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[Population and households in urban and rural settlements].

"This article is based on an analysis of the demographic and socio-economic structure of the employed population in Croatia and their households, and it considers the importance...of social residential attributes and the permeation of the 'rural and urban populations and their closeness'...." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)

Croatia↗
PubMed1989

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Asia↗
PubMed1993

Gender specificity of geographical variation in morbid risk for schizophrenia in rural Ireland.

The morbid risk for schizophrenia was determined separately for men and women within each of 36 contiguous district electoral divisions of a rural Irish county in which all cases of schizophrenia satisfying DSM-III-R criteria had been sought. The distribution of morbid risk values for men (0.0-19.2 per 1000) was in accordance with a statistical model for random occurrences in space, while for women (0.0-38.3 per 1000) it deviated markedly from such a model; thus, morbid risk for schizophrenia showed very prominent geographical variations in women, but not in men. These findings may have a basis in factors that can show both spatial inhomogeneity and gender specificity in their consequences for schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Fluoride contamination of aquifers in the southeast subhumid pampa, Argentina.

A diagnostic survey was carried out of the groundwater in the southeast subhumid pampa of Argentina in order to determine the presence, spatial distribution, and concentration of fluoride. The area studied extends along the southeastern border of the pampa plains between latitude 38 degrees 18' and 38 degrees 58' S and longitude 60 degrees 43' and 61 degrees 43' W, covering an irregular surface area of approximately 6000 km2. The region has a large rural and suburban population that relies on this groundwater as its principal source of water for human consumption and for use in agricultural and livestock production. The variation in fluoride content in the groundwater is illustrated on maps of the area, showing that the whole region is affected by this ion contaminant. In 97.1% of the samples fluoride values exceeded the limits recommended by the Argentine Food Code for human consumption and indicated that the use of the water in livestock should be restricted. The quality of the water for irrigation purposes also was seriously affected. Critically affected zones were identified with a view to implementing public health measures to protect against this highly contaminated resource.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1984

[Mortality differential for cancer based on social class: the metropolitan region of Montreal, 1971].

Cancer mortality rates vary from area to area. Part of this variation is due to socio-economic characteristics of the area and part to other factors including the availability of health services. Three social indicators associated with cancer mortality are used to estimate variations between low and high census sectors within the metropolitan region of Montreal. The components of socio-economic status which have been used are revenue (median family income), education (college and university level) and occupation (higher status profession). For each of the three zones of the metropolitan area: the city of Montreal, the island of Montreal not included the city of Montreal, the north and south shores of the metropolitan area twenty five census sectors have been chosen which having higher or lower positions for each of the socio-economic components. For each group standardized death rates were evaluated for each type of cancer and the Poisson test was applied to judge whether the differences between the projected rate and the observed rate were significant. The results indicate a strong indirect relation between the standardized mortality rates and the socio-economic status in the central city. In the case of lung cancer, the spatial distribution showed district gradients of occurrence between the central-city and the suburbs.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Counterurbanization: the British experience.

"A classification of relatively self-contained functional regions is used to test for the existence of counterurbanization in Great Britain. It is shown that population deconcentration from Metropolitan to Freestanding Britain was underway during 1961-71 and increased in magnitude in 1971-81.... Reference to annual estimates of population, however, indicate that these counterurban shifts reached a peak in the early 1970s and that after the mid 1970s there was a significant narrowing of the range of growth rates along the metropolitan dimension. The early 1980s were characterized by a marked reduction in the rate of population loss from the larger metropolitan centres alongside a continuation of relatively rapid growth in the more rural parts of the country."

Demography↗
PubMed1989

[Problems concerning the population geography of China].

The author analyzes recent population trends in China, based primarily on data from the 1982 census. "Starting from the historical population development the present distribution of the population is analyzed, which, owing to the country's nature, shows its highest density in the eastern part. The major part of all working people is still working in agriculture, but they increasingly migrate into other sectors of the economy. In order to reduce the increase in population since 1978...marriage with only one child has been propagandized as [a] strategic aim. Since that time several measures for family planning have been taken. An interesting geographical problem is the relation between urban and rural population, which is discussed in the article in view of the municipal classification of settlements." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)

Asia↗