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PubMedDate not supplied

Composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils from Satureja wiedemanniana (Lallem.) Velen.

Satureja wiedemanniana (Lallem.) Velen (Lamiaceae) is an endemic species of Turkey. Aerial parts of the plant collected from eleven different localities in Turkey were subjected to hydrodistillation to yield essential oils which were analysed by a GC/MS system. Carvacrol, thymol, p-cymene and gamma-terpinene were found as the main constituents. Antibacterial evaluation of the oils was also carried out.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil and hexane-ether extract of Tanacetum santolinoides (dc.) Feinbr. and Fertig.

Tanacetum santolinoides, Essential Oil Composition, n-Hexane-Ether Extract Composition The essential oil of the aerial parts of Tanacetum santolinoides was analyzed by capillary GLC and GLC-MS. Altogether 30 components were identified. The main constituents were thymol (18%), trans-thujone (17.5%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (13.2%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (9.2%), umbellulone (9.7%) and 1,8-cineole (4.7%). Similar essential oil pattern in addition to palmitic acid methyl ester, palmitic acid, stigmasterol, sitosterol and two flavonoidal aglycons were found in the n-hexane-ether extract. The oil showed strong in vitro activity against E. coli, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Composition and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of some Thymus species.

The genus Thymus (Lamiaceae) is represented by 38 species (64 taxa) in Turkey, and 24 of which are endemic to Turkey. Aerial parts of Thymus longicaulis subsp. chaubardii var. chaubardii, T. zygioides var. lycaonicus, T. longicaulis subsp. longicaulis var. subisophyllus and T. pulvinatus collected from three different localities in Balikesir province were subjected to hydrodistillation to yield essential oils which were subsequently analysed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents of the oils were identified, and antimicrobial bioassay was applied. Thymol (56.6%, 42.8%, 36.9%) was the main component in the oils of T. longicaulis subsp. chaubardii var. chaubardii (chemotype I), T. longicaulis subsp. chaubardii var. chaubardii (chemotype II) and T. zygioides var. lycaonicus respectively. The oil of T. longicaulis subsp. longicaulis var. subisophyllus contained carvacrol (60.0%) and the oil of T. pulvinatus borneol (27.9%) as main constituents.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1987

Serum constituents and liver photomicrographs of wild Suncus murinus in the south of Taiwan.

Serum constituents and liver of the wild male suncus as well as of those bred and fed in our laboratory were examined serologically and histologically. The following results were obtained: The serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transaminase, inorganic phosphate, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, and zinc turbidity test levels of wild suncus were higher than those of 4 and 8 week old fed suncus. The total cholesterol level of wild suncus was lower than those of 4 and 8 week old fed suncus. In wild suncus, the total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels were higher, and the Ca and albumin levels were lower than those of 4 week old fed suncus. However, no significant differences were observed between the wild and the 8 week old fed suncus. Although the alkaline phosphatese and thymol turbidity test levels of wild suncus were larger than those of 8 week old fed suncus, no significant differences were observed between the wild and the 4 week old fed suncus. The histological study revealed the presence of fatty droplets in only 2 of the 67 wild suncus examined while fatty droplets (grade +) were observed in almost all the fed suncus. In one case of the wild suncus, moderate round cell infiltration in interlobular connective tissue was found.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Investigations on physiological values of blood in industrial workers. Report 3. Serum colloid reaction and enzyme activity values].

