleep is essential for child and adolescent development, driving extensive research across scientific disciplines. This umbrella review provides a comprehensive overview of existing evidence on media consumption and sleep and thereby lays the foundation for identifying key concepts and gaps. An inclusive systematic search for reviews reporting literature searches was conducted in 02/2021 and updated last in 09/2024. Methodological quality of the included reviews was assessed using AMSTAR-2. We included 84 reviews reporting on the association between media use and sleep in individuals aged 0-18 years. The field is dominated by reviews of low methodological quality, mainly including original cross-sectional studies with subjective measures in older children and adolescents. A total of 475 original articles were covered by the reviews; only 10 of them appeared in at least seven and at most nine reviews. Screen time generally had a negative impact on sleep, though evidence varied from very low to strong. Evidence for effects of conventional books on sleep remains inconclusive. High quality systematic reviews are needed to evaluate robust studies using objective measures of sleep and contemporary media use across all age groups up to adolescence and to explore the impact of non-digital media use on sleep, considering age and gender differences.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Strategies to promote better outcomes in young people with chronic illnesses.

INTRODUCTION: This paper aims to provide an overview of chronic illness and disability in young people, focusing on the developmental needs of young people and the impact of chronic illness on adolescence. The emotional well-being of the young person with chronic illness is explored and strategies that promote better health outcomes for the young person through health, family and school settings are discussed. METHODS: Literature was searched using Medline from 1980 to 2002 using the keywords chronic illness, chronic disease, disability, psychological, social, outcomes and transition. Articles were also hand searched from retrieved articles. CONCLUSIONS: Young people with chronic illness have the same developmental needs as other adolescents. Traditional health care is focused on disease outcomes; however, young people do not necessarily share the same focus. Improving health outcomes for young people involves health professionals having an understanding of adolescent development and broadening the medical perspective to incorporate the developmental perspective. Building competence in young people with chronic illness, strengthening connectedness within the family, school and peer group and building the capacity of the health care team in different settings will provide opportunities to enhance resilience in young people with chronic illness. In doing so, their health outcomes will hopefully also be improved.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Smart teens don't have sex (or kiss much either).

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between an intelligence measure and a wide spectrum of partnered sexual activity ranging from holding hands to sexual intercourse among adolescents. METHOD: Analyses are based on two separate samples of adolescents. The core sample of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) includes approximately 12,000 adolescents enrolled in the 7th to 12th grades. The Biosocial Factors in Adolescent Development projects followed approximately 100 white males and 200 black and white females over 3- and 2-year periods, respectively. Both studies used the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) as an intelligence measure, and confidential self-reports of sexual activity. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between PPVT scores and coital status in Add Health data; proportional hazard models were used to examine the timing of initiation of noncoital and coital activities as a function of PPVT scores in the Biosocial Factors sample. RESULTS: Controlling for age, physical maturity, and mother's education, a significant curvilinear relationship between intelligence and coital status was demonstrated; adolescents at the upper and lower ends of the intelligence distribution were less likely to have sex. Higher intelligence was also associated with postponement of the initiation of the full range of partnered sexual activities. An expanded model incorporating a variety of control and mediator variables was tested to identify mechanisms by which the relationship operates. CONCLUSIONS: Higher intelligence operates as a protective factor against early sexual activity during adolescence, and lower intelligence, to a point, is a risk factor. More systematic investigation of the implications of individual differences in cognitive abilities for sexual activities and of the processes that underlie those activities is warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Institutionalized disabled adolescents: gynecologic care. The pediatrician's role.

Severely handicapped and institutionalized teenage girls have a variety of gynecologic problems that can be readily addressed by a physician with an interest in adolescent medicine who makes "home visits" to the institutions. Disabled teens are a unique group of adolescents whose needs intersect with those of normal teens. Educating and listening to the caretakers, who can then prepare the patients, is essential. Key topics include menses and menstrual calendars, adolescent development, the pelvic examination, and contraception. The clinical problems most frequently encountered are vaginal discharge, menstrual cycle dysfunction, and oligomenorrhea. Basic on-site management is described. In this population, severe chronic illness and subnormal weights for age are not necessarily associated with secondary amenorrhea. Patients, parents, and staff are satisfied when gynecologic needs are met in an empathetic and thorough fashion. A list of educational resources is appended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Integration of a suicide risk assessment and intervention approach: the perspective of youth.

