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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Practical aspects of training in spinal anaesthesia (author's transl)].

The current "renaissance" in regional anaesthesia finds many institutions poorly prepared. Since the various methods of conduction anaesthesia can not adequately be acquired from journals or lectures alone, the main responsibility for the dissemination of the necessary technical skills rests with the training programs. The standard of care available to our patients depends upon the quality of the residency training and the practically oriented postgraduate courses, which we are able to provide. Unfortunately, teaching methodology, especially in the area of conduction anaesthesia, has sofar not attracted much attention. Initial sporadic investigations [1, 2, 3] have shown, that even in centers with a long tradition of training residents in spinal anaesthesia the results largely fall short of reasonable expectations. Systematic work in this area appears urgently needed. Teaching methods used within the Department of Anaesthesiology at the University of Alabama are briefly outlined.

Alabama↗
PubMed2005

[Professional competence and contraceptive care].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the technical competence of professionals carrying out activities related to contraceptive care. METHODS: Evaluative research in the field of health was conducted in eight districts of the State of Ceara from July to September 2003. Data was collected by means of interviews with 29 nurses working in the Family Health Care Program within these districts and 50 people being attended by this program. Observations of the Family Health Care Units were a complementary source of data within this study. RESULTS: The majority of nurses had received some form of training regarding contraception and the technical norms regulating their use. However, professional barriers were reported by the nurses and others were identified by lay persons being attended by the program, that indicate the need to provide better training for professionals engaged in this area of care. The nurses recognized they had deficits in information and communication skills as well as technical deficits in dealing with contraception. CONCLUSIONS: There are gaps in professional competence with regard to contraceptive care that, when associated to the lack of systematization of team work, generates distortions in the quality of care. Team work was characterized by the lack of definition of team members' specific attributions and tasks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Patient safety and training in human factor--challenge for anaesthesia training].

Patient safety is a central issue for every hospital. Prerequisites are reliable routine processes, avoidance of accidents, and flexible management of incidents. In anaesthesia, ca. 80% of all incidents can be assigned to human factors (e.g. communication, management of workload, decision-making). Deficits in these non-technical skills affect directly or indirectly the patient safety. Therefore, training of anaesthesia personnel in human factors and development of non-technical skills contribute to enhancement of patient safety. The question is how non-technical skills can be taught and learned. In this paper, we discuss an integrated strategy for training in non-technical skills in medicine. In a first step (analysis of demand), data were acquired as to which non-technical skills required training. These data led to the development of a comprehensive training concept for physicians based on learning psychology-derived modules. The individual modules and their methodological implementation are briefly presented here. Besides the communication of knowledge about human factors, we discuss the employment of computer-simulated low-fidelity scenarios and full-scale patient simulators. In principle, this integrative training strategy can be easily adapted to other related medical branches.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2005

Analysis and evaluation of a voice-training program in future professional voice users.

The goal of this study is to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of a voice-training program. Twenty-three professional voice users received voice training for 2 years and vocal hygiene education for 1 year. The voice-training program consisted of lectures, technical workshops, and vocal coaching. The European Laryngological Society (ELS) protocol, including the Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI) and the Voice Handicap Index (VHI), was applied before and after, respectively, 9 and 18 months of voice training. A questionnaire on daily habits was presented at study onset and after 18 months. The DSI improvement is more significant after 9 months (P=0.005) than it is after 18 months (P=0.2). On the other hand, the perceptual evaluation remained unchanged after 9 months, whereas it improved significantly after 18 months. The results of the daily habit questionnaire are disturbing: the prevalence of smoking, vocal abuse, stress, and late meals were not influenced by the lectures and remained high. This study emphasizes the need for a well-organized voice-training program that is most effective after 9 months. Regarding the low effectiveness of the vocal hygiene program, the concept needs revision.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A digital network for long-distance echocardiographic image and data transmission in clinical trials: the CEDIM (Carnitina, Ecocardiografia Digitalizzata, Infarto Miocardico) study experience.

A special computer network has been specifically designed and realized to connect 36 Italian cardiological institutions to a central core laboratory. This network, which has been created to run the CEDIM Multicenter Trial (effects of L-carnitine on left ventricular function in patients with myocardial infarction assessed by digital echocardiography), enables automatic verification, via computer, 24 hours a day, of patient eligibility criteria, randomization, transmission, and filing of real-time left ventricular echocardiographic examinations. All the investigators participating in the CEDIM trial underwent several training courses as well as dummy run procedures to achieve optimal performance of all the operational procedures required for the network to function smoothly and correctly. This paper describes the aims of this special network, its technical characteristics, and the investigator training and dummy run procedures.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2001

Training for emergency management: tactical decision games.

