Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SWINE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Age-related effects of single injections of dopamine on cardiovascular function in developing swine.

The cardiovascular effects of single intravenous injections of dopamine (DPA; 2, 5, 10 and 25 micrograms/kg) were evaluated in swine, less than or equal to 1 day to 2 months of age, anesthetized with halothane in 50% N2O-O2. Mean aortic pressure increased following all doses of DPA in swine less than or equal to 1 month of age. Renal vasoconstriction was obtained with 5-25 micrograms/kg in the younger animals and with 25 micrograms/kg in the oldest. After 2 micrograms/kg, renal vasodilation occurred in 2-month-old swine. Femoral and carotid vasoconstriction was elicited in day-old swine after 5-25 micrograms/kg DPA, but carotid vasodilation occurred in the oldest swine. Responses to 25 micrograms/kg DPA after combined alpha and beta adrenergic receptor blockade were generally vasodilator. Thus, dopaminergic receptors were unmasked and a postnatal maturation of these receptors was revealed.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

Positive human health effects of dust suppression with canola oil in swine barns.

A crossover trial was conducted to evaluate the acute human health effects of a dust control technology in a swine confinement facility. Twenty lifetime nonsmoking male subjects, with no evidence of allergy or asthma and no previous swine barn exposure, participated in the study, which included a laboratory session (baseline), 5-h exposure in a swine room sprinkled with canola oil (treatment) and 5-h exposure in a traditional swine room (control). Mean values of inhalable dust concentrations and endotoxin levels in the control room were significantly greater than those observed in the treatment room. Mean shift changes in FEV1 from preexposure to end of exposure were 1.1% (standard error, 0.63%) on baseline day, -1.9% (0.63%) on treatment day, and -9.9% (1.12%) on control day; the differences in the shift changes were statistically significant. Mean value of methacholine concentration that reduced the FEV1 by 20% (PC20) in bronchoprovocation tests on baseline day was significantly different from that on treatment day (p = 0.04) and that on control day (p < 0.001). Significant increases were also observed in white blood cell counts and nasal lavage cell counts on the control day in comparison with the other two days. Blood neutrophil counts after control room exposure were twice those observed on baseline and after exposure to the treatment room. Significant differences were also observed in IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 nasal lavage cytokines and in IL-6 serum cytokine. These results suggest that the canola oil dust control method is effective in improving indoor air quality in swine barns and reducing acute health effects in naive healthy subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease in miniature swine after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: similarity to human PTLD and association with a porcine gammaherpesvirus.

Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a major complication of current clinical transplantation regimens. The lack of a reproducible large-animal model of PTLD has limited progress in understanding the pathogenesis of and in developing therapy for this clinically important disease. This study found a high incidence of PTLD in miniature swine undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and characterized this disease in swine. Two days before allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, miniature swine were conditioned with thymic irradiation and in vivo T-cell depletion. Animals received cyclosporine daily beginning 1 day before transplantation and continuing for 30 to 60 days. Flow cytometry and histologic examination were performed to determine the cell type involved in lymphoproliferation. Polymerase chain reaction was developed to detect and determine the level of porcine gammaherpesvirus in involved lymph node tissue. PTLD in swine is morphologically and histologically similar to that observed in human allograft recipients. Nine of 21 animals developed a B-cell lymphoproliferation involving peripheral blood (9 of 9), tonsils, and lymph nodes (7 of 9) from 21 to 48 days after transplantation. Six of 9 animals died of PTLD and 3 of 9 recovered after reduction of immunosuppression. A novel porcine gammaherpesvirus was identified in involved tissues. Miniature swine provide a genetically defined large-animal model of PTLD with many characteristics similar to human PTLD. The availability of this reproducible large-animal model of PTLD may facilitate the development and testing of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for prevention or treatment of PTLD in the clinical setting.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Inhalation of swine dust induces cytokine release in the upper and lower airways.

