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PubMedDate not supplied

[Noise-related occupational risk aboard fishing vessels: considerations on prevention and the protection of exposed workers].

Recent legislation regarding the safety of workers aboard fishing vessels requires the appointment by ship owners of a Reference Physician in charge of health surveillance, preventive inspections and related tasks. As maritime workers, especially fishermen, have always been excluded from legal protection of occupational health, there are no exhaustive data on the incidence of their occupational disease. Several epidemiological studies of fishermen have evidenced a high prevalence and incidence of occupational conditions, among which noise-related hypoacousia. We report data of a phonometric survey conducted aboard six fishing vessels carrying a crew of less than six fishing in the mid-Adriatic. Measurements were performed during fishing and navigation aboard five vessels fitted with a fixed-pitch propeller and during fishing only aboard one vessel fitted with an controllable pitch propeller. Measurements were conducted: 1) in the engine rooms; 2) in the work area on deck; 3) at the winch; 4) in the wheelhouse; 5) in the mess-room and kitchen; 6) in the sleeping quarters. Results show that the equivalent sound pressure level in the engine rooms consistently exceeded 90 dBA on all vessels. The speed of the vessels fitted with the fixed-pitch propeller is 3-4 knots in the fishing phase and around 10 knots during navigation to and from the fishing grounds; noise emission is lower with the former regimen because of the smaller number of engine revolutions per minute. Our survey demonstrated considerably different noise levels in the various areas of vessels. One key element in workers' exposure, the tasks assigned and the environmental working conditions is of course the type of fishing in which the vessel is engaged. Further phonometric studies are required to assess the daily level of exposure per crew member, which represents the reference for the noise-related risk of each subject. Knowledge of the sound pressure levels in the work environment and the length of daily exposure of each crew member will allow to assess the level of occupational exposure and consequently enact the proper prevention and protection measures by the Reference Physician.

Fisheries↗
PubMed2005

Diagnostic and prognostic value of early MR Imaging vessel signs in hyperacute stroke patients imaged <3 hours and treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Analogous to the CT hyperattenuated vessel sign (HMCAS), MR imaging may show hypo- or hyperintense vessels in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. We assessed the diagnostic and prognostic strength of early MR imaging vessel signs in AIS patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) within 3 hours of the onset of symptoms. METHODS: We studied AIS patients both treated with IVT and stroke MR imaged within 3 hours of the onset of symptoms and at 2 hours and 24 hours after treatment. We assessed the presence or absence of early vessel signs (hyperintense fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sign [FLAIR HVS]; gradient-echo susceptibility vessel sign [GRE SVS]) compared with a combined MR angiography/perfusion-weighted imaging reference and their strength for predicting clinical outcome (favorable vs. poor, independent vs. dependent, or dead, death), recanalization (by clot composition and flow), and hemorrhage in uni- and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients (age range, 76 years +/- 13 years; median National Institutes of Health stroke scale score [NIHSSS], 11) met the inclusion criteria. Forty-four patients (78.6%) had a vessel occlusion at baseline; 22 of them (50%) recanalized. Nineteen patients (33.9%) suffered some form of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), 24 patients (42.9%) had an independent outcome, 18 patients (32.1%) a favorable outcome, and 14 patients died. Compared with our combined reference for vessel status PWI/MRA, the sensitivities of CT HMCAS, FLAIR HVS, and GRE SVS were 40%, 66%, and 34%, respectively, and improved during the hours that followed. Localization was accurately reflected by FLAIR HVS but not by GRE SVS. Only NIHSSS and age were independent predictors for recanalization and all clinical outcomes in multiple logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Although early vessel signs can be helpful in the diagnosis of intravascular disease, they do not independently predict recanalization, ICH, or any of the three clinical outcomes in a multivariate logistic regression model. Thrombus composition as reflected by signal intensity characteristics on GRE and FLAIR does not predict the therapeutic effect of IVT.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Malignancy-associated vessel tortuosity: a computer-assisted, MR angiographic study of choroid plexus carcinoma in genetically engineered mice.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The ability to assess tumor malignancy and monitor treatment response noninvasively would be of value to both clinicians and animal investigators. This report describes the MR imaging characteristics of a genetically engineered mouse model of choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) during tumor growth and progression to malignancy. We assess the ability of vessel tortuosity measurements, as calculated from high-resolution MR angiographic (MRA) images, to detect emerging CPC cancers. METHODS: MR images of 9 healthy mice and of 20 CPC mice with precancerous choroid dysplasia or with cancer over a wide range of sizes were analyzed. Two vessel tortuosity measures and a measure of vessel attenuation (vessel count) were calculated from MRA images. Malignancy assessment was based upon a statistical analysis of vessel tortuosity, by using an equation derived from an earlier study of human brain tumor patients. RESULTS: Choroid dysplasia was correctly judged nonmalignant. On the basis of vessel count, neoangiogenesis could not be detected until cancers were full-blown and had reached a volume of approximately 80 mm3. Vessel tortuosity measurements, however, correctly identified emerging malignancy in lesions larger than 0.3 mm3. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this report provides the first description of in vivo, MR imaging characteristics of genetically engineered CPC mice during the progression from dysplasia to cancer. Vessel tortuosity measurements offer promise of correctly defining even tiny tumors as malignant.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of blockage of the afferent lymphatic vessels on the development of popliteal lymph nodes in the rat].

