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PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychophysiologic parameters of reproducing emotions in healthy subjects and patients during the first episode of depression].

We analyzed the spectral power of EEG rhythms and some psychological features in patients with depression (first episode) and in healthy subjects. In the control group, the distributions of the spectral power of the alpha3 and gamma rhythms was symmetrical. In reproducing joy, the power of the alpha3 rhythm increased in the occipital and that of the gamma rhythm increased in the temporal areas of the left hemisphere. In depressive patients, predominant activation of the left posterior cortical quadrant in the alpha3 band was observed both in the baseline activity and during reproducing emotions of both valences. In these patients, the gamma rhythm predominated in the anterior regions of the right hemisphere during rest. The mental reproduction of joy and grief in depressive patients shifted the maximal gamma rhythm spectral power to the occipital cortical regions. Thus, in depressive patients, any emotional load, regardless of its valence, results in a decrease in the pathologic gamma activity and makes the distribution of cortical electric activity more close to that of healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circuit model-based analysis of the impedance rheopneumogram.

Impedance rheopneumography, like other applications of electrical bio-impedance, is receiving increasing attention as a simple, non-invasive tool for clinical diagnosis of the pulmonary circulation. However, one major drawback of this method lies in the difficulty in computing accurately the time domain parameters therefrom for diagnostic purposes. This paper presents a model-oriented analysis technique based on physiological consideration of both the arterial and venous pathways of the pulmonary circulatory system. The technique involves a combination of a two-segment model and a modified form of the 'Windkessel' model, the summed response of which is curve-fitted to measurement data via the non-linear method of Marquardt to obtain the system parameters. A simple illustrative application is also given to explain the changes in wave morphology for a subject under measurement in the supine and sit-up positions. The result suggests that this technique shows promise of providing useful physiological information and better insight of system behaviour than existing technique.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1995

Revictimization by polygraph: the practice of polygraphing survivors of sexual assault.

Sexual assault survivors are scrutinized in a manner unlike that meted out to any other victims of crime. Law enforcement officers or prosecutors may subject the survivor to a polygraph exam in an attempt to ascertain the truth or as a prerequisite to further investigation of the case. In a survey conducted with rape crisis centres across the United States, 63 centres in 17 states reported working with survivors of sexual assault who had been polygraphed. Rape crisis centres in 11 states reported that children had been polygraphed. This article examines the practice of polygraphing survivors of sexual assault.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed1997

[Predictive factors of coronary restenosis after optimal directional atherectomy. A multivariate analysis apropos of 102 patients].

The authors studied 102 patients prospectively who were undergoing coronary atherectomy optimised by balloon dilatation in order to assess the restenosis rate at 6 months. The coronary lesions were measured in a reproducible manner by quantitative angiography. The vessels dilated were the left anterior descending in 66 patients and the right coronary artery in 36 patients. The reference diameter was on average of 3.57 +/- 0.64 mm. Atherectomy increased the minimal diameter of the lesion of 1.20 +/- 0.44 to 3.01 +/- 0.44 mm giving a residual stenosis of 15 +/- 11%. At six months, 25% of patients had developed a restenosis (> 50% stenosis) with a residual lumen of 2.15 +/- 0.77 mm. The predictive factors of restenosis were the initial absolute gain, the length of the lesion, the reference diameter of the vessel and the presence of an endoluminal thrombus. In multivariate analysis, a small initial gain (p < 0.02) and length of stenosis (p < 0.02) were independently correlated with restenosis. The authors conclude: 1) that optimal atherectomy is associated with acceptable restenosis rates in selected vessels, 2) that short stenoses of large diameter arteries may be a privileged indication of the technique if the best results are obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Inter- and intra-individual variability of paired-pulse curves with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have evaluated the variability of motor thresholds (MTs) and amplitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) within and across individuals. Here we evaluate the reproducibility and inter-hemispheric variability of measures of cortical excitability using the 'conventional' paired-pulse (PP) TMS technique. METHODS: We studied PP curves of the left and right hemisphere in 10 healthy subjects on two separate days 2 weeks apart. The inter-stimulus intervals studied were 1, 3, 6, 8, 10 and 12 ms with the conditioning stimulus being 80% of the resting MT, and a single test stimulus producing MEPs of approximately 0.8 mV peak-to-peak amplitude. RESULTS: As a group, the PP curves of the left and right hemispheres, and of Day 1 and Day 2 were not significantly different. The intracortical inhibition (ICI), but not the intracortical facilitation, showed a good correlation across days within the individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Cortical excitability, particularly ICI, measured by PP TMS shows no inter-hemispheric asymmetry and is reproducible within individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Are the configuration and neck morphology of experimental aneurysms predictable? A technical approach.