The purpose of this study is establish the physiological values of serum colloid reaction and serum enzyme activities representing the liver function. 1,732 industrial workers (1,035 males aged 35-65 yr, and 697 females aged 35-60 yr) were examined by the serum zinc sulfate turbidity test (ZTT) and serum thymol turbidity test (TTT) according to the standard method of "The Japanese society of gastroenterology," serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by Kind-King method, serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) by the modified Orlowski method, and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) by UV method. Then frequency distributions, geometric means, several percentile values of these six laboratory data and correlations among the values were determined. The results are as follows: 1) Frequency distributions of serum ZTT, TTT, ALP, gamma-GTP, GOT, and GPT almost fitted to the log-normal distribution. 2) Geometric means and 0-95th percentile or 5-95th percentile values in bracket were 6.6 (3.7-11.7) Kunkel unit for ZTT in male, 8.2 (5.1-13.0) Kunkel unit for ZTT in female, 0.6 (0-2.8) Kunkel unit for TTT in male, 0.8 (0-2.8) Kunkel unit for TTT in female, 6.6 (4.1-10.4) King-Armstrong unit for ALP in male, 5.5 (3.2-8.9 for 49 year or less, 4.6-10.3 for 50 yr or more) King-Armstrong unit for ALP in female, 15.8 (0-45) mU/ml for gamma-GTP in male, 8.4 (0-17 for 44 yr or less, and 0-20 for 45 yr or more) mU/ml for gamma-GTP in female, 21.4 (0-39) Karmen unit for GOT in male, 20.8 (0-35) Karmen unit for GOT in female, 13.9 (0-29) Karmen unit for GPT in male, and 12.7 (0-32) Karmen unit for GPT in female. 3) Serum ZTT and TTT levels were higher in female than in male. Both ALP and gamma-GTP levels were higher in male than in female, and have become high according to aging in female. Serum level of GPT was higher in male than in female. 4) There were significant positive correlations between serum ZTT and serum TTT levels, and also between serum GOT and serum GPT levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Inter-laboratory difference among eleven clinical laboratories in the Okayama City area.

The aim of the present study was to find the cause of inter-laboratory differences in laboratory test data and to examine whether control assessment helps to reduce inter-laboratory differences. Blood and serum samples of one healthy subject and one subject with liver cirrhosis were analyzed by 11 laboratories in the Okayama City area. No differences were found in the assay units of 26 tests surveyed. However, considerable differences were observed in test data, reference interval, and clinical level (CL), though most laboratories pointed out that the test data for the normal subject was within the reference intervals and those for the patient with liver cirrhosis showed abnormalities in tests for liver function. The difference in reference intervals was serious in the tests of direct bilirubin (D-Bil), thymol turbidity test (TTT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) and choline sterase. Marked differences in CLs were found in the tests of D-Bil, TTT, ALP, GGTP, creatine phosphokinase, amylase, heavy density lipoprotein cholesterol and white blood cell count. However, three hepatologists independently suggested that such inter-laboratory differences would not seriously affect a clinical decision on the disease status of the cirrhotic patient. Most tests that showed a trend error in a recent quality control survey appeared to have the same trend in the present study. These results indicate that inter-laboratory differences occur at various levels and control assessment are helpful in establishing, and therefore reducing, the level of inter-laboratory differences.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Ethnobotany and natural products: the search for new molecules, new treatments of old diseases or a better understanding of indigenous cultures?

Results of various projects on Mexican Indian ethnobotany and some of the subsequent pharmacological and phytochemical studies are summarised focusing both on chemical-pharmacological as well as anthropological (ethnopharmacological) aspects of our research. We have identified taste and smell properties of medicinal (vs. non-medicinal) plants as important indigenous selection criteria. There exist well-defined criteria specific for each culture, which lead to the selection of a plant as a medicine. This field research has also formed a basis for studies on bioactive natural products from selected species. The bark of Guazuma ulmifolia showed antisecretory activity (cholera toxin-induced chloride secretion in rabbit distal colon in an USSING chamber). Active constituents are procyanidins with a polymerisation degree of eight or higher. Byrsonima crassifolia yielded proanthocyanidins with (+) epicatechin units and Baccharis conferta showed a dose-dependent antispasmodic effect with the effect being particularly strong in flavonoid-rich fractions. Our ethnopharmacological research led to the identification of sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) like parthenolide as potent and relatively specific inhibitors of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, an important mediator of the inflammatory process. The inhibitory effect of SLs is very strongly enhanced by the presence of such groups as the isoprenoid ring system, a lactone ring containing a conjugated exomethylene group (alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone) and an alpha,beta-unsaturated cyclopentenone or a conjugated ester moieties. Our work also elucidated the NF-kappaB inhibiting activity of the photosensitiser phaeophorbide A from Solanum diflorum (Solanaceae) in PMA induced HeLa cells. Hyptis verticillata yielded a series of lignans as well as sideritoflavone, rosmarinic acid and (R)-5-hydroxypyrrolidin-2-one and is rich in essential oil (rich in alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and thymol). Other species investigated include Begonia heracleifolia, Crossopetalum gaumerii, Epaltes mexicana, Pluchea symphytifolia and Xanthosoma robustum.