The process of suicide risk assessment is often a challenge for mental health nurses, especially when working with an adolescent population. Adolescents who are struggling with particular problems, stressors and life events may exhibit challenging and self-harm behaviour as a means of communication or a way of coping. Current literature provides limited exploration of the effects of loss, separation and divorce, blended families, conflict and abuse on child and adolescent development and the increased vulnerability of at-risk youth. There is also limited research that provides clear and practical models for the assessment and management of youth suicidal ideation and behaviour. This paper will discuss the integration of a number of theories to establish a comprehensive assessment of risk. The research study described the perspective of youth and their families who had experienced this particular model; however, this paper will discuss only the youth perspective. In order for this model to be successful, it is important for mental health nurses to make a connection with the youth and begin to understand the self-harm behaviour in context of the adolescents' family, and their social and school experiences. It also requires recognition that adolescents with challenging and self-harm behaviour are hurting and troubled adolescents with hurtful and troublesome behaviour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Romance with the automobile in the 20th century: implications for adolescents in a new millennium.

Nearly three-fourths of deaths among American adolescents and young adults result from only four causes: motor vehicle accidents, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Thirty percent of those deaths result from motor vehicle accidents, the number one cause of death among adolescents. A number of factors that influence the morbidity and mortality are associated with driving. Compared to other countries, it is easier for American adolescent to obtain a relatively inexpensive license and gain access to a car. For the young driver, adolescent development and increased risk taking, inexperience, dangerous driving behavior, and alcohol-related factors are of special significance. In this article, we review recent crash statistics as well as effectiveness of various preventive measures, including driver education, graduated licensing, alcohol-related measures, and vehicle-related factors. Graduated licensing and alcohol-related measures have been the most effective measures so far.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1980

Corticosteroids and malnutrition. Aspergillus lung abscess in an asthmatic child.

An adolescent developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in the limited form of a lung abscess. She had a weak immunologic response to the infection. Her depressed immunity was the result of prolonged corticosteroid therapy, compounded by malnutrition. In spite of this and other complications of corticosteroids, she made a full recovery from the fungal infection following treatment with amphotericin B and surgical excision of the lung abscess.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Regulation of rabbit erythrocyte Ca(2+)-pump sensitivity to calmodulin in experimental hyperlipidemia.

Intracellular free calcium activity is in part determined by a calmodulin-regulated plasma membrane Ca(2+)-pump. Since changes in Ca2+ permeability have been implicated in atherosclerotic plaque formation, we initiated a lipid hyperalimentation protocol during which we measured various erythrocyte calcium flux parameters and early atheroma development. Adolescent New Zealand White rabbits were fed a diet with 0.5% cholesterol and 2.5% lard over a 3-month period. Plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerols increased on average 18.7- and 13.9-fold respectively, while erythrocyte membrane cholesterol content decreased 18% and total phospholipids by 54%. After 3 months of lipid hyperalimentation, 22% of the aortic arch was covered with large, early-stage, raised atheroma. Basal and calmodulin-activated (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activities in erythrocyte membranes increased by 31% and 123%, respectively at 2 months, with a concomitant increase in calmodulin affinity (Km) from 15.6 to 4.2 nM. These differences were transient on account of changes in the control animals which exhibited a slowly developing sensitivity to calmodulin during maturation. Basal Ca2+ transport and passive Ca2+ permeability increased about 7-fold during the hyperlipidemic phase. This suggests that overt hyperlipidemia, leading to atherosclerotic plaque development, alters plasma membrane Ca2+ regulatory mechanisms including passive Ca2+ permeability. The changes in enzymatic function, membrane composition, and Ca2+ permeability seen in this red cell model system may be a reflection of early changes in cells that are directly involved in the development of atherosclerotic plaques.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Transparent criteria for specialist level adolescent psychiatric care.

