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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Combined efficacies of lipoic acid and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid on lead-induced erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in rats.

One of the most intriguing phenomenon observed during lead toxicity has been attributed to lead-induced oxidative stress. The combined effect of DL-alpha-lipoic acid (LA) and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) on lead-induced alterations in selected parameters, which are indicators of oxidative stress in erythrocytes, have been studied. Lead acetate (Pb, 0.2%) was administered in drinking water for 5 weeks to induce toxicity. LA (25 mg/ kg body weight per day i.p.) and DMSA (20 mg/kg body weight per day i.p.) were administered individually and also in combination during week 6. Clinical evidence of toxic exposure was evident from the elevated blood lead levels (BPb) along with lowered levels of haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Ht). Lead-exposed animals showed enhanced membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the erythrocytes. Damage to the erythrocyte membrane was evident from the decline in the activities of the transmembrane enzymes, viz., Na+, K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase. Lead-exposed rats also suffered an onslaught on the antioxidant defence system witnessed by lowered activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Serum glutamic-oxoloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were also elevated in lead-exposed rats. Treatment with either LA or DMSA reversed the lead-induced biochemical disturbances encountered by the erythrocytes, but combined treatment with LA and DMSA was very effective in mitigating all the parameters indicative of oxidative stress.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2003

Subcutaneous injection of metallic mercury.

Deliberate self-injection of metallic mercury into subcutaneous tissue is uncommon. A 41-year-old lady with a history of schizophrenia was admitted to our hospital after deliberate injection of metallic mercury into her right wrist and antecubital fossa. Physical examination was unremarkable except for the injection marks over right antecubital fossa and wrist. The presence of subcutaneous mercury deposits in her right elbow and wrist was confirmed by X-rays and ultrasound scan. Three days later, erythema, swelling, induration and tenderness were seen over the injection sites. At the operation on day 9, mercury streaks were seen within the brachialis muscle belly, surrounded by friable necrotic tissues along the tract. A similar picture was noted in her right wrist. The necrotic tissues and mercury streaks were removed. The patient had been unco-operative and she only received incomplete treatment with dimercaprol and 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid. Her total blood mercury level (normal < 50 nmol/L) decreased from 101-151 nmol/L in the first two weeks to 42 nmol/L 3 months later. Her 24-hour urinary mercury excretion (normal < 10 nmol) changed from 55.7-209.5 nmol in the first 7 weeks to 125.4 nmol 3 months later. This case illustrates that soft tissue metallic mercury can produce local necrosis and may allow continuous absorption with persistent elevations in blood and urinary mercury levels. Therefore, early surgical removal of subcutaneous mercury deposits is required to prevent local complications and minimize the risk of systemic absorption and toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Combined administration of taurine and meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid in the treatment of chronic lead intoxication in rats.

The present study describes the dose-dependent effect of taurine, an amino acid and a known antioxidant, either alone or in combination with meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in the treatment of subchronic lead intoxication in male rats. The effects of these treatments in influencing the lead-induced alterations in haem synthesis, hepatic, renal or brain oxidative stress and lead concentration from soft tissues were investigated. Exposure to lead produced a significant inhibition of blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity, reduction in glutathione (GSH) and an increase in zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) suggesting an altered haem synthesis pathway. Only DMSA was able to increase the activity of ALAD, while both taurine and DMSA were able to significantly increase GSH level towards normal. Animals treated with taurine significantly reduced the alterations in some of the biochemical parameters indicative of oxidative stress. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels reduced significantly in liver, kidney and red blood cells, while GSH level increased. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) also showed an increase in blood and brain in animals treated with taurine. The data also provided a promising role of taurine during chelation of lead by potentiating the depletion of blood, liver and brain lead compared to DMSA alone. It can thus be concluded from the study that concomitant administration of an antioxidant could play a significant and important role in abating a number of toxic effects of lead when administered along with the thiol chelators.

Aminolevulinic Acid↗
PubMed2004

Arsenic trioxide poisoning: a description of two acute overdoses.

Arsenic is a traditional poison that has a history extending back into ancient times, as a medicinal agent, a homicidal poison and more recently in deliberate and unintentional self-poisoning. We report two cases of acute poisoning with an unwettable formulation of arsenic trioxide. Both patients had early gastrointestinal toxicity and were treated with early whole bowel irrigation (WBI). Chelation therapy with dimercaptosuccinic acid (dimercaptosuccinate, DMSA) was commenced within 24 hours and serial blood and urine arsenic concentrations were measured. Neither patient suffered any adverse outcome in spite of very high blood and urine concentrations of arsenic. Arsenic quantification in blood, urine and faeces suggested that enhanced gastrointestinal decontamination was minimally effective for decontamination and that DMSA for at least two weeks was required.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Effect of dimercaptosuccinic acid on toxicity of Habu snake (Trimeresurus flavoviridis, Hallowell) venom.