Biological Products↗
PubMed2000

Is a mixture of gadolinium and iodinated contrast material safe during MR arthrography?

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine whether a mixture of iodinated contrast material and gadopentetate dimeglumine used during MR arthrography yields free gadolinium ion, a systemically toxic metal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mixtures of commercially available nonionic and ionic iodinated contrast agent, gadopentetate dimeglumine, lidocaine, and epinephrine were analyzed using a spectrophotometric titration with a gadolinium ion titrant and methyl thymol blue indicator. RESULTS: We found no significant dissociation of gadolinium ion when gadopentetate dimeglumine was mixed with iodinated contrast agents, lidocaine, or epinephrine in any of the dilutions tested. CONCLUSION: Gadopentetate dimeglumine and iodinated contrast material can be mixed before MR imaging without any release of free gadolinium and are therefore safe for confirming the intraarticular placement of contrast material before MR arthrography.

Arthrography↗
PubMed1989

[Some phenolic compounds stimulate the proliferation of human pulpal fibroblasts].

Phenolic compounds are widely used in dental clinics especially for the treatment of inflammatory responses of the dental pulp. However, the role of these agents in the repair of pulpal connective tissue is unclear. In the present study, an effect has been identified in several phenolic compounds that can stimulate active proliferation of pulpal fibroblasts. Human pulpal fibroblasts (HPF) were obtained from subcultures of between 5 and 15 passages. HPF in tissue culture plates were incubated in serum-free medium with several phenolic compounds at concentrations of 10(-8) M to 10(-4) M for 4 days. After incubation, cells were fixed, stained in culture plates and the number of nuclei counted. Phenol (10(-8) M to 10(-4) M) stimulated proliferation in a quiescent population of HPF, and the number of cells increased 27-41% compared with unstimulated cells. When HPF were incubated with p-chlorophenol, guaiacol, thymol or eugenol, there was a significant activation of cell proliferation (5 to 22%). Moreover, cell viability of the HPF was not influenced at all, except in the cases of p-chlorophenol and eugenol at concentrations of 10(-4) M. These observations may contribute to an understanding of the relationship between the stimulative effects of phenolic compounds and pulpal tissue repair.

Cell Division↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of saliva contamination on the microshear bond strength of one-step self-etching adhesive systems to dentin.

This study evaluated the effect of saliva contamination and decontamination methods on the dentin bond strength of one-step self-etching adhesive systems. Three commercially available "all-in-one" adhesives (One Up Bond F, Xeno III and Adper Prompt) and one resin composite (Filtek Z-250) were used. Third molars stored in distilled water with 0.5% thymol at 4 degrees C were ground with #600 SiC paper under running water to produce a standardized smear layer. The specimens were randomly divided into groups according to contamination methods: no contamination, which was the control (C); contamination of the adhesive surface with fresh saliva before light curing (A) and contamination of the adhesive surface with fresh saliva after light curing (B). Each contamination group was further subdivided into three subgroups according to the decontamination method: A1-Saliva was removed by a gentle air blast and the adhesive was light-cured; A2-Saliva was rinsed for 10 seconds, gently air-dried and the was adhesive light-cured; A3-Saliva was rinsed and dried as in A2, then the adhesive was re-applied to the dentin surface and light-cured; B1-Saliva was removed with a gentle air blast; B2-Saliva was rinsed and dried; B3-Saliva was rinsed, dried and the adhesive was re-applied and light cured. Tygon tubes filled with resin composite were placed on each surface and light cured. All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. Microshear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine (EZ test), and data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan test to make comparisons among the groups (p<0.05). After debonding, five specimens were selected and examined in a scanning electron microscope to evaluate the modes of fracture. The A2 subgroup resulted in the lowest bond strength. For One Up Bond F and Adper Prompt, there was no significant difference between subgroup A1 and the control, and subgroup A3 and the control (p>0.05). Bond strengths of all B groups were significantly lower compared to the controls (p<0.05). For Xeno III, A1 subgroup showed the greatest decrease in bond strength as compared to the control (p<0.05). On the other hand, it showed more resistance to salivary contamination after adhesive curing. There was no statistically significant difference among the control groups (p>0.05).