Aneurysm configuration and neck morphology are important factors in the decision for cerebral aneurysm therapy, i.e., clipping versus coiling. The aim of our study was to create various aneurysm configurations in a predictable and reproducible way in an animal model. In our recently proposed endovascular approach to produce bifurcation aneurysms in the rabbit, the right common carotid artery (CCA) is surgically exposed and distally ligated, and a sheath is advanced retrogradely into the CCA, the base of which is proximally occluded using a Fogarty balloon. Subsequently, elastase is injected via a microcatheter that is placed directly distal to the balloon and allowed to incubate for 20 min. After removal of the sheath, saccular aneurysms begin to form within 2 weeks. For greater variability in aneurysm size and neck morphology, we modified two parameters of this formerly established elastase-induced aneurysm model--the distance between the balloon and sheath and the level of balloon position--before the elastase was endoluminally incubated in 15 rabbits. Three weeks after aneurysm induction, the size and configuration of the aneurysms were controlled using DSA. Our results confirm that balloon occlusion in the brachiocephalic trunk results in broad-based aneurysms, whereas balloon occlusion in the CCA gives rise to circumscribed aneurysm necks. By increasing the distance between the balloon and sheath, the rabbits developed significantly larger aneurysms. The balloon-sheath distance and the level of balloon occlusion proved to be parameters whose modifications result in predictable and reproducible aneurysm variants that can be used for the testing of endovascular devices.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Nasal NO measurement by direct sampling from the nose during breathhold: Aspiration flow, nasal resistance and reproducibility.

The objective of this study was assessment of the effect of aspiration flow, the nasal cycle, and time on nasal nitric oxide (nNO) concentrations in air sampled from one nostril during breathhold. nNO was measured in 45 healthy subjects (19 males, aged 18-45 years) from one nostril during breathholding. We compared nNO values and time to plateau in both nostrils with 3 aspiration flows (280, 700, 1,200 ml/min) and assessed the short-term and long-term reproducibility. Mean nNO values at flows of 280, 700 and 1,200 ml/min differed significantly (P < 0.01): 854, 474, 380 ppb, respectively. The (median) plateau was reached after 6, 4 and 3 s for the different flows. The within-subject coefficient of variability was always < 5%. We found no difference in nNO between left-, right-, largest or smallest nostril (P > 0.10). nNO values after 6, 24 h and 7 days were not significantly different from baseline (P > 0.10) and showed fair reproducibility. The highest aspiration flow was experienced as unpleasant. nNO can be measured in either nostril and shows no diurnal variation. The measurement is quick, reproducible, feasible and best accepted with an aspiration flow of 700 ml/min during breathhold for 10 s.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A new model for intestinal ischemia in the rat.

Many models of intestinal ischemia in the rat have been described yielding mortality rates of 8-80% following superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion for periods of 1-85 min. These results have been difficult to reliably reproduce in our lab. Based on our theory that these inconsistent findings are secondary to individual variability in collateral circulation, we have developed a new model for intestinal ischemia with reproducible and consistent mortality. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 300-400 g underwent celiotomy and evisceration. Occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery just distal to the right colic artery was achieved. Collateral arcades from the right colic artery and the jejunal arteries proximal to the site of occlusion were ligated and the bowel was returned to the abdomen for the remainder of the ischemic period. SMA occlusion alone and SMA occlusion with interruption of collateral flow were evaluated and compared for severity of ischemic injury reflected by mortality and for reproducibility of ischemia and mortality. Quantitative measurements of blood flow for each technique were made using radiolabeled microspheres, and a survival curve for SMA occlusion with collateral ligation was constructed. SMA occlusion alone in the rat is not a reliable model for mesenteric ischemia because the resulting ischemic injury is inconsistent and not reproducible. SMA occlusion with collateral ligation produced more severe and reproducible ischemia with greater mortality than did SMA occlusion alone. This technique produced mortality rates that were reproducible and were more consistently related to duration of ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Global and regional reproducibility of T2 relaxation time measurements in human patellar cartilage.

