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PubMedDate not supplied

High performance ion exclusion chromatographic characterization of the vaginal organic acids in women with bacterial vaginosis.

Vaginal organic acids have previously been detected by gas-liquid chromatography, but we have applied an ion exclusion high performance liquid chromatographic procedure to the analysis of vaginal discharge samples. This procedure has the advantage of not requiring derivitization of non-volatile acids and provides the convenience of a technique which does not require the use of flammable gasses, while allowing the identification of at least 18 different acids from the same chromatographic analysis. Vaginal discharge from women with symptoms of bacterial vaginosis was collected on weighed swabs and analysed for the presence of organic acids. The results were compared to the organic acid content of samples obtained from the same cohort of women after treatment with metronidazole. In addition, samples were obtained from asymptomatic women and these samples were analysed in the same manner. The number of organic acids present in samples from women with bacterial vaginosis was greater than the number found after treatment or among asymptomatic women. Succinic acid appeared to be inversely related to lactate concentration and succinate:lactate ratios were greater among women with bacterial vaginosis before treatment than after treatment. Liquid chromatography has proven useful as a means of evaluating the metabolic end-products of vaginal microorganisms in situ.

Acetates↗
PubMed1979

Phosphodiesterase inhibition by succinic and related acid biphenylalkyl monoesters.

Biphenylalkyl monoesters of succinic and related acids represent a potent new class of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors. The biphenyl group is necessary for potent inhibition. The spatial relationship of the carboxyl and ester groups and alkyl chain length are important to inhibitory potency.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1993

[Chemical constituents of Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma].

Seven compounds have been isolated from Cistanche deserticola. On the basis of spectral data (NMR, IR, MS, UV) they were identified as beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, succinic acid, triacontanol, acteoside, betaine and polysaccharose.

Betaine↗
PubMed1965

RELATIONSHIP OF CARBON DIOXIDE TO ASPARTIC ACID AND GLUTAMIC ACID IN ACTINOMYCES NAESLUNDII.

Buchanan, B. B. (Duke University, Durham, N.C.), and Leo Pine. Relationship of carbon dioxide to aspartic acid and glutamic acid in Actinomyces naeslundi. J. Bacteriol. 89:729-733. 1965.-CO(2), which was essential for the fermentation of glucose to succinic acid by Actinomyces naeslundii, was also required for the synthesis of internal aspartic acid, for which the cells lack a permease.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1991

An oral treatment for lead toxicity.

Chronic lead poisoning has traditionally been treated by parenteral agents. We present a case where a comparison of ethylene diaminetetra-acetic acid was made with 2,3-dimethyl succinic acid (DMSA) which has the advantage of oral administration associated with little toxicity and appeared to be at least as efficacious.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Activity of oxidative enzymes of the Krebs cycle in the brain of animals adapted to supercooling].

Multiple (15-17) coolings up to the rectal body temperature (19-20 degrees C) without application of narcotic substances bring about various changes in the activity of the rat brain tricarboxylic acid cycle dehydrogenases: the activity of malate, succinate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenases increases significantly, that of isocitrate dehydrogenase decreases, that of pyruvate dehydrogenase--remains unchanged. The reaction to cooling in animals adapted to supercooling is also specific: in rats cooled for the first time in the state of "cold narcosis" succinic acid is mainly consumed in the brain, and in the adapted rats cooled down to 19-20 degrees C alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase plays an important role.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed2003

Catechol-substituted L-chicoric acid analogues as HIV integrase inhibitors.

HIV integrase catalyzes the integration of HIV DNA copy into the host cell DNA, which is essential for the production of progeny viruses. L-Chicoric acid and dicaffeoylquinic acids, isolated from plants, are well known potent inhibitors of HIV integrase. The common structural features of these inhibitors are caffeic acid derivatives connected to tartaric acid or quinic acid through ester bonds. In the present study, we have synthesized and tested the inhibitory activities of a new type of HIV IN inhibitors, which has catechol groups in place of caffeoyl groups in the structure of L-chicoric acid. Upon substitution of catechol groups at succinic acid, pyrrole-dicarboxylic acid, maleimide or maleic anhydride, the inhibitory activities (IC(50)=3.8-23.6 microM) were retained or remarkably increased when compared to parent compound L-chicoric acid (IC(50)=13.7 microM).