The effect of blockage of the afferent lymphatic vessels on the development of popliteal lymph nodes in the rat was studied. The afferent lymphatic vessels to each popliteal node were surgically interrupted at the lowest edge of the popliteal fossa at 3, 7 or 28 days after birth and the popliteal nodes were obtained from treated animals at 4, 8 or 16 weeks after the operation. At 7 days after birth, each popliteal node was small and weighed 0.2 mg. Its parenchyma consisted of reticular cells and a small number of dispersed lymphoid elements. Four weeks after birth, each node weighed 4-5 mg, and its parenchyma comprised two layers, an outer continuous layer of peripheral cortex containing 40-50 lymph follicles and an inner discontinuous layer of deep cortex made up of 4-5 deep cortical units. At 10-12 weeks after birth, each node weighed about 10 mg and showed full structural development; the peripheral cortex contained 100-130 lymph follicles and the deep cortex consisted of 4-6 well developed units. The popliteal node was drained by 4-6 afferent lymphatic vessels, which opened into the subcapsular sinus of the node. Each lymphatic opening was topographically associated with a respective deep cortical unit, as previously described by Bélisle and Sainte-Marie (1982). In animals treated at 3 or 7 days after birth, the development of the popliteal nodes was considerably inhibited. Four weeks after surgery, each node showed 10-30 lymph follicles in the peripheral cortex and 1-3 small units in the deep cortex. Sixteen weeks after surgery, the node weighed about 4 mg and its cortex exhibited about 50 lymph follicles in the peripheral cortex and only 2 units in the deep cortex. The popliteal nodes of the treated animals generally received 2 afferent lymphatic vessels. In animals treated at 4 weeks after birth, the popliteal nodes showed no gain in weight for following 16 weeks. Four weeks after surgery, each node usually had 4-5 deep cortical units and 50-60 lymph follicles. Thereafter, some units and their overlaying peripheral cortex underwent atrophy, while others persisted. Sixteen weeks after surgery, the popliteal node showed only 2 deep cortical units and 50-60 lymph follicles, and was drained by 2 afferent lymphatic vessels. Surgical interruption of the afferent lymphatic vessels to the popliteal node at the lowest edge of the popliteal fossa did not obliterate all the draining lymphatic vessels , but reduced the number of vessels opening into the node.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Distribution and role of lymph vessels of the bursa Fabricii.

The fine distribution of lymph vessels in the bursa of Fabricius and the efferent lymph vessels coming from the bursa were demonstrated. The lymph vessels never entered lymphoid follicles, whereas the blood vessels pierced the cortex of lymphoid follicles and formed a network at the boundary between the cortex and medulla of lymphoid follicles. The lymph vessels commenced in the immediate exterior of lymphoid follicles. A large number of lymphoid cells were found in the lumen of the lymph vessels. Migration of lymphoid cells from the cortex of lymphoid follicles to the lymph vessels was also observed. Therefore, it was assumed that the lymph vessels of the bursa are important in the transport of lymphoid cells from the bursa to the blood stream.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Blood vessel transfer allowing avoidance of surgical rotation or amputation in the management of primary malignant tumors of the knee].