Air↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of blood contamination with 1-step self-etching adhesives on microtensile bond strength to dentin.

This study evaluated the effect of blood contamination and decontamination methods on the microtensile bond strength of 1-step self-etching adhesive systems to dentin contaminated after adhesive application and light curing. Three commercially available "all-in-one" adhesives (One Up Bond F, Xeno III and Adper Prompt L-Pop) and 1 resin composite (Clearfil AP-X) were used. Third molars that had been stored in distilled water with 0.5% thymol at 4 degrees C were ground with #600 SiC paper under running water to produce a standardized smear layer. The specimens were randomly divided into groups according to the 3 adhesive systems. The adhesive systems were used under 3 conditions: no contamination, which was the control (C); contamination of the light-cured adhesive surface with blood and reapplication of adhesive (Contamination 1) and contamination of the light-cured adhesive surface with blood, then washing, drying and reapplication of the adhesive (Contamination 2). Following light curing of the adhesive, the resin composite was placed in 3 increments up to a 5-mm-thick layer on the bonded surface. All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. The microtensile bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine (EZ test), and data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan test to make comparisons among the groups (p=0.05). After debonding, 5 specimens were selected from each group and examined in a scanning electron microscope to evaluate the modes of fracture. For all adhesives, contamination groups showed lower bond strength than the control (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference among the control groups (p>0.05). For Xeno III and Adper Prompt L-Pop, contamination group #2 showed the lowest bond strength among the groups (p<0.05). For One Up Bond F, contamination group #2 showed higher bond strength than contamination group #1 but showed no statistical significance between them (p>0.05).

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1984

Reference values for serum components in pregnant women.

Reference values have been collected for 11 chemical blood serum components during the three trimesters of pregnancy in 100 healthy pregnant women. The results used for reference intervals are presented as 2.5, 50 and 97.5 percentiles. Especially regarding S-Albumin, S-Alkaline phosphatase and S-5'-Nucleotidase the changes were most pronounced during the third trimester. S-Gammaglutamyl-transferase did not change significantly during pregnancy. For S-Aspartate aminotransferase and S-Alanine amino-transferase there were no significant changes in the mean values during the three different trimester periods. In the third trimester the frequency distribution of the enzymes became skewed to the right, i.e. in some women the enzyme activities increased noticeably more than in others. S-Na showed a significant decrease even during the first trimester and this lowering was slightly more pronounced during the second and third trimesters. S-Ca decreased in parallel with S-Albumin concentration. The changes in S-CaAlbumin-corrected were distinctly smaller than those in S-CaTotal. Throughout pregnancy, S-K, S-Bilirubin and S-Thymol turbitidy test values did not deviate from non-pregnant levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Enhancement of pulmonary drug absorption in the rat by bromphenol blue and related dyes.

1. Pulmonary absorption studies in the rat showed that intratracheally administered 5-10 mM bromphenol blue, bromcresol green and bromthymol blue markedly increased the absorption rate of 0.1 mM phenol red. 2. Similarly, 1-10 mM bromphenol blue increased the absorption rate of 0.1 mP p-,minohippuric acid, tetraethylammonium and mannitol by 2- to 18-fold in a concentration-dependnet manner. 3. Mannitol absorption was enhanced more by bromthymol blue, sulphobromophthalein, bromcresol purple, thymol blue and bromcresol green than by bromphenol blue or m-cresol purple. Chlorphenol red and phenol red had no effect on mannitol absorption. 4. The results indicated that certain sulphonic acid dyes increase the permeability of the respiratory tract epithelium, perhaps by increasing its porosity.

