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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Single tarsoconjunctival flap (lower eyelid) for upper eyelid reconstruction ("reverse" modified Hughes procedure).

We present a two-stage reconstruction of partial or total full-thickness upper eyelid defects. In the first stage, a single tarsoconjunctival flap from the donor lower eyelid reconstitutes the posterior lamella, and a full-thickness skin graft reconstructs the anterior lamella. In the second stage, 5 to 8 weeks later, the skin tarsoconjunctival flap is severed. The single tarsoconjunctival flap we describe is analogous to the modified Hughes reconstruction for full-thickness lower eyelid defects and thus may be termed a "reverse" modified Hughes procedure. In the lid-sharing Cutler-Beard procedure, the popular alternative, the full-thickness lower lid is advanced into the upper eyelid defect. Our procedure provides greater stability due to the increased amount of vertical tarsus in the reconstructed eyelid. Also, in our procedure, the tarsoconjunctival flap is incised 1.5 to 2 mm from the lower eyelid margin rather than the 4 to 6 mm necessary to preserve the marginal artery in the Cutler-Beard procedure. With a follow up ranging from at least 6 months to over 2 years, the only complications among the 10 patients in our series were pyogenic granuloma at the edge of the donor lower eyelid, and mild, medial upper eyelid blepharoptosis. There were no cases of cicatricial entropion of the upper eyelid, a known complication of the Cutler-Beard procedure.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Free segmental paw pad grafts in dogs.

After removal of 1 metatarsal pad and formation of a granulation tissue bed, free segmental 6- x 8-mm grafts from digital pads were sutured into recessed same-size recipient sites in the granulation tissue. In 5 dogs, the grafted area had been denervated by excision of a segment of the tibial nerve at the level of the tarsus. The grafted area was not denervated in the remaining 5 dogs. In both groups of dogs, the grafts placed around the periphery of the wound healed, blocked ingrowth of delicate epithelium from the surrounding skin, and provided a tough keratinized epithelium that covered the wound's center. As healing progressed, the grafts coalesced as the wounds contracted. Weight bearing resulted in graft expansion to provide functional weight-bearing tissue. Dogs of the denervated group had clinical and histologic evidence of collateral sensory reinnervation of the denervated area. However, with the exception of 1 dog, results of sensory nerve action potential tests indicated that reinnervation may not have been by way of regeneration across the excisional gap in the nerve. Evaluation of reinnervation of the tibial autonomous zone in 2 additional dogs revealed clinical evidence that collateral reinnervation began between 19 and 28 days after nerve excision and progressed proximad to distad. Results of sensory nerve action potential tests indicated that reinnervation may not have been via regeneration across the excision site. Results of fluorescent tracer studies did not have positive findings regarding the route of collateral reinnervation. Segmental paw pad grafts can be used effectively to provide weight-bearing tissue on a dog's limb. With local nerve damage on the distal portion of the limb, collateral innervation can grow into the area to reinnervate tissues, including pad grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of temperature on homoeotic mutation expression in Drosophila. I. Homoeotic transformation in Proboscipedia mutants].

It is generally adopted that the homoeotic gene proboscipedia causes the transformation of the distal parts of proboscis into corresponding tarsal or antennal (aristal) segments. It is shown that actually the homoeotic effect of the mutation proboscipedia consists in the transformation of the oral lobes of proboscis into a whole prothoracic leg. Sometimes the distal parts of the homoeotic leg (segments of tarsus, claws) can coexist with or be substituted for by the aristal filaments. The transformation of oral lobes of proboscic into the leg is most conspicuous at 29 degrees C, while at 16 degrees C the substitution of tarsal structures by aristal ones is observed more frequently. The homology between the corresponding elements of the proboscis, legs and antenna (as revealed by the pattern of homoeosis) is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[An unusual cause of fracture of the femoral neck: bone sarcoidosis].

A case of pathological fracture of the femoral neck in a 84-year old female is presented. The histological examination of the femoral head showed sarcoidosis. This diagnosis was not known before the trauma. Other localisations of bone sarcoidosis were found in the tarsus and the fingers after a systematic X-ray check-up.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Exostectomy for symptomatic bony prominences in diabetic charcot feet.

Exostectomy for plantar ulceration is demonstrated to be a satisfactory procedure and one with significantly less morbidity and quicker healing than a more major reconstructive procedure such as arthrodesis. The predominance of Type I (midfoot breakdown) confirms reports on the natural history of the diabetic Charcot tarsus; the midfoot has a tendency to develop symptomatic bony prominences.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ptosis repair and blepharoplasty in the adult.