PURPOSE OF STUDY: The surgical and clinical outcome of a limb-salvaging technique for tumors about the knee utilizing autogenous vessel transfer is reported. The original indication for these lesions was amputation or Van Nes rotationplasty because of vascular encasement by the tumor. MATERIAL: Twelve patients are reported: seven females and five males with an average age of 16 years. There were nine distal femur and three proximal fibula stage IIB primary malignant tumors. METHOD: All patients underwent a local wide resection of the primary tumor including the main vessels, followed by local reconstruction of the bone and vessels by an ipsilateral vessel transfer. Postoperatively the limbs were immobilized in a cast and the patients were treated with intravenous Heparin, followed by a single low dose Heparin injection for three months. RESULTS: Immediate postoperative arterial occlusion in one patient was successfully treated, but eight weeks later another occlusion occurred and an amputation was necessary. In another patient, arterial thrombi necrotized two toes; they were subsequently amputated. Other local complications were hematoma (two patients), superficial skin necrosis (one patient), and deep infection (one patient). All were successfully revised surgically. All resections obtained negative margins, and there were no local recurrences or distant metastases. In all twelve patients the tumor either encased the artery and vein, or the pseudocapsule of the tumor touched the vascular adventitia. DISCUSSION: The results show that by patients in whom there is attachment of the tumor with major vessels or in whom the vessels are encased by the tumor, wide limb-saving resection can be achieved by en-bloc resection of the primary tumor and the vessels. In this respect a contamination of the vessels is no longer a contra-indication for a limb-saving procedure. CONCLUSION: The described method is safe, has a relatively low complication rate comparable with rotationplasties and allows a limb-saving procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Nitric oxide production by human umbilical vessels in severe pre-eclampsia.

OBJECTIVE: Pre-eclampsia is characterized by an increased vascular tone which might be related to an abnormal endothelial cell function. As representatives of the fetal circulation, we compared the nitric oxide (NO)-releasing capacity of human umbilical vessels from normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. METHODS: Normal and pre-eclamptic umbilical vessels were mounted in parallel in an organ chamber with three perfusion lines superfusing the same detector tissue (rubbed rat aortic ring). In this cascade system the capacity of the umbilical vessels to release NO was measured under basal conditions and after stimulation with histamine, bradykinin or calcium ionophore A23187. RESULTS: Relaxations dependent on basal NO release were found to be significantly higher in pre-eclamptic vessels (especially in veins) than in normal vessels. Conversely, stimulated NO release in response to histamine or bradykinin was significantly decreased in pre-eclamptic umbilical arteries, but not in veins, compared with normal vessels. However, there was no significant difference in the release of NO in response to A23187 between normal and pre-eclamptic vessels. CONCLUSIONS: The NO-releasing and NO-producing capacity in the vessels from fetal circulation is not diminished in pre-eclampsia. However, in pre-eclamptic umbilical arteries the NO release in response to certain stimuli (histamine or bradykinin) is diminished, probably as a result of alterations in the receptor function.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Localization of tissue plasminogen activator in the endothelium of a limited number of vessels.

The immunolocalization of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was assessed in vessels of various sizes from baboons. Femoral artery and vein, carotid artery, aorta, and sections from basal ganglia and cerebral cortex were stained for tPA and CD31, an endothelial cell-specific surface antigen. In each case, the endothelium of the large vessel stained positively for anti-CD31 but not for tPA. However, vascular structures in the adventitia corresponding to the vasa vasorum were found to be associated with tPA antigen. In situ hybridization of femoral artery with 35S-labeled cRNA probes detected tPA mRNA in the vasa vasorum but not the large vessel endothelium. Analysis of the microvasculature of the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex showed limited immunohistochemical staining for tPA; only 3% of the vessels measuring 4 to 100 mu were positive. Even so, tPA was mostly distributed within a narrow range of vessel size; 90% of the positive vessels were classified as precapillary arterioles and postcapillary venules (7.5 to 30.0 mu), whereas only 3% of the capillaries were positive, despite accounting for 40% of all vessels. Thus, tPA-containing endothelium are distributed mainly in smaller vessels, excluding the capillaries.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Preoperative assessment of blood vessel involvement in patients with pancreatic cancer.