BACKGROUND: Rising health care costs and long waiting lists pose a challenge to public specialist level health services. In Finland, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health required all medical specialities to create a priority-rating tool for elective patients, preferably giving a numerical rating ranging 0-100, with 50 as an entry threshold. OBJECTIVE: To create and test the psychometric properties of a point-count measure for prioritising entry to public specialist level adolescent psychiatric services. METHOD: Around 710 referred adolescents were given ratings on 17 items focusing on symptom severity, problem behaviours, functioning, progress of adolescent development and prognosis. The structured ratings were compared to an overall assessment of need for treatment on a VAS scale. In order to ensure that the tool was not inappropriately sensitive to confounding by non-disturbance related factors, the associations between the structured priority rating and sex, age, referring agent, study site and diagnosis were analysed. RESULTS: Of the 17 items, 15 were included in the final priority-rating tool. The requirement than threshold score for entry to services being set at 50 points necessitated scoring factors rather than individual items. Four blocks of items were formed: symptoms and risks; impaired functioning; other relevant issues, and prognosis without specialist level treatment. Most of the referred adolescents scored over the threshold of 50. When diagnosis was controlled for, scoring over 50 was largely independent of age, sex, referring agent or study site. CONCLUSION: The structured priority ratings corresponded well with clinical global rating of need for care. The tool was not inappropriately sensitive to age, sex, referring agent or study site. In the future, follow-up studies will be needed to evaluate the predictive value of priority ratings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A preliminary DTI study showing no brain structural change associated with adolescent cannabis use.

Analyses were performed on brain MRI scans from individuals who were frequent cannabis users (N = 10; 9 males, 1 female, mean age 21.1 +/- 2.9, range: 18-27) in adolescence and similar age and sex matched young adults who never used cannabis (N = 10; 9 males, 1 female, mean age of 23.0 +/- 4.4, range: 17-30). Cerebral atrophy and white matter integrity were determined using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to quantify the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the fractional anisotropy (FA). Whole brain volumes, lateral ventricular volumes, and gray matter volumes of the amygdala-hippocampal complex, superior temporal gyrus, and entire temporal lobes (excluding the amygdala-hippocampal complex) were also measured. While differences existed between groups, no pattern consistent with evidence of cerebral atrophy or loss of white matter integrity was detected. It is concluded that frequent cannabis use is unlikely to be neurotoxic to the normal developing adolescent brain.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: U.S. normative data and psychometric properties.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in a U.S. national population sample of children and adolescents, develop normative scoring bands, and test the association of high-scoring groups with service contacts or use for mental health reasons. METHOD: An Americanized version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire parent report was administered to parents of 10,367 4- to 17 -year-olds in the 2001 National Health Interview Survey. Scoring bands were developed to differentiate low, medium, and high levels of emotional or behavioral difficulties. Children at high risk of serious difficulties were identified by three different scoring methods: (1) high symptom scores, (2) parental perception of definite or severe difficulties, and (3) high symptoms plus impairment. These ratings were validated against service contact or use and other well-established demographic and broader risk factors for child emotional and behavioral problems. RESULTS: Results indicated good acceptability and internal consistency. Normative scoring bands were similar, though not identical, to the original British bands. Results of each scoring method had a strong association with service contact/use. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the usefulness of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as an effective and efficient screener for child and adolescent mental health problems in the United States.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Femoral head avascular necrosis associated with intramedullary nailing in an adolescent.

An adolescent developed avascular necrosis of the femoral head after intramedullary nailing for a femoral diaphyseal fracture. This complication is most likely secondary to injury to the posterior superior ascending branch of the medial circumflex artery at the time of rod insertion. This artery is situated close to the proximal insertion hole just posterior to the trochanteric notch and piriformis fossa. Other methods of fracture treatment, either operative or nonoperative, should be considered in skeletally immature patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Use of factor IX concentrates in active teenagers with hemophilia B.

This paper addresses issues specific to the treatment of teenagers with hemophilia B. All teenagers, including those with hemophilia, are at high risk of being exposed to accident-related trauma because of activities inherent within normal adolescent development. To reduce the impact of recurrent joint bleeds, studies have shown that prophylaxis should be started at an early age, with treatment individualized due to variability in patient pharmacokinetics and product recoveries. A key factor in the acceptance and success of prophylaxis in teenagers is the training given at hemophilia treatment centers regarding self-treatment dosing and infusion schedules. Both plasma-derived and recombinant products are appropriate in this cohort, depending on the patient's and family's experiences and preferences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Adolescent depression: a review.