Aminohippuric Acids↗
PubMed1987

Complete staining of human spermatozoa and immature germ cells combined with phase contrast microscopy.

A method combining Janus green B and Thymol blue stains the anterior part of the head, the nuclear membrane, middle piece, and tail of spermatozoa light green and the nucleus deep purple. The method provides excellent stained preparations for the evaluation of sperm morphology by phase contrast microscopy. It produces significantly less abnormal spermatozoa compared with the Papanicolaou stain.

Azo Compounds↗
PubMed2002

Spice oils for the control of co-occurring mycotoxin-producing fungi.

The effect of nine different oils was evaluated on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and Fusarium moniliforme. The experimental design to examine the inhibition of mycotoxins involved the incorporation of each of seven oils into broth and patty cultures. The fungal mycotoxin was identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Clove oil (eugenol) was the most inhibitory to the growth of A. parasiticus and F. moniliforme, followed by cinnamon (cinnamic aldehyde), oregano (thymol and carvacol) and mace oils (myristin). Neem and eucalyptus oil (cineole) did not affect fungal growth. The feasibility of implementing the results of this study to control mycotoxin toxicity was examined by costoring whole and ground cloves with mycotoxin-infected grain. Addition of both whole and ground cloves markedly reduced the aflatoxin contamination of the grain. These results clearly suggest that commonly occurring mycotoxigenic fungi can be controlled with clove oil (eugenol), thus spice oil successfully inhibited the growth of A. parasiticus and F. moniliforme, regulated the production of fumonisins. and prevented the formation of aflatoxins. The social implication of this finding is that rural communities can prevent the formation of fungal toxins in contaminated grain by simple measures.

Aspergillus↗
PubMed1976

Vasodilating effect of ethyl apovincaminate on conjunctival vessels and simultaneous observation of parameters indicating adverse effect.

The vasodilator effect of ethyl apovincaminate (RGH-4405, Cavinton) on conjunctival vessels and its possible adverse effects have been studied in 17 patients of varying age (16-78 years) and diagnosis, as well as in healthy individuals. Intravenous 10 mg doses of the drug increased the arteriolar lumen in each case, the most markedly at 30 sec after administration of the drug, but at 90 sec effect was still significant. Before starting Cavinton, on the next day following injection and on other mornings after administration, haemoglobin, the leukocyte count, SGOT, SGPT, thymol turbidity, and blood sugar were determined. In the eight cases of juvenile hypertension urinary serum proteins were also registered after quantitative testing. The parameters investigated did not reveal any sign pointing to toxicity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Complexometric determination of diphosphonic acid derivatives. Part II.

The purpose of the study is to develop complexometric method determination of diphosphonic acid derivatives in pharmaceutical preparations used in the treatment of osteoporosis, vis., disodium etidronate, disodium tiludronate, disodium pamidronate and sodium alendronate. The visual end-point titration method involving either as complexing reagent Th(DCTA) or Th(EDTA) in the presence of xylenol orange or methyl thymol blue, uses the ability of these compounds to form complexes.

Indicators and Reagents↗
PubMed2000

[Liver function at the stage of intensive tuberculosis treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus].

Intensive pulmonary tuberculosis treatment was performed in 65 patients with this disease concurrent with diabetes according to the WHO recommendations. Among them there were 44 new cases and 21 cases with relapse. Comparing the hepatic functional parameters before the first intensive stage of treatment and after its termination (following 2-3 months) showed a regular and statistically significant increase in the activity of aminotransferases and a clear tendency for increases in the values of total bilirubin and thymol tests. These changes were equally pronounced with both treatment regimens in patients with types both I and II diabetes mellitus and within normal ranges and allowed the drug treatment regimens to be continued.

Antitubercular Agents↗