Caffeic Acids↗
PubMed1975

Isolation of the soluble substrate recognition component of the dicarboxylate transport system of Escherichia coli.

A soluble, periplasmic protein was isolated from Escherichia coli cells by chromatography on columns of aspartate-coupled Sepharose 4B. This protein has a molecular weight of about 15,000 and, as judged by competition experiments, binds the three dicarboxylic acids, succinate, malate, and fumarate and, addition, the monocarboxylic acid D-lactate. The periplasmic protein seems to be missing from some mutants of E. coli (designated cbt) which are incapable of transporting succinate in whole cells.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1999

[Studies on chemical constituents of Lysimachia pentapetala].

From the ethanol extract of Lysimachia pentapetala, six compounds have been isolated. These compounds were identified as triacontanol, beta-sitosterol, glycerol monopalmitate, succinic acid, flavonol glycosides and hitrite upon the date of mp, IR, MS and 1HNMR tests.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed1981

Gas-liquid chromatography in routine processing of blood cultures for detecting anaerobic bacteraemia.

Gas-liquid chromatography was performed on 233 positive blood cultures and findings were compared with culture results. Obligate anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 78 out of 79 blood cultures containing butyric or iso-valeric acids, or both; from 28 out of 69 blood cultures containing succinic acid; and from only one out of 41 blood cultures containing succinic but not butyric or iso-valeric acid. Good correlations (88%) were found for the recovery of anaerobic bacteria and the detection of butyric and/or iso-valeric acids. Detecting volatile fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography performed on blood cultures at the first signs of growth can therefore provide an early and reliable indication of the presence of anaerobic bacteria.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed2003

Pain intensity, illness duration, and protein catabolism in temporomandibular disorder patients with chronic muscle pain.

AIMS: To investigate whether the duration of chronic pain in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients is associated with a net depletion of amino acids, and a distinct process from pain intensity. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients defined by the research diagnostic criteria/TMD as having Type 1a muscle pain (TMD1A group), and 34 age- and sex-matched control subjects, were assessed for variation in urinary organic and amino acid excretion by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The TMD1A patients' mean pain intensity, assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS), was 5.4 (95% confidence limits: 4.5 to 6.3), TMD1A illness duration was 5.0 +/- 1.2 (SD) years, number of body areas with pain/subject was 6.3 +/- 2.4 (range 0 to 10), and symptom prevalence from the Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) was 25.5 +/- 11.3 symptoms/subject, which was higher than the controls (5.2 +/- 5.0 symptoms/subject, P < .001). TMD1A patient illness duration was positively correlated with symptom prevalence and body pain distribution, and all were independent of pain intensity. The TMD1A patients had: (1) and increased tyrosine:leucine ratio; and (2) reduced leucine concentrations (both P < .001), which suggests deregulated catabolism. Pain intensity was associated with: (1) changes in the multivariate urinary metabolite excretion patterns (P < .001); (2) reduced leucine concentrations (P < .001); and (3) increases in total urinary metabolites (P < .04), and in 2 unidentified molecules, UM28 (P < .001) and CFSUM1 (P < .002). TMD1A illness duration was associated with lower (1) urinary metabolite concentrations and (2) succinic acid and combined glutamine + glutamic acid levels, suggesting a progressive depletion of metabolite reserves. CONCLUSION: In TMD1A patients, total amino acid excretion was positively correlated with pain intensity and negatively correlated with illness duration, which indicated that illness duration was associated with a different set of metabolic anomalies compared with those identified for pain intensity.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Chemical constituents of Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight].