When contemplating upper lid ptosis and blepharoplasty surgery, preoperative evaluation is essential so that the patient and the surgeon have similar expectations as to the final result of the surgery. Blepharoplasty and ptosis repair can be performed as a combined procedure in the adult. The procedure involves excising excess skin and underlying orbicularis muscle, and in some cases, orbital fat. The levator aponeurosis is advanced onto the tarsus and the excess levator excised. An eyelid crease is formed during closure by passing a suture through the advanced aponeurosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Delayed tarsal eversion following periorbital trauma.

Delayed onset of upper lid edema with exuberant chemosis developed in a 3-year-old girl following blunt periorbital trauma. Examination under anesthesia demonstrated a tightly everted upper tarsus that focally compressed the underlying conjunctiva at the superior tarsal border. Injection of subconjunctival hyaluronidase followed by local compression and temporary tarsorrhaphy resulted in rapid resolution of the chemosis and restoration of the normal lid position.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1995

Effect of long-term administration of a prolonged release formulation of bovine somatotropin (sometribove) on clinical lameness in dairy cows.

A matched case-control study design was used to assess the effects of long-term administration of a prolonged release formulation of bovine somatotropin (sometribove) on clinical lameness and limb lesions in dairy cows. Cows treated with sometribove for at least 2 lactations (cases) and nontreated dairy cows matched by herd, parity, age, and stage of lactation (controls) in 8 herds were evaluated for clinical lameness (as assessed by gait abnormality) and limb lesions by 2 observers, using a standardized scoring procedure at a single herd visit. Although a high proportion of the study cows were clinically lame (43%), an association was not detected between chronic administration of sometribove and prevalent lameness. Of 21 types of limb lesions identified, 2 were positively associated and 2 were negatively associated with long-term sometribove use. Superficial laceration of the tarsus (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1) and superficial swelling of the metatarsophalangeal joint (OR = 4.5) were positively associated with sometribove treatment, whereas femoral lesions (OR = 0.2) and superficial lacerations of the femur (OR = 0.14) were negatively associated with sometribove treatment.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Anatomical possibilities of access to and blockade of m. femoralis in the dog.

The anesthesia (blockade) of canine n. femoralis may be performed either from lumbar or inguinal region. The insensibility of skin in the medial part of the thigh, tibia and tarsus as well as the akinesia of m. quadriceps femoris are attained by the anesthesia. The blockade of n. femoralis from the lumbar region often attains n. obturatorius as well. If the blockade of n. femoralis and n. ischiadicus was performed at the same time, almost all muscles of the hind limb (except m. pectineus, m. gracilis, m. obturatoris internus and m. adductor) would be inactivated, which may considerably facilitate minor surgical and postoperative interventions on the canine hind leg. Access to femoral nerve from lumbar can be recommended because of better results and easier performance and after the application of anesthetic the effect is faster and more efficient. The signs of the obturator nerve blockade were obtain in some dogs especially in dogs with long legs.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Total lower lid reconstruction: technical details.

The main complications of this type of lower lid reconstruction are lash loss or malposition, entropion of the upper lid, upper lid retraction, undue laxity of the lower lid, and lid margin deformities. These can all be avioded by meticulous attention to surgical details and dressing techniques. I believe that this is the best and simplest method of providing a lid of acceptable function and appearance. The advantages of this type of operation are: (1) The new lower lid is constructed of lid tissue including the tarsus and conjunctiva from the upper lid. (2) The function and appearance of the new lower lid are acceptable with practically no tendency to late retraction. (3) The function and appearance of the upper lid need not be interfered with. (4) No external scars are produced except when a lash transplant is done. This transplant leaves a small, hardly noticeable scar in the lower part of the opposite brow. (5) The technique is relatively simple and well within the realm of any well-trained ophthalmic surgeon. The obvious disadvantages are the surgeon's inability to inspect the eye for two to four months and the inconvenience to the patient of having one eye closed for such a long period of time.

Alopecia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tuberculosis of the tarsal conjunctiva].

A woman sixty-five old presents one pronounced swelling of the eyelids at the both eyes with the appearance of the multiple chalasions. The patient at twenty-six years old presented pulmonary tuberculosis, in the present stabilized. The morphopathology exam by a fragment of tarsus and conjunctiva shows an lymphocyt inflammatory infiltration with the presence of the epithelial cells and caseation areas. At level of conjunctiva it constats the presence of tuberculum follicles that are present too at the level of Meibomius canals of excretions. The disease is considered like an allergical reaction at endotoxin of Koch bacillus, secondary by some old tubercular lesions.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Development and biomechanics of the talocrural joint].