Training of the non-technical skills that are crucial to effective management of emergency situations is an issue that is currently receiving increasing emphasis in the petrochemical sector. A case study is presented of the explosion and fires at the Texaco Refinery, Milford Haven, UK, which occurred in July 1994 (HSE, The explosion and fires at the Texaco Refinery, Milford Haven, 24 July 1994. HSE: London, 1997), with particular focus on the human factors aspects of the event. A key issue identified by the official report into this incident was the importance of emergency management training. This paper outlines a novel, low-fidelity training intervention, the tactical decision game (TDG), which is designed to enhance the non-technical skills (decision making, situation awareness, communication and co-ordination, teamwork, and stress management) required for emergency management. It is proposed that enhanced learning of these non-technical skills, through experience and directed practice following repeated exposure to TDGs, will lead to more efficient emergency management, particularly when dealing with hazardous materials.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1992

"Smoking doesn't work:" a smoking prevention project for women attending a technical institute.

Women attending technical institutes often enroll in training programs for occupations with traditionally high smoking rates. In contrast, more worksites are implementing smoke-free and restricted smoking policies. "Smoking Doesn't Work," a smoking prevention project targeted at young females enrolled in a technical institute in Minnesota, used employability as the central theme in schoolwide events and classroom activities. Project intervention resulted in statistically significant increases in knowledge and awareness of smoking and employability issues. While young women enrolled in the technical institute recognized the negative image and health effects of smoking, they were less aware of the relationship between smoking status and employability. A focus on employability appears to provide a salient approach to smoking prevention with technical institute students.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Utilizing grassroots workers in family planning programs in India: prospects and problems.

In order to rapidly expand the network of delivery systems and speed up the process of acceptance of family planning messages and methods, a shift took place in the Indian family planning program from the bureaucratic "clinical" approach to the people oriented "extension" approach. As a result, there is an increasing emphasis on moving the family planning efforts closer to the grassroots level. A key methodological issue centers on the proper selection, cultural acceptability, and the effectiveness of the grassroots workers who are to be trained and through whom family planning motivational messages and methods are to be introduced. The Indian government, from time to time, has trained and utilized different groups of grassroots workers in its family planning promotional efforts. Anthropological field studies were conducted in two different regions in India to examine the potential and actual roles of two groups of grassroots workers--opinion leaders and traditional birth attendants--in the delivery of family planning services in the rural areas. These studies revealed that while the traditional birth attendants can be trained and utilized to a limited extent in promoting family planning efforts, especially to the eligible female clients, the role of the opinion leaders in such efforts is at best questionable. Based on these field studies, cultural and technical (including bureaucratic) problems in training and utilizing opinion leaders and traditional birth attendants are explored in detail. Modifications in the training program strategies are suggested to improve and expand the family planning delivery system in rural India.

Advertising↗
PubMed2002

Challenges in evaluating rural health programs.

Complex community-based prevention programs are being held to scientific evidence of their effectiveness and rural public health departments that implement such programs often are not equipped to evaluate them. Rural public health departments are fettered by small budgets, small staffs, and less access to evaluation experts and similar resources. Community-based health promotion programs can include complex designs that may work differently in rural areas and evaluation of rural programs can be hampered by lack of control groups and the instability of results from small populations. The University of Kentucky has entered into a contract with the state Department for Public Health to implement an internal, participatory model of evaluation. In this model, the university evaluation expert trains local public health department staff in technical skills for program evaluation and acts as mentor and technical consultant to local public health departments on an ongoing basis. Through training and site visits, this model is one approach to addressing the challenges of evaluating rural health promotion programs.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2006

[Quality assurance in airway management: education and training for difficult airway management].

Respiratory problem is one of the main causes of death or severe brain damage in perioperative period. Three major factors of respiratory problem are esophageal intubation, inadequate ventilation, and difficult airway. The wide spread of pulse oximeter and capnograph reduced the incidences of esophageal intubation and inadequate ventilation, but the difficult airway still occupies the large portion in the causes of adverse events during anesthesia. "Practice guideline for management of the difficult airway" was proposed by American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) in 1992 and 2002. Improvement of knowledge, technical skills, and cognitive skills are necessary for the education and training of the difficult airway management. "The practical seminar of difficult airway management (DAM practical seminar)" has been cosponsored by the Japanese Association of Medical Simulation (JAMS) in the 51 st and 52 nd annual meetings of Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists and the 24th annual meeting of Japanese Society for Clinical Anesthesia. The DAM practical seminar is composed of the lecture session for ASA difficult airway algorithm, the hands-on training session for technical skills, and the scenario-based training session for cognitive skills. Ninty six Japanese anesthesiologists have completed the DAM practical seminar in one year. "The DAM instructor course" should be immediately prepared to organize the seminar more frequently.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

PHS grants for minority group HIV infection education and prevention efforts.