Seven T2 maps (multiecho (ME) sequence: 3000 ms, eight echoes with 13.2 ms of echo spacing, 20 sections) and T1-weighted (T1-w) fast low-angle shot (FLASH-water excitation (WE)) data sets from four imaging sessions (right patellae of 10 healthy volunteers) were obtained. A segmentation of cartilage (WE sequence) was overlaid on the ME data and T2 values were calculated for total cartilage, three layers, three facets (global), and 240 ROIs (regional). Reproducibility (precision error) was calculated as the root mean square average (RMSA) of the individual coefficients of variation (COVs, %) and standard deviations (SDs, ms) for intra- and intersession reproducibility. The precision error was 3-7% and 6-29% for global and regional T2, respectively. There was no difference between intra- and intersession reproducibility, but there was worse reproducibility in the superficial layers compared to the deeper layers. Peripheral ROI reproducibility (mean=13%) was worse than in the central portions (mean=11%), but omission of the periphery did not positively affect the globally calculated T2 reproducibility. The precision errors were small compared to reported changes in diseased cartilage, suggesting good discriminatory power of the technique. Our data provide a first estimate of global and regional reproducibility errors of T2 in healthy cartilage, and may serve as a basis for sample size calculations and aid study designs for longitudinal and cross-sectional trials in osteoarthritis (OA).

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Harmonic composition and topographic distribution of responses to sine wave modulated light (SML), their reproducibility and their interhemispheric relationship.

1. Responses to sine wave modulated light (SML) were recorded bipolarly from the occipital, parietal and temporal scalp areas on the right and the left sides of 9 normal individuals. Their harmonic composition was determined by means of Fourier analysis. 2. The wave form of the responses was rather complex in relation to the stimulus and differed according to stimulation frequency and localization. 3. The components of the responses were principally the 1st and 2nd harmonics. 4. The amplitudes of the harmonics were usually largest over the occipital and smallest over the parietal scalp areas. 5. Considerable intra-individual amplitude variabilities of both harmonic component amplitudes existed in all areas of all individuals. 6. The interhemispheric amplitude correlations of 1st and 2nd harmonic components, simultaneously recorded in homologous occipital, parietal and temporal areas, were measured by means of Kendall's rank correlation test. 7. The interhemispheric synchrony of the harmonic components was measured by determining the phase differences between each of the response components in homologous right and left scalp areas. 2. In subjects with a high amplitude correlation a strong synchrony existed and vice versa. 9. It is suggested that the interhemispheric relationships between harmonic components of the responses to SML might be of importance for clinical application. This opinion is supported by the fact that through SML evoked responses a considerable data reduction is obtained in comparison with the responses to light flashes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A method for the production of an undisplaced reproducible tibial fracture in the rat.

Forty inbred hooded rats sustained a fracture of the left tibia and 2 animals had an additional fracture of the right tibia (44 fractures in 42 rats). Before the fracture, medullary nailing was done with a 0.8-mm stainless-steel wire. Forty-one of the 42 fractures were transverse, 7 of the 42 nails bent more than 15 degrees. Radiological union occurred within 3--4 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Repeatability, reproducibility and intersession variability of the Allergan Humphrey ultrasonic biometer.

We evaluated repeatability and reproducibility of the Allergan Humphrey model 820 ultrasonic biometer. Sixty eyes (30 subjects) free from ophthalmological abnormality were examined on two separate occasions by two experimenters, one experienced and one inexperienced. The 95% confidence limits for repeatability lie between +0.12/-0.13 mm and reproducibility between +0.15/-0.14 mm for AC depth, between +0.11/-0.13 mm and +0.12/-0.16 mm for lens thickness, between +0.17/-0.19 mm and +0.19/-0.18 mm for right axial length and between +0.26/-0.40 mm and +0.22/-0.25 mm for left axial length. The 40% gain used to measure left axial lengths produced poor retinal echospikes, which may account for reduced accuracy compared to the right eyes using 60% gain. Ten subjects (20 eyes) returned for 3 further visits and the variability over 5 sessions was examined using a two-factor ANOVA with repeated measures on one factor. There were no significant experimenter or session effects and no interaction effect. This biometer gives clinically repeatable and reproducible results and is convenient to use.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed1997

[Three-dimensional analysis of variations of the forces associated with the climbing task in adolescents].