Habu venom (HV) incubated with dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMS) or thiosuccinic acid (TMA), was given subcutaneously to mice. The LD50 of HV was 19.7 mg/kg, and after treatment with TMA and DMS, it was 38.1 and 47.1 mg/kg, respectively. The logarithm concentration--mortality curve for the DMS-treated HV shifted to the right compared with the curve for crude HV. The curve for the TMA-treated HV was intermediate between these two. Decimal two mg of HV was then incubated with DMS, and such was given intramuscularly to mice. Hemorrhage and edema which occurred after administration of crude HV were markedly decreased with injection of DMS-treated HV, but the myonecrosis was not greatly affected. At 24 hr after the intramuscular dosing of 1 mg of HV into rats, lymphopenia, acute involution of lymphatic tissue, decrease in liver glycogen and lipid granules in zona fasiculata were apparent, indicating the mark of a stressor. When the DMS-treated venom was administered, the blood picture and histological findings did not differ greatly from the controls. As DMS has marked anti-HV activity, it may be used to investigate treatments for cases of Habu snake bite.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1982

Reversible effects of monothiol (D-penicillamine) and dithiol (dimercaptosuccinic acid) chelating compounds on methylmercury-inhibited choline acetyltransferase activity and high affinity choline uptake.

The effects of thiol compounds on methylmercury chloride (MMC)-inhibited choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and MMC-inhibited high affinity choline uptake of rat brain tissue were studied in vitro. D-penicillamine (D-Pc) and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMS) reversed the MMC-inhibited ChAT activity dose-dependently. Equilibrium dialysis of MMC-inhibited ChAT against the buffer containing 10(-3) M D-Pc reversed the ChAT activity almost completely. The reversal effect of D-Pc (monothiol compound) on MMC-inhibited ChAT was significantly more potent than that of DMS (dithiol compound). D-Pc and DMS almost equally reversed the MMC-inhibited high affinity choline uptake by synaptosomes in a dose dependent fashion. Washing with a solution containing D-Pc or DMS equally reversed the MMC-inhibited high affinity choline uptake in a dose-dependent fashion. Neither D-Pc nor DMS could reverse the hemicholinium-3-inhibited high affinity choline uptake.

Absorption↗
PubMed1986

Arsenic excretion after treatment of arsenic poisoning with DMSA or DMPS in mice.

The effects of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid, Na salt (DMPS) on arsenic excretion in arsenic poisoning were studied using ICR mice. One group of mice was given arsenic trioxide (5 mg As/kg, s.c.) and another two groups were given DMSA or DMPS (100 mg/kg, i.p.) immediately after administration of the arsenic (5 mg/kg, s.c.). Arsenic excretion in urine and feces was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results obtained showed a marked arsenic excretion in the urine collected at the first 12 hr in the group treated with DMSA. Further remarkable arsenic excretion in the feces was seen in the group treated with DMPS, suggesting that arsenic might have been excreted in the bile.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Dimercaptosuccinic acid loading test for assessing mercury burden in healthy individuals.

BACKGROUND: Oral chelation tests have been used to try to define mercury toxicity in individuals with dental amalgams, who are suffering from a variety of non-specific symptoms. METHODS: Self-reported healthy individuals volunteered to undergo an oral chelation test using dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight. Urinary mercury : creatinine ratios were measured pre-dose and 3 h post-dose. RESULTS: Urinary mercury : creatinine ratios were similar to levels previously reported in individuals with symptoms that could have been attributed to mercury toxicity. One volunteer suffered a serious reaction to DMSA. CONCLUSION: The oral chelation test using DMSA may lead to misleading diagnostic advice regarding potential mercury toxicity and can be associated with serious side effects.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Measurement of relative renal function. A comparison of methods and assessment of reproducibility.

A good correlation was found between relative uptake of 99Tcm dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and relative 131I orthoiodohippuric acid clearance in a group of 100 consecutive patients without evidence of renal failure. In the majority, attenuation correction was found to make no significant difference to relative function measurement. Those in whom it did could be readily identified by inspection of the posterior DMSA images at the time of examination. Two hundred patients were reviewed in whom serial studies had been performed over the previous 5 years. Differences in relative function greater than 5% indicated a high probability that a real change in renal function had occurred. We conclude that whilst renography and DMSA scintigraphy yield complementary information, relative function (L/L + R) can be measured equally well by either method, and the results are sufficiently reproducible to be clinically useful.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

The importance of using anterior and posterior views in the calculation of differential renal function using 99Tcm-DMSA.