In healthy subjects, acute inhalation of swine dust causes an influx of inflammatory cells into the airways and increased bronchial responsiveness. The exposure may also cause fever and generalized symptoms. It seems likely that proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the response to inhaled swine dust. Nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were performed before, and 7 and 24 h after the start of 3 h exposure to swine dust, during a period of work in a swine confinement building, in 22 healthy subjects. Lavage fluids were analysed with regard to the cellular response and concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Each subject carried personal samplers for exposure measurements. Inhalable dust and airborne endotoxin, 3-hydroxylated (2-OH) fatty acid and muramic acid were measured. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine was investigated 1-2 weeks before and 7 h after the start of the exposure. Exposure caused fever (> 38 degrees C) in three subjects, and approximately 25% of the subjects experienced symptoms. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine increased by 3.5 (1.6-4.8) doubling doses (median (25th-75th percentile)). Following exposure, granulocytes increased more than 50 fold in BAL fluid and more than 40 fold in nasal lavage fluid. IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta increased significantly in BAL fluid (p < 0.05) and nasal lavage fluid (p < 0.01). IL-6 increased 25 fold in BAL and 15 fold in nasal lavage fluid (p < 0.001). TNF-alpha was below detection limit (0.25 ng.L-1) in most subjects before exposure and increased following exposure to 3.8 (2.4-5.7) and 1.3 (0.6-2.3) ng.L-1 in BAL and nasal lavage fluid, respectively, (p < 0.001). Total inhalable dust was 20.5 (14.6-30.0) mg.m-3 and the concentrations of airborne endotoxin, 3-OH fatty acid and muramic acid were 1.2 (0.8-1.4), 3.5 (2.2-4.5) and 0.9 (0.3-1.9) microgram.m-3, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the IL-6 response in BAL fluid and exposure to dust endotoxin activity and 3-OH fatty acids (p < 0.05). Otherwise, no significant correlations were found between exposure and the cytokine response. We conclude that exposure to swine dust causes an intense upper and lower airway inflammation, which involves the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Developmental expression of endothelin receptors in postnatal swine mesenteric artery.

Studies were conducted to determine whether endothelin (ET) ETA and ETB receptor protein and mRNA expression is developmentally regulated in the postnatal swine mesenteric circulation. To this end, Western blotting and real-time reverse PCR were performed on protein and total RNA isolated from the mesenteric artery harvested from 3-, 10-, and 30-d-old swine. Western blot analysis revealed that ETA and ETB receptor protein expression in the swine mesenteric artery decreased over the age range studied; thus, ETA and ETB receptor protein expression was significantly greater in the 3-d-old group then progressively declined over the first postnatal month. Similar to the Western data, real-time PCR analysis revealed that ETA and ETB receptor mRNA expression also decreased over the age range studied; thus, ETA and ETB receptor mRNA expression was significantly greater in the 3-d-old group then progressively declined over the first postnatal month. Immunohistochemistry localized the ETA receptor to the vascular smooth muscle and the ETB receptor to the endothelial cell layer. Additionally, we report a partial cDNA sequence for the swine ETB receptor. We conclude that ETA and ETB receptor protein and mRNA expression is developmentally regulated in the postnatal swine mesenteric artery, being expressed to a greater degree in younger animals.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Perfused non-pregnant swine uteri: a model for evaluating transport mechanisms to the side bearing the dominant follicle in humans.

Adequate uterine contractility and periovulatory peristalsis, interpreted as "rapid sperm transport" to the side bearing the dominant follicle, may be a precondition for successful reproduction in humans. Estrogen and progesterone fluctuate characteristically during the menstrual cycle, and their source is the dominant follicle and corpus luteum. The question is, how is the direction to the left or right side of transport mechanisms influenced? An extracorporeal perfusion model of the swine uterus was used that maintained the uterus in a functional condition and that was suitable for the study of physiological questions. The effects of side-dependent estrogen, progesterone, and estrogen plus progesterone perfusion on oxytocin-induced uterine peristalsis were assessed using two intrauterine microcatheters placed in each horn of the swine uterus. Estrogen perfusion was associated with an increase in intrauterine pressure (IUP) in a dose-dependent manner only in the estrogen-perfused horn of the swine uterus. There was a significant difference between the IUP increase measured in the estrogen-perfused horn and that in the non estrogen-perfused horn of the swine uterus. Progesterone perfusion showed no effect in general. Furthermore, progesterone antagonized the estrogen effects. This study demonstrates that side-dependent estrogen perfusion resulted in side-dependent contractility in the swine uterus perfusion system used. These observations show that estrogen stimulates uterine contractility in the estrogen-perfused uterine horn and that estrogens may be the "trigger" for the transport mechanisms to the side bearing the dominant follicle during the periovulatory phase through their locally increased concentration and distribution via the utero-ovarian counter-current system in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Concentrated swine feeding operations and public health: a review of occupational and community health effects.