The efficient performance of voluntary movements requires a precise coordination between posture and movement. Anticipatory postural adjustments are believed to minimize the perturbation of balance triggered by the movement. This is particularly important in rock climbing where the unstable posture requires a fine balance control to preserve equilibrium. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal characteristics of the postural adjustments and movement in a climbing task for ten right-handed beginner children (5 boys and 5 girls) aged 10 to 15 years. A climbing ergometer was used for the experiment. The apparatus consists of four plates on which artificial climbing holds are secured. Using three-dimensional strain gauges we analyzed the three components of the forces applied at each hold. The signals were sampled at 100 Hz amplified and recorded on a personal computer. The climbing frame was adjusted to the anthropometry of each child. The task was to move one foot from one hold to another, and to actually climb onto the latter. Three levels of difficulty, corresponding to 1/3, 2/3, and 3/3 of shank length were tested. Subjects performed 5 trials with each foot at each level. The effect of three variables were analyzed: gender, laterality (right or left moving foot) and task difficulty. The force distribution was analyzed over a 400 ms period of steady state before the onset of movement. For all subjects and for all conditions, a greater force was applied to the right foot for the vertical forces and on the left foot for the lateral forces. In other words the subjects were standing over their right foot instead of exactly spreading their weight between the two legs. The onset of movement was always preceeded by a reproducible sequence of anticipatory postural adjustments involving the three supporting segments. This sequence was the same for the three components and started with the controlateral hand followed by the homolateral hand and then the controlateral foot. On the hand holds, the anticipation increased with the difficulty of the task, whereas movement time remained constant across all experimental conditions. The effect of task difficulty on the latencies of the anticipatory postural adjustments was more pronounced for the female subjects. The analysis of the load variations occurring during the movement along the three axes showed that the weight was transferred mainly to the controlateral foot but also to the hands. However the homolateral hand was never very involved. On the vertical component, there was a main effect of laterality. For a left foot movement, the force variation on the right controlateral side was more important than for a right foot deplacement. In addition there was a main effect of gender showing that the boys "pulled" more on their hands than the girls. This effect was stronger for a right foot movement. Compared with adults and age-matched boys, the girls seemed to use a more lateral, an expert-like, strategy.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2003

Laterality of the performance of glaucoma mass screening using frequency-doubling technology.

PURPOSE: This study investigated laterality during the performance of glaucoma mass screening with a frequency-doubling technology perimetry test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A frequency-doubling technology screening mode (C-20-1, version 2.6) test was performed on both eyes of 14,784 persons. Subjects with visual field abnormalities detected by the frequency-doubling technology test or with fixation error underwent retesting without a specified interval for rest. Consequently, 206 subjects who fulfilled the screening criteria of the frequency-doubling technology-based glaucoma screening protocol [FDT-GSP(+)] were further investigated using the Humphrey visual field analyzer (30-2). As a result, 74 right eyes and 57 left eyes were shown to have definite glaucoma. RESULTS: Frequency-doubling technology data for the left eye demonstrated a significantly (P<0.001) higher rate of artifacts, such as no reproducibility of results between the first and second tests (left/right: 2.4%/1.7%) as well as fixation errors (left/right: 2.8%/1.0%). The false-positive rate of the FDT-GSP for glaucoma was more than 1.5-fold higher in the left eye than in the right eye (16.3%/9.8%). In the case that either eye exhibited FDT-GSP(+), the positive predictive value of the FDT-GSP for definite glaucoma in the left eye was almost half of that in the right eye (28.4% vs. 53.8%). Specificity of the FDT-GSP for detection of definite glaucoma also exhibited a lower trend (P = 0.097) in the left eye (44.6%) than in the right eye (55.3%), but the sensitivity of the test was similar in both eyes (91.2% vs. 90.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: When frequency-doubling technology-based mass screening is performed on the general population, performance is lower for the left eye than for the right eye. This performance disparity is likely to be primarily associated with a difference in specificity.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Estimation of left and right ventricular filling pressures after heart transplantation by tissue Doppler imaging.

