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PubMed1983

Mechanism of action of an antiseptic, anti-odor mouthwash.

Inter-related determinants of oral malodor were measured over a three-hour period in 30 human subjects after mouthwash treatments. Re-odoration was important to mouthwash activity for 30 min. At post-treatment times of 60-180 min, the anti-odor activity of the product is due solely to its anti-microbial action.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2002

Washing of gloved hands in antiseptic solution prior to central venous line insertion reduces contamination.

Glove contamination at the time a central venous catheter is handled is highly undesirable and likely to increase the risk of subsequent line infection. This study was designed to determine how frequently gloves become contaminated during central venous line insertion and to demonstrate the value of glove decontamination immediately prior to handling of the central venous catheter During twenty routine internal jugular catheter insertions the sterility of the operator's gloved fingertips (just prior to handling the intravenous catheter) was assessed by touching the fingertips onto blood agar plates. The gloved hands were then rinsed in chlorhexidine/alcohol and after drying were placed onto a further plate. Contamination was detected in 55% of the prewash plates but in none of the postwash plates. Procedures performed by less experienced resident staff had a higher contamination rate despite there being no evident breach of sterile technique. It is likely that glove contamination results from the persistance of bacteria within the deeper layers of the skin, despite surface disinfection. These bacteria may be released by manipulation of the skin when identifying landmarks. This hypothesis was supported by a subsequent observation that gloves were more highly contaminated after firm touching of the skin rather than light touching. Glove contamination during central line insertion is frequent. Catheter contamination rates could be reduced (without risk or additional cost) by rinsing gloved hands in a solution of chlorhexidine (0.5%) in alcohol (70%) prior to handling the catheter.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2001

Use of anti-infective agents during lactation, Part 3: Antivirals, antifungals, and urinary antiseptics.

Because many antibiotics are excreted into the breast milk, it can be difficult for a practitioner to choose an antibiotic for a lactating patient that will have minimal risks to her nursing infant. This article is the last of a three-part series discussing the use of anti-infective agents during lactation. The authors review general information with regard to use and common side effects for several classes of antibiotics. They summarize information, including available safety data, documented milk concentrations, milk-to-plasma ratios, and other pharmacokinetic properties, to help practitioners choose antibiotics that may be considered safe to use in the lactating mother.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

Antiseptic skin preparation revisited.

Preparing the operation site by painting a solution of something onto the skin is one of the best preserved rituals in surgery. There appears to be something really satisfying about this precursor to the main event, and if the solution used is brightly coloured, or stains the skin, then so much the better--you can actually see where you've been! I hope than no-one is under the illusion that because the whole leg (or arm, or abdomen or anywhere else) is now a sickly shade of brown or alarmingly pink, that no pathogenic organisms can possibly have survived the onslaught. In this comprehensive review of the literature and practice audit, Sally Kent revisits the reasons for skin preparation, and recommends the use of well proven research to determine correct practice.

Antisepsis↗
PubMed2001

Efficacy of antiadhesive, antibiotic and antiseptic coatings in preventing catheter-related infections: review.

In recent years, central venous catheters (CVCs) are increasingly used in clinical practice. However, complications such as local or systemic infections are frequent for both temporary and indwelling vascular catheters. Annually, in the United States of America there are more than 200,000 cases of nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs), of which 90% are related to the use of an intravascular device. These infections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospitalization and growing medical costs. Technological treatments of polymer surfaces including coating the catheter with antimicrobial substances may be promising tools for prevention of catheter-associated infections. A large number of surface-treated central venous catheters are now commercially available. In this paper the features and the clinical efficacy of different antimicrobial coatings are reviewed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

Percutaneous treatment of chronic MRSA osteomyelitis with a novel plant-derived antiseptic.

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE, are an increasing problem world-wide, causing intractable wound infections. Complex phytochemical extracts such as tea tree oil and eucalypt-derived formulations have been shown to have strong bactericidal activity against MRSA in vitro. Polytoxinol (PT) antimicrobial, is the trade name of a range of antimicrobial preparations in solution, ointment and cream form. METHODS: We report the first use of this drug, administered percutaneously, via calcium sulphate pellets (Osteoset,TM), into bone, to treat an intractable MRSA infection of the lower tibia in an adult male. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Over a three month period his symptoms resolved with a healing response on x-ray and with a reduced CRP.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

New views on antidiarrheal effect of wood creosote: is wood creosote really a gastrointestinal antiseptic?

Wood creosote, the principal ingredient in Seirogan, has a long history as a known gastrointestinal microbicidal agent. When administered orally, the intraluminal concentration of wood creosote is not sufficiently high to achieve this microbicidal effect. Through further animal tests, we have shown that antimotility and antisecretory actions are the principal antidiarrheal effects of wood creosote. Wood creosote inhibits intestinal secretion induced by enterotoxins by blocking the Cl(-) channel on the intestinal epithelium. Wood creosote also decreases intestinal motility accelerated by mechanical, chemical, or electrical stimulus by the inhibition of the Ca(2+) influx into the smooth muscle cells. In this overview, the antimotility and antisecretory effects of wood creosote are compared with those of loperamide. Wood creosote was observed to inhibit stimulated colonic motility, but not normal jejunal motility. Loperamide inhibits normal jejunal motility, but not stimulated colonic motility. Both wood creosote and loperamide inhibit intestinal secretion accelerated by acetylcholine. Wood creosote was found to have greater antisecretory effects in the colon than loperamide. Based upon these findings, we conclude that the antidiarrheal effects of wood creosote are due to both antisecretory activity in the intestine and antimotility in the colon, but not due to the microbicidal activity as previously thought. Wood creosote was found to have no effects on normal intestinal activity. These conclusions are supported by the results of a recent clinical study comparing wood creosote and loperamide, which concluded that wood creosote was more efficacious in relieving abdominal pain and comparable to loperamide in relieving diarrhea.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Instillagel: an anaesthetic antiseptic gel for use in catheterization.

Instillagel is a prefilled syringe containing lignocaine 2% and chlorhexidine 0.25% in a sterile lubricant gel. It is available in two sizes, 11 ml and 6 ml, for male and female catheterization respectively, and for intermittent self-catheterization. It has been used successfully for these purposes for many years, and its usage in the community setting is increasing. It is used for surface anaesthesia by many UK urologists. It is easily applied by both nurse and patient and remains the product of choice when performing indwelling catheterization. It also has an important role in stricture therapy where patients require extra lubrication for the passage of a catheter or an anaesthetic effect to provide patient comfort following the procedure. Instillagel has the added benefit of an antibacterial effect due to its chlorhexidine content.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1999

The use of honey as an antiseptic in managing Pseudomonas infection.

A laboratory study was undertaken to extend existing knowledge about the effectiveness of the antibacterial properties of honey against pseudomonads. To date, sensitivity testing has used non-standardised honeys, which may vary greatly in their antibacterial potency. Pure cultures of Pseudomonas spp, isolated from swabs from 20 infected wounds, were inoculated on the surface of nutrient agar plates containing various concentrations of honey in the medium. Two types of honey were used, a manuka honey and a pasture honey, each selected to have antibacterial activity close to the median for each type. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the manuka honey for the 20 isolates ranged from 5.5-8.7% (v/v) (mean 6.9% (v/v), standard deviation 1.3). The minimum inhibitory concentration of the pasture honey for the 20 isolates ranged from 5.8-9.0% (v/v) (mean 7.1% (v/v), standard deviation 1.0). Honeys with an average level of antibacterial activity could be expected to be effective in preventing the growth of pseudomonads on the surface of a wound even if the honey were diluted more than ten-fold by exudation from the wound.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