Recent industry changes in swine-management practices have resulted in a growing controversy surrounding the environmental and public health effects of modern swine production. The numerous wastes produced by intensive swine production not only pose a significant challenge to effective environmental management but also are associated with decreased air quality in confinement houses, potentially transferable antimicrobial resistance patterns, and several infectious agents that can be pathogenic to humans. Published studies have documented a variety of contaminants, microbial agents, and health effects in those occupationally exposed to swine, and these have provided the groundwork for an increasing body of research to evaluate possible community health effects. Nonetheless, several factors limit our ability to define and quantify the potential role of intensive swine-rearing facilities in occupational and community health. Our incomplete understanding and ability to detect specific exposures; the complicated nature of disease etiology; pathogenesis; and surveillance; and the inherent difficulties associated with study design all contribute to the inadequate level of knowledge that currently prevails. However; an evaluation of the published literature; and a recognition of the elements that may be compromising these studies; provides the foundation from which future studies may develop.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1979

Cadmium from soil amended with sewage sludge: effects and residues in swine.

Liquid digested sewage sludge from a Chicago waste treatment plant was applied to experimental corn plots starting in 1968. The treatment plant received a high proportion of industrial effluent and the sludge averaged about 200 ppm Cd (dry weight). Corn grain harvested from the plots in 1974 was fed to growing swine for 56 days, and other swine were permitted to forage on the plots during the winters of 1975-76 and 1976-77. The sludge-fertilized corn contained higher concentrations of nutrient and toxic elements, but did not interfere with swine performance. Minor changes in hepatic microsomal oxidases and red blood cells accompanied significant increases in renal Cd and decreases in hepatic Fe. Swine foraging on these plots ingested considerable amounts of sludge soil and accumulated significantly higher concentrations of renal Cd. At lower rates of sludge application the swine outperformed those foraging both on control plots and those receiving heavy sludge applications in terms of weight gain, in-utero piglet survival, blood hemoglobin, and tissue Fe concentrations.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2003

The respiratory inflammatory response to the swine confinement building environment: the adaptation to respiratory exposures in the chronically exposed worker.

Swine confinement facility workers often develop respiratory problems secondary to their work, including the asthma-like syndrome, exacerbation of underlying asthma, chronic bronchitis, and mucous membrane irritation syndrome. Organic dust toxic syndrome is seen in these workers as well. Swine confinement barns are characterized by the presence of multiple factors that can cause respiratory tract and systemic inflammation symptoms, including dust, endotoxin, and ammonia. Investigators have found evidence of inflammation characterized by increased numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and to a lesser degree, lymphocytes in both naïve subjects and swine confinement building workers. Interestingly, this inflammation is most pronounced in subjects with no prior exposure to this environment. This finding suggests that adaptation or tolerance to endotoxin or other substances in this environment is induced by repeated exposures. Interventions have been devised to reduce the risk of symptomatic respiratory disease from working in a swine confinement facility. The efficacy of several of these interventions was tested using objective measures of respiratory tract inflammation. Recent finding suggests that such studies should be done in swine confinement workers if they appear promising using testing of naïve subjects exposed to this environment.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of microleakage in human, bovine and swine enamels.