OBJECTIVE: To review the characteristic clinical, illness course and risk factors to adolescent depression. METHOD: A literature review is provided with interpretive comments. RESULTS: The clinical feature profile is likely to reflect the rarity of melancholic depression, while the non-melancholic "irritable hostile" pattern appears distinctly increased. A "reactive depressive disorder" is rare in those who get to psychiatric assessment, while comorbidity (e.g. anxiety and personality disorders, illicit drug use) is the rule. Aetiological determinants and the prognosis generally more relate to comorbid factors than to depression per se. Predisposing and precipitating psychological and social determinants are considered, while the efficacies of varying antidepressant strategies remain unclear apart from those with an "anxious" or "irritable" depression where selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor medication has shown utility and where cognitive-behavioural therapy may be relevant. CONCLUSIONS: For the majority who develop adolescent depression, its expression and outcome appear more a reflection of the propagating determinants, most commonly anxiety and personality style. The clinician should determine a treatment plan that not only addresses the depression but which identifies and addresses the contributing features.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Adolescent alcohol misuse: methodological issues for enhancing treatment research.

AIMS: The objective of this article is to present an overview of the current state of the field of adolescent alcohol treatment research and to discuss several priorities for future research directions. METHOD: The authors identified trends in adolescent alcohol treatment research from multiple sources, including searches of the National Institutes of Health grantee listings, proceedings from annual meetings of the Research Society on Alcoholism and relevant English-language journal articles available in MEDLINE and PSYCHLIT databases over the past decade. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS: This field must build on its major strength, which has been its success in appreciating the unique developmental characteristics of adolescence and meaningfully incorporating them into adolescent alcohol treatment approaches. Priorities for future research include: empirically investigating the potential value of harm reduction approaches for promoting public health and reducing total harm for adolescents; developing efficacious interventions across a wide range of intensities and settings; increasing the reach and relevance of randomized treatment efficacy trials and their products, with a particular focus on enhancing the recruitment and retention of diverse treatment samples; increasing a focus on key individual difference variables such as co-occurring diagnoses, that may serve as the basis for treatment tailoring; and exploration of the potential benefits of transdisciplinary research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Intoxication by beta-blockers in children and adolescents (author's transl)].

After ingestion of beta-blocking agents 20 out of 77 children and adolescents developed clinical symptoms. 11 cases resulted from suicidal attempts. A 15 year old girl died. Neurological signs (12) predominated. Cardiovascular signs (10) were especially seen after suicidal ingestion of beta-blocking agents. Infants frequently showed hypoglycemia or symptoms based on hypoglycemia (6). After elimination from the gastrointestinal tract patients require intensive monitoring as well as symptomatic treatment. Treatment with atropin often gave insufficient results. However, treatment with glucagon was successful. Secondary detoxication generally is not required and must be evaluated after pharmacokinetic data. Forced diuresis is not indicated.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed2003

Non-exclusivity in adolescent girls' romantic relationships.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As adolescents develop intimate relationships skills, they might change romantic partners often. Little is known about this developmental phenomenon. GOAL: The goal was to determine the frequency of non-exclusive romantic relationships in girls, the variables associated with non-exclusive relationships, and the variables associated with having sexual intercourse in a non-exclusive relationship. STUDY DESIGN: Girls (12-15 years of age) participated in a longitudinal study (3 y, 7 visits) of romantic relationships. RESULTS: Seventy-two of 160 girls had a non-exclusive relationship, and of these, 23 girls had intercourse in an outside relationship. Younger age, belief that the boyfriend had an outside relationship, and less parental indirect monitoring was associated with the girl having an outside relationship. A longer time being sexually experienced and less direct parental monitoring was associated with having intercourse in the outside relationship. CONCLUSION: Non-exclusivity in adolescence is common but does not always include sexual intercourse. Healthcare providers can address non-exclusivity with adolescents directly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Neither too sweet nor too sour: problem peers, maternal control, and problem behavior in African American adolescents.

This study examined whether maternal control protects African American adolescents from the negative influence of problem peers. Two forms of control were examined, behavioral control and psychological control. It was hypothesized that there would be a curvilinear relation between control and adolescent problem behavior, with the strength of the relationship and the amount of control optimal for adolescent development varying by the level of peer problem behavior. In general, data supported this model, particularly in regard to behavioral control, where the predicted curvilinear interaction occurred even after controlling for initial levels of problem behavior. The predicted curvilinear interaction between psychological control and peer problem behavior was statistically significant if initial levels of problem behavior were not controlled for but was not significant after controlling for initial problem behavior. These findings suggest that high-quality parenting can play a modest but critical role in the face of environmental adversity.

Adolescent↗