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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Meteorological observations at Hiroshima on days with weather similar to that of the atomic bombing.

An attempt to explain discrepancies between measured neutron-induced radioactivities (i.e., 152Eu, 60Co) and calculated yields based on the Dosimetry System 1986 was made by considering moist air densities at different altitudes over Hiroshima, Japan. The investigation checked the validity of moist air density estimates used in the Dosimetry System 1986 computer codes. Meteorological observations were conducted to obtain atmospheric temperature and pressure profiles for the Hiroshima area. By coupling these observations with surface measurements taken on 6 August 1945 at Ebayama Park (3.6 km from the hypocenter), estimates of temperature, pressure, and humidity at the time of detonation were derived. This allowed the calculation of densities for dry air, moist air, and water vapor. The results proved similar to the Dosimetry System 1986 estimates. Water vapor density calculations showed the largest difference (at most 7%). These results imply that the 152Eu yield contradiction in the Dosimetry System 1986 calculations vs. real measurements for large ground distances (> 900 m) is not the result of an erroneous estimate of moist air density in Hiroshima.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed2006

Exercise-induced asthma in the competitive cold weather athlete.

Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is a very common condition that affects winter sport athletes at rates as high as 50%. It has become clear that the main etiologic factors in EIA are the extremely low humidity and high respiratory rates in these athletes, which lead to extreme airway drying. New developments in objective testing for this condition have been recently described and are reviewed here. EIA is easily treated with oral and inhaled medications. These medications are closely regulated by the antidoping agencies; therefore, care must be taken by the treating physician to ensure compliance with the latest restrictions.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2005

Windy weather and low humidity are associated with an increased number of hospital admissions for acute pain and sickle cell disease in an urban environment with a maritime temperate climate.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterised by intermittent episodes of acute severe pain, related to vaso-occlusion. Environmental factors are thought to play an important role, and studies in tropical countries have suggested that cold and rainy seasons are associated with increased episodes of acute pain. We have studied retrospectively the number of admissions with acute pain and SCD to King's College Hospital, London, together with daily meteorological records collected locally. Data from 1400 d and 1047 separate admissions were analysed. Increased admissions were significantly associated with increased wind speed and low humidity, but showed no relationship to temperature, rainfall or barometric pressure. The strongest effect was for (maximum wind speed)/humidity, with 464 admissions on days in the lowest two quartiles of this parameter and 582 in the highest quartiles. The effect of high wind and low humidity is likely to be related to skin cooling.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Effect of weather conditions on the flight activity of Nigerian blackflies (Diptera:Simuliidae).

A vehicle-mounted net was used to make hourly catches of blackflies at 700-1000 m altitude in the River Assob valley, central Nigeria, on 20 days during the dry season. Pearson Correlation Matrix analysis of the collection data and meteorology showed that the main factors affecting flight activity of each of the four most abundant blackfly species were primarily light intensity and secondly wind velocity, whereas relative humidity was the least important factor. Flight activity showed a negative linear regression against wind, with some activity occurring in wind speeds up to 15 km/h. Distance-weighted least-squares (DWLS) regressions showed little correlation of temperature with activity for Simulium hargreavesi and S.adersi, but S.squamosum and S.vorax had small peaks at 28 degrees C and 31 degrees C, respectively. DWLS regression against light intensity showed an activity peak at 6000 lux, except in Simulium adersi.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Deep depression: mapping, weather forecasting and The Beagle.

This paper traces the voyage of HMS Beagle under the command of Robert FitzRoy, in which Charles Darwin travelled as naturalist. It examines FitzRoy's subsequent career and the coincidence that he, and two other hydrographers connected with the vessel, fell prey to depression.

Depression↗
PubMed1998

Risk perception by offshore oil personnel during bad weather conditions.

This article presents the results of analyses of employee subjective risk assessments caused by platform movements on an offshore oil installation in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. The results are based on a self-completion questionnaire survey conducted among 179 respondents covering three shifts on the platform. The data collection was carried out during the spring of 1994. A minority expressed worry due to platform movements. A greater proportion of the personnel stated worry about the construction of the platform. The personnel were more unsafe when they assessed their own safety attitudes with regard to specific potentially hazardous consequences of platform movements. Two approaches aimed at modeling worry and concern caused by platform movements were tested. The models were the mental imagery approach and the rationalistic approach. The rationalistic and mental imagery models fitted equally well. Implications of the results for risk communication are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Protection of recently shorn sheep against adverse weather using plastic coats.

Sheep cold stressed for 10.5 h had plastic coats applied then the cold stress was continued. In 9 of 10 sheep (test group) showing hypothermia at the time coats were applied, body temperatures had returned to near normal 2.5 h later and to normal in 13.5 h. One sheep severely hypothermic before the coat was applied did not improve and was killed after 2.5 h. Sheep that were cold stressed without coats (wet controls) developed marked hypothermia and were killed between 10.5 h and 21 h. Rectal temperatures remained normal in controls that were cold stressed with coats on (coated wet controls) and in the controls not subjected to wetting (dry controls). Plasma cortisol increased markedly in the cold stressed sheep until plastic coats were applied, but the levels had fallen to normal levels 20 h later. Serum thyroxine levels increased at a faster rate in the test group and in wet controls than in the dry controls and coated wet controls during the first 9 h of cold stress. In 4 sheep of the test group energy utilisation increased markedly and remained high for a variable time after coats were applied then gradually returned to pre-cold stress levels. Liver tyrosine aminotransferase levels of the wet controls were markedly elevated compared to levels found in the test group sheep killed 79.5 h after coats were applied. Histological changes in the spleen and liver of wet controls was absent or only mildly present in the test group sheep. There was severe depletion of muscle and liver glycogen in the wet controls compared with the test group sheep, which were similar to the dry controls and coated wet controls.

Animals↗