The suitability of bovine and swine teeth has been evaluated when they are used as substitutes for extracted human teeth in varied researches. This study evaluated in vitro the marginal microleakage in human, bovine and swine enamel. Cubic cavities (2 x 2 x 2 mm3) were prepared in enamel blocks from human, swine and bovine teeth. The cavities were filled with composite resin and conventional glass-ionomer cement. All the samples were thermocycled for 1,000 cycles (5 +/- 2 degrees C - 55 +/- 2 degrees C) and immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 12 hours. The microleakage was quantified by a spectrophotometric technique. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. The glass-ionomer cement presented significantly higher leakage means (microg/ml +/- SD) than the composite resin for all substrates (0.0695 +/- 0.01313 vs. 0.0471 +/- 0.0163, p < 0.01). No significant differences were found between bovine and swine enamel (0.0668 +/- 0.0246 vs. 0.0674 +/- 0.0286); however, both presented statistically higher leakage means than human enamel (0.0407 +/- 0.0195, p < 0.01). It was concluded that the microleakage pattern was affected by substrates, and that bovine and swine substrates allow higher marginal leakage than human substrates. The results indicate there should be precaution in the substitution of human substrate in laboratory studies of microleakage.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Augmentation of the effectiveness of porcine GH with swine antibodies induced by a synthetic GH peptide.

An effort was made to evaluate the potential usefulness of a peptide vaccine in improving the growth performance of farm animals. It was previously reported that a murine PS-7.6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) which was specific to porcine GH (pGH) enhanced the growth-promoting activity of pGH in an experimental hypophysectomized rat model. Additional data from a epitope mapping study suggested that PS-7.6 mAb recognized a pGH fragment corresponding to an amino acid sequence 54-95. In this report, therefore, a peptide pGH(54-95) was synthesized in an attempt to induce PS-7.6-like antibodies in swine. It was demonstrated that the peptide pGH(54-95) competed with PS-7.6 mAb for the binding to radioactive pGH in a competition radioimmunoassay and also caused pigs to elicit polyclonal antibodies immunoreactive to pGH protein. The association and dissociation rate constants of the swine antibody to pGH were 1.9 x 10(2) M-1 s-1 and 3.2 x 10(-4)s-1 respectively, thus producing an overall binding affinity of Kd = 1.6 x 10(-6) M. The swine antibody partially competed with murine PS-7.6 mAb for the binding to pGH, suggesting that the pGH-recognizing sites for both antibodies might be closely related. The biological effect of the swine antibody was examined in hypophysectomized rats and shown to significantly augment pGH activity in promoting the growth of these GH-deficient animals. The present findings suggest that a synthetic peptide may be developed as a potential growth vaccine for swine to generate antibodies capable of enhancing the effectiveness of endogenous pGH.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tracing nitrate transport and environmental impact from intensive swine farming using delta nitrogen-15.

Natural-abundance delta15N showed that nitrate generated from commercial land application of swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) waste within a North Carolina Coastal Plain catchment was being discharged to surface waters by ground water passing beneath the sprayfields and adjacent riparian buffers. This was significant because intensive swine farms in North Carolina are considered non-discharge operations, and riparian buffers with minimum widths of 7.6 m (25 ft) are the primary regulatory control on ground water export of nitrate from these operations. This study shows that such buffers are not always adequate to prevent discharge of concentrated nitrate in ground water from commercial swine farms in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, and that additional measures are required to ensure non-discharge conditions. The median delta15N-total N of liquids in site swine waste lagoons was +15.4 +/- 0.2% vs. atmospheric nitrogen. The median delta15N-NO3 values of shallow ground water beneath and adjacent to site sprayfields, a stream draining sprayfields, and waters up to 1.5 km downstream were + 15.3 +/- 0.2 to + 15.4 +/- 0.2%. Seasonal and spatial isotopic variations in lagoons and well waters were greatly homogenized during ground water transport and discharge to streams. Neither denitrification nor losses of ammonia during spraying significantly altered the bulk ground water delta15N signal being delivered to streams. The lagoons were sources of chloride and potassium enrichment, and shallow ground water showed strong correlation between nitrate N, potassium, and chloride. The 15N-enriched nitrate in ground water beneath swine waste sprayfields can thus be successfully traced during transport and discharge into nearby surface waters.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1996