The Office of Minority Health (OMH) was established in December 1985 in response to recommendations developed by the Secretary's Task Force on Black and Minority Health. Originally, OMH's mission emphasized six health problems identified by the Task Force as priority areas: cancer, cardiovascular disease and stroke; chemical dependency; diabetes; homicide, suicide, and unintentional injuries; and infant mortality and low birth weight. OMH added HIV infection to the six health priority areas after epidemiologic data showed that the representation of blacks and Hispanics was disproportionately high among persons reported with AIDS. Strategies to eliminate or reduce high-risk behaviors associated with HIV infection need to mobilize racial and ethnic minority communities and rebuild social networks in order to foster sustained behavioral changes. OMH created the Minority HIV Education/Prevention Grant Program to demonstrate the effectiveness of strategies to expand the activities of minority community-based and national organizations involved in HIV education and prevention, as well as to encourage innovative approaches to address appropriately the diversities within and among minority populations. In 1988, grants totaling $1.4 million were awarded to four national and 23 community-based minority organizations. Project workers conduct information, education, and prevention interventions directed to specific groups within racial and ethnic minority communities. Interventions include education and prevention training, information activities, developing educational materials, and providing technical assistance. Project innovations include conducting HIV education and prevention training for families at home, presenting a play produced and performed by local teenagers, and developing a workshop and a manual to help minority service organizations to recruit and train volunteer staff members. Working with minority community-based and national organizations is an essential component of effective strategies for preventing HIV infection among racial and ethnic minorities. OMH's Minority HIV Education/Prevention Grant Program encourages minority groups to participate as partners in Federal, State, and local HIV prevention efforts.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

PREVENT: a program of the National Training Initiative on Injury and Violence Prevention.

Training practitioners to use evidence-based approaches to the primary prevention of violence is challenging as a result of the dearth of well-evaluated intervention programs and the lack of familiarity of some practitioners in drawing critically on existing literature. An element of the National Training Initiative in Injury and Violence Prevention, the PREVENT (Preventing Violence Through Education, Networking, and Technical Assistance) program began in late 2003 to train practitioners to address multiple types of violence by encouraging more widespread use of evidence-based approaches to primary prevention. It is intended to reach practitioners involved in addressing violence against women, sexual violence, child maltreatment, youth violence, and suicide in varied community settings. The program uses a combination of varied types of face-to-face training and distance learning coupled with opportunities for networking and technical assistance. Ultimately the program intends to stimulate and facilitate changes in individual, organizational, and cultural awareness and practices fostering primary prevention of violence. The project employs formative, process, and impact evaluation techniques aimed at improving delivery of the training as well as tracking changes in individual and organizations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Successful collaborative model for trauma skills training of surgical and emergency medicine residents in a laboratory setting.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether interdepartmental educational and technical resources could be combined to successfully train surgery and emergency medicine residents in common diagnostic and therapeutic trauma skills outside the traditional hospital setting. DESIGN: Curriculum improvement survey. SETTING: Surgical Skills Laboratory, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 35 surgery residents (PGY 1 to 5) and 26 emergency medicine residents (PGY 1 to 3). METHODS: Emergency medicine attendings used human volunteers to train surgery residents in Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST). Trauma surgery attendings used a porcine model to teach emergency medicine residents tracheostomy, peripheral venous cutdown, diagnostic peritoneal lavage, tube thoracostomy, and bilateral thoracotomy. Upon completion of the courses, all residents were surveyed using a 5-point Likert scale to assess this teaching model. RESULTS: The percentage of residents reporting an improvement in knowledge levels after the course increased significantly (p < 0.003) for all skill modules (FAST, 14% vs 73%; tracheostomy, 20% vs 64%; peripheral venous cutdown, 25% vs 71%; diagnostic peritoneal lavage, 16% vs 60%; tube thoracostomy, 42% vs 92%; thoracotomy, 15% vs 42%). A significant (p < 0.05) increase in comfort levels during performance of the procedures in the clinical setting was also anticipated for all skills modules (FAST, 11% vs 60%; tracheostomy, 12% vs 50%; peripheral venous cutdown, 15% vs 31%; diagnostic peritoneal lavage, 12% vs 58%; tube thoracostomy, 35% vs 73%; thoracotomy, 0% vs 15%). PGY 1 to 4 surgery residents and PGY 1 and 2 emergency medicine residents perceived the greatest benefit (p < 0.05) from their respective courses. The overwhelming majority (89% to 100%) of surgery and emergency medicine residents felt the course was valuable and transferable to the clinical trauma setting. CONCLUSIONS: Interdepartmental collaboration between the Department of Surgery and Department of Emergency Medicine offered a unique training relationship that was a positive educational experience for all residents.

Emergency Medicine↗
PubMed1990

[The most important prospects and tasks in improving the postgraduate instruction of pathologists under perestroika].

It is suggested to reorganize the postgraduate training of pathologists by improving the technical basis of pathology chairs in accordance with modern achievements of medicine and state examinations requirements. The postgraduate training should be continuous and be realized by a self-education and pathologist participation in special courses and teaching cycles with subsequent qualification examination for the 2nd, 1st and highest category (after 5, 7 and 10 years, respectively).

Certification↗