We have studied the development of talocrural joint in fetuses, newborns and children. The results of the microscopical, anatomical and biomechanical studies are as follows: 1. The distal extremities of tibia and fibula are joint not only by the distal part of the tibiofibular syndesmosis, but also by an articulation (articulation tibiofibularis distalis). Its articular cavity communicates with the cavity of the talocrural joint and is visible on its arthrographic pictures. This articulation enables the mutual shift and rotation between distal extremities of tibia and fibula-during the plantar flexion fibula turns and shifts round tibia anteriorly, by the dorsal flexion posteriorly. 2. We recommend to preserve the possibility of mutual movements of tibia and fibula in all cases of the surgical treatment of talocrural injuries. 3. Analysis of prostheses of talocrural joint showed why they cannot be functionally successful. They do not respect the physiological movements, the small articulations of tarsus are overloaded. Pain, arthrosis and functional collapse results in these small articulations, because the prostheses change the axis of movements and the biomechanics at all. 4. We have defined conditions for a successful talocrural prosthesis. 5. Study of the topography of the attachment of the Achilles tendon showed, that it develops medially from the axis of the extremity and therefore rotates in the fetus the foot in the equinovarus position. The tendon shifts till the axis during the second half of fetal life. When this shift is temporarily stopped or slown down, the syndrome of pes equinovarus congenitus develops. We recommend the modification of the surgical treatment of pes equinovarus congenitus: transposition of the Achilles tendon in the axial position.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1996

Leaving the eyelid to its own devices.

As oculoplastic surgery is preferred for direct closure of lid defects, spontaneous wound healing after excision of lid tumors is not common. Thus, spontaneous reformation of lid defects as an alternative treatment to surgical procedures was investigated. In 12 patients with a clinical diagnosis of basal-cell carcinoma, lid tumors were removed surgically by full-thickness excision in 1 group (n = 6) or cutaneous excision only in the other group (n = 6). The mean follow-up period was 5 months in the first group and 9 months in the second group. Cosmetic and functional results were satisfactory in all patients. The scar tissue simulated the former tarsus. The wounds were completely covered by a normal-appearing epithelium. Spontaneous wound healing may lead to considerable stiffness of the lower lid and to an acceptable reformation of the lid margin. There was no elevation of the lid margin and, remarkably, no secondary surgery due to an entropion or an ectropion was necessary.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone insufficiency fractures as an inaugural manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Primary hyperparathyroidism causes excessive bone resorption with a decrease in bone mineral density. Fractures of the vertebras and appendicular bones, however, seem uncommon, even in the long term. We report three patients who presented with bone insufficiency fractures as the inaugural symptom of primary hyperparathyroidism. The three patients were women, aged 62, 65 and 86 years, respectively, who presented with fractures of the medial tibial plateau, femoral neck of femoral neck and tarsus. Laboratory tests showed hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia and elevated parathyroid hormone levels. Apart from confusion in the 86-year-old patient, there were no clinical manifestations. A bone biopsy obtained in one patient showed increased resorption parameters with no loss of bone trabecular volume; the two other patients underwent absorptiometry, which disclosed a marked decrease in bone mineral density at the spine and femoral neck. There were no risk factors for osteopenia apart from advanced age and female gender. A parathyroid adenoma was removed surgically in all three cases. Vitamin D deficiency was a concomitant abnormality that probably exacerbated the adverse effects of hyperparathyroidism on the skeleton.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Geographic variability in the sexually mature phase of Ixodes persulcatus (Ixodidae). Experience in using databases on morphometry].

The aim of the article is to estimate geographic variation of Ixodes persulcatus adults as a whole. Intraspecific variation of the females and males of Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 1930 has been studied in eight geographical localities ("populations") of its distribution range (fig. 1.). The distance between western and eastern localities is more than 8700 km, between northern and southern ones it is approximately 2900 km. Twenty five to thirty specimens of each sex were studied in each geographical locality. The following eleven characters were used (fig. 2, 3): length of scutum (conscutum), width of scutum (conscutum), length of anal ring, width of anal ring, length of spiracular plate, width of spiracular plate, length of gnathosoma, width of gnathosoma, length of II-III articles of palps, length of hypostome, length of tarsus 1. The multidimensional scaling method by means of software package SYSTAT was used for estimation of relationships between populations on the basis of morphometrical data. The differences between the populations were revealed only from absolute sizes of organs, whereas their proportions (i. e. shape) were constant in all geographical localities. Fig. 4, 1 shows that females from localities G (Primorski Territory) and C (Tien Shan Mountains) occupy extreme positions. Fig. 4, 2 shows that males from localities G (Primorski Territory) and D (SW Altai Mountains) on the one hand and A, B (European) on the other one occupy extreme positions. Locality C (Tien Shan Mountains) is similar to F (Western Sayan Mountains) and to European (A, B) whereas females of locality C differ from A, B and F. Taking into account the partial discrepancy of relationships between populations in sexes we have united the data on corresponding characters of both sexes in the aggregate data base (fig. 4, 3). This was possible owing to the multidimensional scaling method. Fig. 4, 3 shows isolated position of the population G (Primorski Territory), specimens of which are the largest in sizes. The populations D (SW Altai Mountains) and H (Sakhalin Island) are morphometrically most similar to the population G. The population C (Tien-Shan Mountains) is represented of the smallest specimens. The European populations (A and B) are closer to C. The largest sizes are typical of the populations G and D associated with relict Tertiary landscapes of Primorski Territory and SW Altai with which areas of ecological optimum of I. persulcatus coincide. The smallest sizes are observed in the European populations (A, B) near the north-western boundary of the distribution range of the species, as well as in the Alpine population of Tien-Shan Mountains, near the upper vertical boundary of the distribution range (2000-3000 m above sea level). Climatic conditions of the habitat in these areas are similar to those of the northwestern part of the distribution range of I. persulcatus.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Leg regeneration in the cockroach, Blatella germanica. II. Regeneration from a non-congruent tibial graft/host junction.