Diagnosis of diaphragmatic trauma with helical CT in a swine model.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether diaphragmatic injury can be accurately diagnosed with helical CT in a swine model. The hypothesis of our study was that thin-section helical CT with sagittal and coronal reformations can reliably detect injury of the diaphragm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed in a swine model because of the similarity of the swine thorax to the human thorax. Ten swine had a limited abdominal helical CT (enteral contrast; 3-mm collimation; pitch, 1) before and after surgical creation of a 6-cm posterolateral laceration in the left hemidiaphragm. A repeat scan was obtained after 5 cm of gastric fundus was sutured through the laceration. The gastric fundus was used because it is the most commonly herniated viscus in human diaphragmatic injury. No IV contrast was used. Control, laceration, and herniation scans were reconstructed with 1.0-mm overlap and reformated in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes. Three observers scored each reformation as control or injury (defined as laceration or herniation) in a blinded and randomized fashion. RESULTS: Using helical CT, the observers were able to distinguish diaphragmatic injury from controls (p < .0001). The sensitivity and specificity were 92% and 87%, respectively, for sagittal reformations; 85% and 87%, respectively, for coronal reformations; and 73% and 80%, respectively, for axial reformations. Sagittal reformations proved superior to coronal or axial reformations (p = .01). The results were independent of individual observers: We found no significant difference in accuracy among the three observers. CONCLUSION: Helical CT can accurately detect diaphragmatic injury in a swine model.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The obesity gene in swine: sequence and expression of porcine leptin.

Leptin is a 16-kDa protein secreted by adipocytes that has been proposed to regulate feed intake in mice, rats, and humans. The present study was designed to characterize porcine leptin structure and expression. Successful RT-PCR resulted in development of a cDNA clone to the full length coding region of porcine leptin. Sequence data demonstrate 85% base homology to rodent, 88% to human, and a 92% homology to the bovine sequence. For assessment of porcine leptin gene expression, total RNA was extracted from the subcutaneous adipose tissue of genetically selected high backfat pigs and from contemporary crossbred swine. Total RNA derived from genetically selected high fat pigs contained 113% higher (P < .05) concentrations of porcine leptin mRNA than total RNA derived from contemporary crossbred pigs. Western blotting was used to evaluate serum levels of porcine leptin in genetically selected high backfat and contemporary, crossbred pigs. Relative levels of porcine leptin in sera from obese swine were approximately 306% higher (P < .05) than levels present in sera from contemporary, crossbred swine. These data indicate that leptin is expressed in pigs, the expressed protein is secreted into the bloodstream, and obese swine express higher levels of leptin mRNA and protein than nonobese swine at similar body weight.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2002

Nutrient composition of Kansas swine lagoons and hoop barn manure.

A total of 312 samples in two experiments were analyzed to determine mean nutrient concentrations of swine lagoons and hoop barns in Kansas. First, in a retrospective study (Exp. 1), we obtained 41 sample analyses from the Kansas Department of Agriculture of sow, nursery, wean-to-finish, finish, and farrow-to-finish operations in 1999. The average total N concentration was 899 ppm (SD = 584 ppm), while the total P concentration was 163 ppm (SD = 241 ppm). In an attempt to reduce the variation, we conducted a prospective experiment standardizing collection procedure, laboratory techniques, phase of production, and season of year to more accurately determine the nutrient concentrations of swine lagoons in Kansas. In Exp. 2, we used 236 lagoon and 35 hoop barn manure samples taken in 2000 from Kansas swine operations to determine the impacts of production phase and season of the year on nutrient concentration. The different operations with swine lagoons were: 1) sow; 2) nursery; 3) wean-to-finish; 4) finish; and 5) farrow-to-finish, with a total of 9, 8, 7, 10, and 8 lagoons sampled from each phase of production, respectively. The total N and P concentrations from lagoons were 1,402 and 204 ppm, respectively, averaged over all samples. Concentrations of total N were higher in wean-to-finish and finishing lagoons (P < 0.05) compared with sow and farrow-to-finish lagoons. Lagoon analyses also revealed that N concentrations decreased (linear, P < 0.05) during the summer and fall compared with winter and early spring. The concentration of P was greater (P < 0.05) for wean-to-finish compared with farrow-to-finish lagoons. Phosphorus concentrations for all lagoons increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) from February until June, but then declined steady throughout the remainder of the year. Average total N and P in hoop barns were 8,678 and 4,364 ppm, respectively. No seasonal changes in N and P concentrations were observed in manure from hoop barns. Season and type of production phase affect the nutrient content of Kansas swine lagoons, and producers will benefit from obtaining individual analyses from their lagoons when developing nutrient management plans rather than utilizing published reference values.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2003

Swine manure composition affects the biochemical origins, composition, and accumulation of odorous compounds.