The major prerequisite for resection of a pancreatic tumor is non-involvement of large blood vessels. Preoperative assessment of blood vessel infiltration may prevent unnecessary surgery. The aim of our study was to investigate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and in preoperative staging. Thirteen patients (7 females, 6 males; mean age 64 years) with a pancreatic tumor, but no evidence of distant metastases, underwent EUS and computerized tomography (CT) in order to assess blood vessel involvement by the tumor. The results were compared with intraoperative findings in 12 patients and with postmortem findings in 1 patient. A tumor was demonstrated by EUS in 12 patients and was confirmed at surgery in all 12 patients. In one patient no tumor was demonstrated by EUS, although a tumor was visible by CT; no tumor was found at surgery. In two patients CT failed to demonstrate a pancreatic tumor that was demonstrated by EUS; at surgery a tumor was detected in both patients. EUS detected blood vessel involvement in seven patients, which was confirmed at surgery in six of them. In the other six patients surgery confirmed the EUS finding of no blood vessel involvement. CT detected blood vessel involvement in two patients only. The overall accuracy of EUS and CT for detecting the tumor was 100% and 77% respectively, and for blood vessel involvement 92% and 61% respectively. In conclusion, EUS is an accurate procedure for preoperative assessment of blood vessel involvement in patients with pancreatic cancer. This procedure may enable the selection of those patients who may benefit from surgery, and should be part of the evaluation of patients with pancreatic cancer who are candidates for curative surgery.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

[Filling of optico-ciliary shunt vessels in papilledema: an indicator of pressure in the optic nerve sheath].

BACKGROUND: Optico-ciliary shunt vessels can occur in papilledema. It appears possible that the diameter of these vessels correlates with the pressure in the optic nerve sheath. CASE REPORT: A 31-year-old woman with pseudotumor cerebri had atrophic papilledema with optico-ciliary shunt vessels at the disc margin. After optic nerve sheath fenestration these vessels collapsed and ultrasonography revealed a decrease in the nerve sheath diameter. Sixteen days later, the optico-ciliary shunt vessels were filled again. Nine hours after lumbar puncture, the optico-ciliary shunt vessels disappeared for 13 hours, but the nerve sheath diameter did not decrease. After acetazolamide, 1g q d, neither the diameter of the optico-ciliary shunt vessels nor that of the nerve sheath decreased. CONCLUSION: The diameter of optico-ciliary shunt vessels may be an indicator of the pressure within the optic nerve sheath.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Novel methods for adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to blood vessels in vivo.

Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer is a promising method for studies of vascular biology and potentially for gene therapy. Intravascular approaches for gene transfer to blood vessels in vivo generally require interruption of blood flow and have several limitations. We have used two alternative approaches for gene transfer to blood vessels in vivo using perivascular application of vectors. First, replication-deficient adenovirus expressing nuclear-targeted bacterial beta-galactosidase was injected into cerebrospinal fluid via the cisterna magna of rats. Leptomeningeal cells over the major arteries were efficiently transfected, and adventitial cells of large vessels and smooth muscle cells of small vessels were occasionally stained. When viral suspension was injected with the rat in a lateral position, the reporter gene was expressed extensively on the ipsilateral surface of the brain. Thus, adenovirus injected into cerebrospinal fluid provides gene transfer in vivo to cerebral blood vessels and, with greater efficiency, to perivascular tissue. Furthermore, positioning of the head may 'target' specific regions of the brain. Second, vascular gene delivery was accomplished by perivascular injection of virus in peripheral vessels. Injection of the adenoviral vector within the periarterial sheath of monkeys resulted in gene transfer to the vessel wall that was substantial in magnitude although limited to cells in the adventitia. Approximately 20% of adventitial cells expressed the transgene, with no gene transfer to cells in the intima or media. These approaches may provide alternative approaches for gene transfer to blood vessels, and may be useful for studies of vascular biology and perhaps vascular gene therapy.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1998

[Laryngeal extra-organic lymphatic vessels in postnatal ontogenesis].