The interactions occurring between host and graft leg epidermis at a non-congruent junction were studied in the cockroach, Blatella germanica. Graft and host tibia were cut perpendicular to the proximal-distal axis and two heteropleural combinations were used to reverse separately the two transverse axes of the graft relative to the host. Use of dark and light cuticle colour mutants gave a good indication of the graft or host origin of regenerated structures. Graft/host junctions regenerated segmented structures in various spatial arrangements, always comprising two copies of all structures distal to the level of the junction. It is concluded that the categories--two separate laterals, double lateral, completely and partially autonomous regeneration--reflect two processes. (i) If the graft tarsus is removed, graft and host may not heal together and interact, but form autonomous regenerates lying in mirror-image symmetry separating original graft and host levels. (ii) If interaction occurs between graft and host (or their developing autonomous regenerates) two laterals of dual origin are produced, one from each point of transverse axis incongruity. These laterals may secondarily fuse together to form a double structure originating from a point of congruity. The orientation and composition of the component tarsi of the double structure depend on the site of origin and the extent to which the two laterals fuse. It is argued that the four 'faces' and two 'transverse axes' of the leg are merely descriptive terms. A new model is developed whereby lateral regeneration arises directly from the circumferential organisation of the leg epidermis. Previous work has shown that position is specified continuously around the circumference, and that intercalary regeneration occurs by the shortest route between confronted positions. After reversal of one 'transverse axis' the shortest route between confronted graft and host positions is different on the two sides of each of the two points of 'axis' incongruity, and at these points the two halves of a complete circumference are formed. These lateral circumferences, like the terminal circumference exposed by amputation, cannot heal over by intercalary regeneration, and this leads to regeneration of distal structures. The model accounts for lateral regeneration after reversal of both 'transverse axes' by 180 degrees rotation of a homopleural graft. The possibility is discussed that there may be clonal restrictions on the circumferential positions which the progeny of a cell may occupy.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Adult leg development of Tenebrio molitor: I. Experimental analysis of the restoration process during morphogenesis (author's transl)].

The leg of the last instar larva, and especially the pharate pupa, of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera) shows considerable restoration ability. Restoration refers to the regeneration of leg structures removed during the last larval instar. This process involves only those tissues adjacent to the cut surface. At each level of the leg, amputation before a characteristic time leads to the restoration of a complete leg, but thereafter the new segments formed are hypomorphic or just lobes. After an amputation close to the pupal ecdysis, fragments are obtained, and these incomplete structures show that the restoration process has ceased. Just before the pupal ecdysis the leg is withdrawn from the cuticle, so a very late amputation does not effect the leg tissue and a complete pupal and adult leg is formed. The whole of the larval leg participates in adult leg morphogenesis, and histological techniques demonstrate a great correspondence between larval and adult leg segments. The larval trochanter, however, forms the adult trochanter and the proximal part of the femur. The larval tibia forms the adult tibia plus tarsus, except for the adult claws which develop from the larval tarsal claw.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eyelid reconstruction with irradiated human tarsal plate and aorta.

Reconstruction of posterior lamellar eyelid defects requires a tissue substitute that is either identical to the tissue lost (ex. surrounding or nearby tarsus) or donor tissue from another site that serves the same supportive role. Irradiated homologous tarsal plate and irradiated homologous aorta are potential posterior lamellar substitutes. Each provides a structural framework for the surrounding lid tissues to grow upon and are incorporated into the normal eyelid anatomy. Both the tarsal plate and aorta can be harvested, irradiated and stored in a refrigerator, ready to be utilized in those selected cases with severe tissue loss. They may also be utilized as a donor material in more routine lid reconstruction as an alternative. We discuss our experience with these materials.

Adult↗