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PubMed1984

Study of lipids in human amnion and chorion.

Most previous fetal membrane studies have focused primarily on their phospholipids as the precursors of arachidonic acid and the obligate precursors of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha, with little attention being afforded nonpolar lipids as another possible source. In this presentation, a special emphasis is placed on nonpolar lipids and their acyl group makeup. A substantial amount of acyl group (20:4) lipids was found. The implication of this finding could be that a nonpolar lipid source is necessary for the production of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha.

Amnion↗
PubMed1995

Elevated protease activities in human amnion and chorion correlate with preterm premature rupture of membranes.

OBJECTIVES: The mechanism(s) of preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes resulting in preterm birth remains unknown. Studies suggest that fetal membranes are susceptible to weakening by protease attack and that collagenases may be active at the site of rupture. In this study fetal membranes from women delivered after preterm premature rupture of membranes were compared with control membranes and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively for protease activities. STUDY DESIGN: Fourteen membranes from women with preterm premature rupture of membranes and nine membranes from women delivered preterm without premature rupture of membranes or otherwise normal women delivered at term vaginally or by cesarean section were studied. Zymogram gel electrophoresis with gelatin incorporation was used to assess the number and apparent molecular weights of protease activities. Functional and quantitative studies of protease activity were measured by fluorescent substrate cleavage. RESULTS: Zymogram gel electrophoresis studies demonstrated the presence of five to seven different protease bands in preterm premature rupture of membranes samples, whereas control membranes demonstrated only one to three protease bands. Fluorescent studies of protease activity demonstrated a 10- to 40-fold increase in activity in membranes from women with preterm premature rupture of membranes compared with normal control membranes. Studies with protease inhibitors suggest that most of the activity is due to metalloproteinases. CONCLUSION: In membranes from women with preterm premature rupture of membranes there appears to be a general increase in the amount of protease activity and increased numbers of putatively different proteases. Increased activity or deregulated protease control may mediate preterm premature rupture of membranes and be a potentially remediable cause of preterm birth.

Amnion↗
PubMed1990

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (L-alpha-lecithin) stimulates phospholipase A2 activity in human amnion.

In order to investigate the mechanism of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC, L-alpha-lecithin) stimulation of the prostaglandin E (PGE) production of the amniotic membrane, effects of DPPC (50-800 micrograms/ml) on phospholipase A2 (PLA2), phospholipase C (PLC), PG endoperoxide synthase, and PGE synthase activities of human amniotic membrane were studied. Only PLA2 activity was increased by DPPC, suggesting that lecithin, the major surfactant component, increases the PGE production of the amniotic membrane by activating PLA2.

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine↗