Extralaryngeal lymphatic vessels were studied in normal conditions in 44 cadaveric preparations obtained from people who died aged from 17 up to 91 using polychrome interstitial injection of Herot mass into laryngeal mucosa with the following anatomic preparation of extraorganic lymphatic vessels of larynx and lymphatic nodes. Average number of extralaryngeal lymphatic vessels was found to be minimal in senile age. Their content was asymmetric from right and from left in 70.5% cases, in 30.6% of which there was a predominance of left-side asymmetry. In women the number of extraorganic lymphatic vessels tended to grow. Mean number of extraorganic lymphatic vessels changes differently in men and women. In men significant decline in extralaryngeal lymphatic vessels occur from teenage up to senile period, in women vessel number tend to grow from the second period of maturity while average number of extraorganic lymphatic vessels significantly reduces.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Prognostic significance of the intra-vessel tumor characteristics of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: a prospective study.

Invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) of the breast are composed of stroma-invasive tumors and tumors in vessels. The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate whether the histological characteristics of the tumors in vessels were more significantly associated with the outcome of 393 IDC patients than well-known histological parameters. Multivariate analyses showed greater than six apoptotic figures in tumor cells in lymph vessels to be significantly associated with increased hazard rates (HRs) of tumor recurrence and death in IDC patients without nodal metastasis (P<0.05). Among IDC patients with nodal metastasis whose tumors were positive for estrogen receptors (ERs) or progesterone receptors (PRs) or both, greater than six apoptotic figures in tumor cells in lymph vessels and greater than four mitotic figures in tumor cells in lymph vessels significantly increased the HR of tumor recurrence and the HR of death, respectively (P<0.05). Among IDC patients with nodal metastases whose tumors were negative for ERs and PRs, multivariate analyses showed that greater than two apoptotic figures in the blood vessel tumor emboli significantly increased the HRs of tumor recurrence and death (P<0.005). We conclude that apoptotic figures and mitotic figures in tumor cells in vessels are very important prognostic indicators for patients with IDC of the breast.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Characterization of sumatriptan-induced contractions in human isolated blood vessels using selective 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(1D) receptor antagonists and in situ hybridization.

The 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist sumatriptan is effective in aborting acute attacks of migraine and is known to cause constriction of cranial arteries as well as some peripheral blood vessels. The present study set out to investigate whether 5-HT(1B) and/or 5-HT(1D) receptors mediate contractions of the human isolated middle meningeal and temporal arteries (models for anti-migraine efficacy) and coronary artery and saphenous vein (models for side-effect potential). Concentration-response curves were made with sumatriptan (1 nm-100 microm) in blood vessels in the absence or presence of selective antagonists at 5-HT(1B) (SB224289) and 5-HT(1D) (BRL15572) receptors. SB224289 antagonized sumatriptan-induced contractions in all blood vessels, although the antagonism profile was different amongst these blood vessels. In the temporal artery, SB224289 abolished contraction to sumatriptan, whereas in the middle meningeal artery and saphenous vein sumatriptan-induced contractions were blocked in an insurmountable fashion. Moreover, SB224289 acted as a weak surmountable antagonist in the coronary artery (pK(B): 6.4 +/- 0.2). In contrast, BRL15572 had little or no effect on sumatriptan-induced contractions in the four blood vessels investigated. In situ hybridization revealed the expression of 5-HT(1B) receptor mRNA in the smooth muscle as well as endothelial cells of the blood vessels, whereas the mRNA for the 5-HT(1D) receptor was only very weakly expressed. These results show that the 5-HT(1B) receptor is primarily involved in sumatriptan-induced contractions of human cranial as well as peripheral blood vessels.

Adult↗
PubMed1963

STUDIES ON THE LOCALIZATION OF CIRCULATING ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES AND OTHER MACROMOLECULES IN VESSELS. I. STRUCTURAL STUDIES.

A short term model in which circulating antigen-antibody complexes and host complement localized in vessel walls of guinea pigs was analyzed. Localization was accomplished by subjecting the animals to anaphylactic shock. The circulating macromolecules, such as antigen-antibody complexes, appeared to localize by being trapped in the vessel wall along the basement membrane that acted as a filter during a state of increased permeability of the vessel. It was suggested that this point of localization between the endothelial cell and the basement membrane may well represent the earliest focus of inflammation in diseases caused by the deposition of injurious macromolecules such as soluble antigen-antibody complexes from the blood stream. Complexes localized in the vessel walls did not provoke Arthus-type vasculonecrotic reactions even though in both these vessels and in cutaneous Arthus reactions antibody, antigen, and host complement (C'3c) were deposited in the vessel walls. The possibility was presented that since circulating macromolecules and probably complexes deposited in (a) relatively small amounts, and (b) in a position beneath endothelial cells, they were not strongly chemotactic toward circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Vasculonecrotic reactions, therefore, were not observed. It was brought out that this may be similar to the situation in glomerulonephritis induced by localized immune complexes, in which severe necrosis is not observed. In the Arthus vascular reaction, host complement was found microscopically accumulated with the immune reactants in affected vessel walls.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed2003

Impact of renal transplantation on small vessel reactivity.