From the dry bulbs of Cistanche tubulosa six compounds were isolated and identified as beta-sitosterol, D-mannitol, daucosterol, succinic acid, D-glucose and D-fructose by spectral and chemical analyses. All of them were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Cycadopsida↗
PubMed1989

Azido derivatives of dicarboxylic acids for photoaffinity labeling of mitochondrial carriers.

New photoaffinity probes, N-(4-azidosalicylic)-aminosuccinic acid, 3-(4-azidophenylazo)-4-hydroxyphenylmalonic acid, (4-azido-2-nitroanilino)-N-succinic acid, 4-azidophenacylthiosuccinic acid and 4-azidophenylsuccinic acid, were synthesized and characterized chemically. They differ in the distance between dicarboxylic and azido groups, hydrophobicity and acidic moiety. These between dicarboxylic and azido groups, hydrophobicity and acidic moiety. These reagents can be applied for photoaffinity labeling of mitochondrial anion carriers and enzymes interacting with dicarboxylic acids. Inhibition and labeling of the dicarboxylate carrier is presented.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conjugates of cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline and poly(PEG-Lys), a water soluble poly(ether urethane): synthesis and evaluation of antifibrotic effects in vitro and in vivo.

Synthetic approaches for the preparation of macromolecular conjugates of the antifibrotic agent cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline (cHyp) were explored, and the efficacy of the conjugates in inhibiting collagen accumulation was investigated in vitro and in vivo. In one approach, poly(PEG-Lys), an alternating copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and lysine, was used as the carrier. To prepare pendent chain systems, cHyp was attached to poly(PEG-Lys) through an amide linkage [poly(PEG-Lys-cHyp amide)] or through an ester linkage [poly(PEG-Lys-cHyp ester)]. In an alternative approach, cHyp was incorporated into the backbone of a linear copolymer consisting of PEG, succinic acid, and cHyp units [poly(PEG-succinate-cHyp)]. Bioactivity in vitro was assessed by the ability of the cHyp conjugates to inhibit growth of cultured smooth muscle cells (SMC) and rat lung fibroblasts (RLF). Cell numbers were compared to control experiments in the presence of biologically inactive trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (tHyp). After a 5 day period, the presence of 8 micrograms/mL of cHyp delivered by poly(PEG-Lys-cHyp amide) resulted in a 47% reduction in the number of SMC (p < 0.05), the presence of 36 micrograms/mL of cHyp delivered by poly(PEG-Lys-cHyp ester) resulted in a 38% reduction in the number of SMC (p < 0.05), while the presence of 118 micrograms/mL of cHyp delivered by poly(PEG-succinate-cHyp) resulted in a 31% reduction in the number of cells (p < 0.05). An identical trend was observed for the inhibition of RLF growth. In general, poly(PEG-Lys-cHyp amide) was most active, followed by poly(PEG-Lys-cHyp ester) and the backbone system, poly(PEG-succinate-cHyp). Specifically, poly(PEG-Lys-cHyp amide) was over 100-fold more active in inhibiting cell growth than free cHyp. Bioactivity in vivo was evaluated by measuring collagen accumulation in subcutaneously implanted poly(vinyl alcohol) sponges in rats. Among the tested conjugates, poly(PEG-Lys-cHyp amide) was most active, reducing collagen accumulation in the sponge by 33% after 14 days relative to controls (p < 0.05). This result indicates that the covalent attachment of cHyp to poly(PEG-Lys) carries may be a useful strategy for the local inhibition of collagen accumulation in tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Porphyromonas gingivicanis sp. nov. and Porphyromonas crevioricanis sp. nov., isolated from beagles.