Current Doppler methods have been unreliable in estimating filling pressures in heart transplants. Tissue Doppler imaging is a technique that permits evaluation of myocardial relaxation; combined with transvalvular E velocity, it could improve estimation of these pressures. To investigate this possibility, we evaluated 50 patients by right-sided cardiac catheterization and Doppler echocardiography simultaneously. Their mean +/-SD age was 53+/-15 years and the mean age of donor hearts was 30+/-12.5 years. The mitral E velocity was combined with the early myocardial relaxation (Ea) velocity by tissue Doppler at the lateral border of the mitral annulus. Likewise, the tricuspid E velocity was combined with Ea at the lateral corner of the tricuspid annulus. Mean wedge pressure related weakly to mitral inflow variables but strongly to E/Ea [r=0.8; wedge pressure=2.6+1.46(E/Ea)]. In 25 repeat right-sided cardiac catheterizations, changes in mean wedge pressure were well detected by Doppler, with a mean difference of -0.7+/-3 mm Hg. Mean right atrial pressure related weakly to routine tricuspid inflow variables but strongly to tricuspid E/Ea [r=0.79; n=38; right atrial pressure=1.76(E/Ea) - 3.7]. In 18 repeat right-sided cardiac catheterizations, changes in mean right atrial pressure were well detected by Doppler, with a mean difference of 0+/-3.45 mm Hg. Mean wedge pressure and mean right atrial pressure can be estimated in heart transplants with reasonable accuracy using the ratio of E/Ea. Furthermore, this method can accurately track changes in filling pressures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Diagnostic accuracy of indium-111 platelet scintigraphy in identifying left ventricular thrombi.

This study defines the optimum imaging time window after injection of labeled platelet suspension for detection on left ventricular (LV) thrombi, identifies the most useful imaging views, and determines the reproducibility of this technique. A total of 662 images obtained from 64 patients were analyzed retrospectively on 2 separate occasions by 3 observers blinded as to patient identity, view (right anterior oblique, anterior, left anterior oblique, and left lateral), and time after injection of the platelet suspension that the images were obtained (0 to 2, 3 to 4, and 5 to 6 days). Images were categorized as either positive or negative. In every case surgical or autopsy verification of the presence or absence of LV thrombus was possible. The best combination of sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy was found in the 3- to 4-day period in the left anterior oblique view and was 54 +/- 5% (mean +/- standard deviation), 98 +/- 1%, and 85 +/- 2%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were not enhanced by adding additional views (right anterior oblique, left lateral, and anterior) to the left anterior oblique view in the 3- to 4-day time period. However, using multiple views, localization of thrombi to the left ventricle was facilitated. In a second retrospective analysis, a comparison of day 0 with day 3 to 4 images enhanced sensitivity and accuracy to 65 (p less than 0.001) and 90% (not significant), respectively. Specificity was unchanged at 99%. Mean intra- and interobserver agreement was 91 and 88%, respectively. Thus, (1) indium-111 platelet scintigraphy is a reproducible and specific technique for identifying LV thrombus, and (2) we advise imaging on day 0 and again 3 to 4 days after injection of the platelet suspension in right anterior oblique, left anterior oblique, left lateral, and anterior views to maximize accuracy and to facilitate localization of LV thrombus.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1998

Automated intima-media thickness: the Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study.

Common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media thickness (IMT) from B-mode ultrasound is a widely used measure of early atherosclerosis. This study evaluated within- and between-sonographer reproducibility of automated edge-tracking IMT using a low-cost mobile scanner. B-mode images of the left and right CCA were acquired on two occasions (interval of 2-14 days) by two sonographers for 38 subjects, aged 31-75 y. Reproduciblity error was measured as the mean absolute difference (MAD+/-SEM) and the standard deviation of differences (SDdelta) between repeated measurements. Within-sonographer (MAD=0.027+/-0.006 mm; SDdelta=0.044 mm) and between-sonographer errors (MAD=0.041+/-0.008 mm; SDdelta=0.064) in IMT (mean=0.74, SD=0.14) of a single artery were small compared to those of other protocols. Combined averaging across both body positions and arteries reduced intersonographer MAD by 47% (MAD=0.022+/-0.003 mm; SDdelta=0.029 mm). These data demonstrate that the proposed IMT protocol reduces reproducibility error by more than 50% relative to several protocols used in other major studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Quantitative evaluation of the rate of myocardial interstitial fibrosis using a personal computer.

We investigated the reliability and reproducibility of an image-analyzing system run on a personal computer for measurement of myocardial interstitial fibrosis. Measurements of myocardial interstitial fibrosis in right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies obtained from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy determined by this image-analyzing system were compared with measurements determined by the point-counting method. We also investigated the correlation between measurements of interstitial fibrosis obtained by image analysis and biochemical measurements of myocardial levels of hydroxyproline in normal and cardiomyopathic hamsters. The intra- and interobserver variability were significantly lower for measurements obtained by the image-analyzing system than for measurements obtained by the point-counting system. Reproducibility was superior with the image-analyzing method. The rate of myocardial interstitial fibrosis determined by the computer image-analyzing method was positively correlated with the hydroxyproline measurement (r = 0.89). Our results suggest that an image-analyzing system using a personal computer provides reproducible results with a high level of reliability.

Adult↗