BACKGROUND: The function of large arteries is altered after renal transplantation. Whether transplantation also induces agonist-dependent functional changes in small arterial renal and extrarenal vessels has not yet been studied. METHODS: Chronic rejection was induced by grafting Lewis rats with kidneys from Fischer rats (FL). Rats that underwent transplantation were bilaterally nephrectomized. Rats that underwent syngeneic transplantation, uninephrectomized rats, uninephrectomized rats with denervated kidneys or with kidneys made ischemic, and native rats served as controls. All animals were treated with cyclosporine for 10 days. Eighteen weeks after surgery, the reactivity of small arteries (220-270 microm) was tested by myography. RESULTS: Weight gain, glomerular filtration rate, and arterial pressure were similar in all groups, whereas proteinuria was elevated in FL. Only kidneys from FL showed glomerular lesions, tubular atrophy, and vasculopathy. Responsiveness of coronary, mesenteric, and femoral resistance vessels to both constrictor and dilator agonists was similar in transplanted and nontransplanted animals. Resistance vessels obtained from both allogeneically and syngeneically transplanted kidneys were more sensitive to norepinephrine, phenylephrine, angiotensin II, and vasopressin than renal vessels from weight-matched controls. Vasodilation in response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside was mitigated in transplanted versus nontransplanted kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: In rat renal transplantation, renal resistance vessel responsiveness to constrictor or dilator stimuli is altered. Extrarenal small vessel function is not affected. The changes in function of renal resistance vessels are not explained by reduction of nephron mass, denervation, ischemia, or chronic rejection.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed2005

Immunohistochemical co-localization of lymphatics and blood vessels in oral squamous cell carcinomas.

BACKGROUND: Differentiating lymphatic vessels from blood vessels is difficult, partly due to the lack of a specific method for identifying lymphatics. A new lymphatic vessel-reactive antibody, D2-40 has recently become commercially available. We examined the selectivity of D2-40 for lymphatics in oral neoplastic lesions for discrimination from blood vessels. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of oral lymphangiomas (n = 3), oral hemangiomas (n = 7), and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC, n = 46) were double immunostained with D2-40 and anti-CD34 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) using ENVISION-polymer technique with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-phosphate (BCIP)/nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) as color reagents, respectively. RESULTS: In the oral lymphangiomas and hemangiomas D2-40 was detected in all lymphatics, while all blood vessels were positive for CD34. In OSCC, number of vessels for lymphatics (P < 0.01) and for blood vessels in the perineoplastic areas were significantly greater than those in intratumoral areas. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that lymphatic proliferation might be much more extensive in the peritumoral area than intratumoral.

3,3'-Diaminobenzidine↗
PubMed2001

[Surgical treatment of great vessel injuries of thoracic outlet].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the experience in surgical treatment of great vessel injury of the thoracic outlet. METHODS: Thirty-two cases (24 men and 8 women aged 2-48 years) treated by surgery were collected during the period of 1970-1998. Sharp injury, blunt injury or decelerated injury was the causes. The vessels of injury included the common carotid artery, subclavian artery and accompanying veins. Emergency suture or repair of the artery with polyester patch was performed in 15 patients, aneurysmectomy in 6, resection of vessels with end-to-end anastomosis in 5, Gore-Tex vessel reconstruction in 2, and transplantation of the great saphenous vein in 3. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients (75%) were cared and 7 (21.8%) died. CONCLUSIONS: In the early period, patients with great vessel injury of the thoracic outlet died from acute bleeding, cerebral ischemia or combined multiple injuries, in the later period, however, false aneurysm develop. The operation is appropriate to the recondition of damaged cut, the effect of evolution in false aneurysm is approving. For large damaged cut or for bigger vessel injuries, the repair with polyester patch, Gore-Tex of blood vessel reconstruction or the transplantation of the great saphenous vein must be used.

Adolescent↗