Odors from swine production facilities are associated with the storage and decomposition of manure. Diet is linked to manure composition and will likely affect odor, but the microbial mechanisms responsible for manure decomposition and odor production are poorly understood. To identify the sources of odor during manure fermentation, substrates (starch, casein, and cellulose) were added to slurries of fresh swine manure, and the anaerobic accumulation of fermentation products and the consumption of substrates were measured relative to no addition of substrates. Volatile fatty acids and alcohols were the dominant fermentation products in all treatments. The total VFA concentration from starch treatment was greater (P < 0.001) than for all other treatments. Branched-chain VFA and aromatic compounds accumulated in all treatments, but accumulation in the casein treatments was greater (P < 0.001) than in all other treatments. Thus, addition of carbohydrate to swine manure slurries did not circumvent protein fermentation, as was previously observed in cattle manure slurries. Based on substrate loss, starch and protein fermentation were equivalent in all treatments, with losses of each exceeding 4% of the DM. Substrate additions had a limited effect on the overall accumulation of odor compounds in manure and on odor compound composition. Compared with the results of the earlier fermentation study of fresh cattle manure, swine manure fermentation produced less lactate and more products of protein fermentation (branched-chain VFA and aromatic ring compounds). We hypothesize that differences in manure organic matter composition between cattle and swine, a result of diet and digestion, select for bacterial communities that are adapted to the available substrate composition.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1988

Suppressed development of cultured mouse and swine embryos by diethylstilbestrol.

Effects of prolonged exposure to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) on in vitro development of early mouse and swine embryos were investigated. Two-cell mouse embryos cultured in Whitten's medium (WM) for 192 h were exposed to 10(-4), 10(-7) or 10(-10) M DES dissolved in 1, 10(-3) or 10(-6)% ethanol, respectively. One-cell to eight-cell swine embryos were cultured in WM for 192 h containing 10(-4) or 10(-7) M DES dissolved in 1 and 10(-3)% ethanol, respectively. Embryos cultured in WM containing 1 (0 DES1), 10(-3) (0 DES2) or 10(-6)% ethanol (0 DES3) served as controls. Hatching was inhibited (P less than .05) in mouse embryos cultured in 10(-4) M DES (3.0 +/- 2.1% vs 0 DES1, 25.1 +/- 3.7%). Similar (P greater than .10) percentages of mouse embryos hatched in 10(-7) M DES (36.4 +/- 5.4% vs 0 DES2, 29.1 +/- 5.7%) and 10(-10) M DES (44.4 +/- 4.4% vs 0 DES3, 38.9 +/- 5.3%). Diethylstilbestrol at a concentration of 10(-4) M failed to affect the development of one- to eight-cell swine embryos into blastocysts. However, compared with 0 DES2, 10(-7) M DES reduced (P less than .05) the number of swine blastocysts developing from one- to two-cell (36 vs 78%) and three- to four-cell embryos (50 vs 84%). No significant effects of 10(-7) M DES were detected on the ability of six- to eight-cell swine embryos to develop into blastocysts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Recombinant hemoglobin A produced in transgenic swine: structural equivalence with human hemoglobin A.

Recombinant human hemoglobin A produced by coexpressing human alpha and beta globin genes in swine, and purified from the lysate of transgenic swine has been subjected to detailed protein chemical analysis. These structural studies involving laser desorption mass spectrometry, separation of globin chains by RPHPLC, amino terminal sequence analysis of the isolated globin chains, the tryptic peptide mapping of the purified globin chains and the amino acid composition analysis of the purified tryptic peptides of globin chains have established the primary structural equivalence of the globin chains of the transgenic swine derived hemoglobin A with that of human hemoglobin A. These results demonstrate that the transgenic swine system correctly translates the human alpha and beta globin m-RNA; carries out the correct cotranslational processing of globin chains, and does not introduce any unwanted post translational modifications into the mature chains. Thus, the transgenic swine expression system is an excellent approach for the production of HbA for developing an effective hemoglobin based oxygen carrier.

Amino Acid Sequence↗