Radionuclide techniques for determining relative renal function are well established. One simple method uses the count rate from static images obtained using 99Tcm-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). We have reviewed 277 DMSA scans and shown that it is important to obtain the geometric mean of counts from the anterior and posterior views in order to correct for the different amounts of attenuation for each kidney. If counts were obtained from the posterior view only, erroneous results would be obtained in 8% of children under 13 years, in 28% of patients aged between 13 and 20 years and in 32% of patients over 20 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The role of technetium-99m pentavalent DMSA in the management of patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.

In order to assess the role of 99Tcm pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid (99Tcm (V)DMSA) scanning in the management of patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, we imaged 10 patients with histologically proven disease. Nine of the 10 patients were scanned after removal of the primary tumour, but with symptomatic or biochemical evidence of recurrence. One patient was imaged prior to thyroidectomy. In eight of the 10 patients 99Tcm(V)DMSA successfully identified tumour deposits, and it has been shown in this study to be a cheap, convenient radiopharmaceutical for studying this group of patients, producing high-quality images with low radiation doses, and contributing significantly to patient management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of 99Tcm dimercaptosuccinic acid scans and intravenous urography in children.

A retrospective comparison of 99Tcm dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scans and intravenous urograms (IVUs) was performed on a large, unselected paediatric population to assess critically the relative merits of these two techniques. A total of 205 children were studied, providing 388 kidneys for comparison. The studies agreed in 81%, both being normal in 39%, and both abnormal in 42%. In 28 kidneys (7%), the IVU was abnormal when the 99Tcm DMSA was normal. There was a collecting system abnormality in 27 kidneys, but 10 kidneys also showed a parenchymal abnormality. In all these the parenchymal abnormality was global thinning on the IVU, and the contralateral kidney was small. In 40 kidneys (10%) the 99Tcm DMSA was abnormal when the IVU was normal: the abnormalities demonstrated were predominantly focal defects. After excluding IVUs of poor diagnostic quality, only 14 kidneys (3.6%) showed this disparity. The important clinical subgroups are infection, with or without reflux (27 kidneys), hypertension (4) and neonates with poor renal function (2). The one false positive 99Tcm DMSA was a result of an anatomical variant. Global thinning in a "normal" kidney on a 99Tcm DMSA scan may be overlooked when the contralateral kidney is poorly functioning and small.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Metastatic squamous carcinoma in the neck: an anatomical and physiological study using CT and SPECT 99Tcm (V) DMSA.

Technetium-99m (99Tcm) (V) dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) is a new tumour imaging agent that has been used to image squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck. This study has been undertaken to compare clinical examination with computed tomography (CT) (anatomical) and SPECT 99Tcm (V) DMSA (physiological) imaging in the evaluation of metastatic SCC of the neck. Twenty-five patients with head and neck cancer were studied. Computed tomography was as sensitive but more accurate than clinical examination in predicting the presence of cancer. SPECT 99Tcm (V) DMSA was inferior to both techniques in identifying metastatic disease. There is no role for SPECT 99Tcm (V) DMSA imaging in the management of patients with SCC metastatic to the neck. Combined imaging with CT offered no advantages over anatomical imaging with CT alone. There is no role for CT in the routine evaluation of the clinically N0 neck and the role of CT of the neck in the management of patients with metastatic SCC is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

99Tcm-mercapto acetyl triglycine in paediatric renal tract disease.

The use of 99Tcm-mercapto acetyl triglycine (99Tcm-MAG3), a new hippuran substitute, has been reported widely in adults but not in children. Our experience of its use in 100 infants and children for renography and indirect micturating cystography (IMC) is reported. The average age was 5.6 years. 65 patients completed IMC studies and nine patients had 99Tcm-dimercaptosuccinic acid (99Tcm-DMSA) scans performed on the same day. The majority of patients were referred for the investigation of urinary tract infection. 32 kidneys were found to be scarred on 99Tcm-MAG3 scans, 17 kidneys and ureters refluxed on IMC and 14 kidneys were obstructed. The results of 99Tcm-MAG3 scans were compared with those of other urinary tract investigations including ultrasound, micturating cystography (MCUG), intravenous urography (IVU) and 99Tcm-DMSA scintigraphy. No kidney which was scarred had a normal 99Tcm-MAG3 scan. All significant degrees of dilatation or obstruction on IVU or ultrasound were also detected by 99Tcm-MAG3. 99Tcm-MAG3 gave more information than any other single imaging modality and we believe it represents an ideal initial screening test in the investigation of urinary tract infection in older toilet-trained children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Case report: uptake of pentavalent technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid by pigmented villonodular synovitis: comparison with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and gallium-67 scintigraphy.

The scintigraphic findings of a patient with pigmented villonodular synovitis are described and compared with the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data. Intense uptake of pentavalent technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid without gallium-67 citrate uptake indicates that pigmented villonodular synovitis has the features of a hyperplastic or neoplastic lesion rather than an inflammatory lesion from the point of view of nuclear medicine.

Adult↗