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PubMed2002

Early unemployment can contribute to adult health problems: results from a longitudinal study of school leavers.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long term effects of early unemployment (a total of more than half a year of unemployment between the ages of 16 and 21) on health behaviour and psychological and somatic symptoms. DESIGN: A 14 year follow up of a cohort of school leavers was conducted from 1981 to 1995. Information was collected by questionnaires. SETTING: An industrial town in northern Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: The original cohort was defined as all pupils in a middle sized municipality in the last year of compulsory school at age 16 (n=1083). The participants were followed up between the ages of 16 and 30. The analysis included 96% of the original sample, 547 men and 497 women MAIN RESULTS: After controlling for initial health behaviour and symptoms as well as for working class background and late unemployment, early unemployment among young men and women showed a significant explanatory effect on smoking, psychological symptoms and-among men only-somatic symptoms after a follow up of 14 years. No correlation was found between early unemployment and late excess alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Early unemployment can contribute to adult health problems. Thus, youth unemployment constitutes a significant public health problem, which to a certain extent remains in adult age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Genetic counselling for handicapped school leavers.

A total of 287 school leavers with 299 unassociated handicaps from seven special schools for physically handicapped, visually handicapped, and deaf children were given genetic counselling from 1973 to 1979. The practical aspects of running this project are described. The risks needed were those of having an affected child: 54 (18.8%) were given a high risk (greater than 1 in 10), 89 (31.0%) were given a moderate risk (1 in 10 to 1 in 40), 69 (24.0%) were given a low risk (less than 1 in 40), and 83 (28.5%) were told that risk was the same as that of general population. Of the 299 total handicaps, 25 (8.4%) were thought to be autosomal dominant conditions, 38 (12.7%) to be autosomal recessive conditions, and 8 (2.7%) to be X linked conditions. Empirical risks were given for 145 (48.5%) diagnoses, and general population risks for the remaining 83 (27.7%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Analysis of Y listings and medical discharges of officer Cadets at RMAS from January 1994 to May 1997, with actions to prevent injuries.

During 1995 the incidence of training related injuries to cadets at RMAS increased markedly. This paper quantifies the numbers placed on the Y List and removed from training, and those medically discharged. The main identified causes were drill, weight carriage, endurance training and lack of sleep. The training programme was modified including alterations in footwear, length and timing of physical periods and a reduction in weight carriage. Following these changes there was a highly significant fall in Y Listing from January 1996 and subsequent medical discharge.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed2004

Distribution of symptoms of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder in Turkey.

BACKGROUND: A variety of conduct disorder (CD) symptoms are seen together as a symptom cluster. Among CD symptoms there are serious and stubborn antisocial behaviors: lying, swindling, running away from home/school, destructiveness, arson, kidnapping women, sexual abuse, and armed robbery. The objective of this study was to discover the relationship between CD and antisocial personality disorder (APD) and the distribution of the symptoms of these disorders. SAMPLING AND METHODS: The research sample consisted of 994 individuals between the ages of 18 and 65 years in Sivas province. Subjects were given the Diagnostic Interview Schedule-III-R (DIS-III-R) APD subscale. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence for CD and APD was found to be 21.03 and 3.02%, respectively. In both disorders the percentage of men was higher than for women. The comorbidity of both disorders was found to be 14.35%. The most frequently seen CD symptom in normal society is 'lying', but in those with CD 'initiates a fight several times' is the most frequently seen symptom. In those with APD the most frequently seen symptom is 'truant from school several times'. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying risk factors in children could be an important step in preventing the progression of CD and APD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Emotional problems of residents in psychiatry.

The authors used a questionnaire technique to determine the magnitude of the problem of emotional illness and poor performance during psychiatric residency, the procedures that are used to screen for or help disturbed residents, and characteristics that differentiate residents who are at risk. The data indicated that residents who have problems that lead to termination are rarely free of emotional disturbance. The general belief that women, foreign medical graduates, and minority group members are at higher risk for problems during residency was not supported; however, younger residents and transfers from other programs appeared to be at risk. A disturbing finding was the high rate of suicide reported. The authors stress the need for further work with the "marginal" resident and for research on screening and supportive procedures.

Achievement↗
PubMed1976

A seven-year evaluation of a career-escalation training program for indigenous nonprofessionals.

A community mental health center in an urban ghetto offers a career-escalation program in which indigenous nonprofessional mental health workers can earn a master's degree in the behavioral sciences. The program allows them paid time off for classes and study and also pays for their tuition and course materials. An evaluation of the first seven years of the program showed that only 56 of the 91 staff members who were eligible for the program entered it, and 23 subsequently dropped out. Only three trainees earned a master's degree, although 24 were pursuing or had received an associate-in-arts degree. The author briefly discusses changes that could make the program more effective, but he believes a community mental health center is not the best setting for a career-escalation program.

Achievement↗