Two new species, Porphyromonas gingivicanis and Porphyromonas crevioricanis, are proposed for black-pigmented, asaccharolytic, anaerobic, nonmotile, non-spore-forming, gram-negative, rod-shaped organisms. These organisms were isolated from the gingival crevicular fluids of beagles. P. gingivicanis and P. crevioricanis do not grow in the presence of 20% bile. They exhibit less than 5% DNA-DNA homology with the type strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis (strain ATCC 33277), Porphyromonas endodontalis (strain ATCC 35406), and Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (strain ATCC 25260), which were isolated from humans, or with the type strains of Porphyromonas salivosa (strain NCTC 11632) and Porphyromonas circumdentaria (strain NCTC 12469), which were isolated from cats. The major cellular fatty acid of P. gingivicanis and P. crevioricanis is 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (iso-C15:0 acid). Glutamate and malate dehydrogenases are present in both species, and 6-phosphogluconate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases are absent; neither organism exhibits trypsin activity. P. gingivicanis and P. crevioricanis produce large amounts of acetic and isovaleric acids and minor amounts of isobutyric and succinic acids as end products of metabolism in GAM medium. P. gingivicanis also produces large amounts of butyric acid and small amounts of propionic acid, while P. crevioricanis produces large amounts of propionic acid and minor amounts of butyric and phenylacetic acids. The G+C contents of the DNA of P. gingivicanis is 41 to 42 mol%; the G+C content of the DNA of P. crevioricanis is 44 to 45 mol%. Catalase is produced by P. gingivicanis but not by P. crevioricanis; strains of P. crevioricanis agglutinate sheep erythrocytes, but strains of P. gingivicanis do not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2004

GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) carrier-mediated transport across the blood-brain barrier.

gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (sodium oxybate, GHB) is an approved therapeutic agent for cataplexy with narcolepsy. GHB is widely abused as an anabolic agent, euphoriant, and date rape drug. Recreational abuse or overdose of GHB (or its precursors gamma-butyrolactone or 1,4-butanediol) results in dose-dependent central nervous system (CNS) effects (respiratory depression, unconsciousness, coma, and death) as well as tolerance and withdrawal. An understanding of the CNS transport mechanisms of GHB may provide insight into overdose treatment approaches. The hypothesis that GHB undergoes carrier-mediated transport across the BBB was tested using a rat in situ brain perfusion technique. Various pharmacological agents were used to probe the pharmacological characteristics of the transporter. GHB exhibited carrier-mediated transport across the BBB consistent with a high-capacity, low-affinity transporter; averaged brain region parameters were V(max) = 709 +/- 214 nmol/min/g, K(m) = 11.0 +/- 3.56 mM, and CL(ns) = 0.019 +/- 0.003 cm(3)/min/g. Short-chain monocarboxylic acids (pyruvic, lactic, and beta-hydroxybutyric), medium-chain fatty acids (hexanoic and valproic), and organic anions (probenecid, benzoic, salicylic, and alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) significantly inhibited GHB influx by 35 to 90%. Dicarboxylic acids (succinic and glutaric) and gamma-aminobutyric acid did not inhibit GHB BBB transport. Mutual inhibition was observed between GHB and benzoic acid, a well known substrate of the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1. These results are suggestive of GHB crossing the BBB via an MCT isoform. These novel findings of GHB BBB transport suggest potential therapeutic approaches in the treatment of GHB overdoses. We are currently conducting "proof-of-concept" studies involving the use of GHB brain transport inhibitors during GHB toxicity.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed1987

Interactions between Treponema bryantii and cellulolytic bacteria in the in vitro degradation of straw cellulose.

To assess the contribution of individual bacterial species to the overall process of cellulose digestion in the rumen, cellulolytic bacteria (Bacteroides succinogenes and Ruminococcus albus) were tested as pure cultures and as cocultures with noncellulolytic Treponema bryantii. In studies of in vitro barley straw digestion, Treponema cocultures surpassed pure cultures of the cellulolytic organisms in dry matter disappearance, volatile fatty acid generation, and in the production of succinic acid, lactic acid, and ethanol. Morphological examination, by electron microscopy, showed that cells of T. bryantii associate with the plant cell wall materials in straw, but that cellulose digestion occurs only when these organisms are present with cellulolytic species such as B. succinogenes. These results show that cellulolytic bacteria interact with noncellulolytic Treponema to promote the digestion of cellulosic materials.

Animals↗