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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Dens invaginatus type II: case report with 2-year radiographic follow-up.

Dens invaginatus is a malformation of teeth probably resulting from an infolding of the dental papilla during tooth development. Clinically, it is frequently characterized by unusual crown morphology. It is common to see peg- or barrel-shaped teeth. The present case describes dens invaginatus in a lateral maxillary incisor (Oehler type II) with a barrel-shaped crown of a 12-year-old female patient; endodontic treatment and adhesive restoration were performed. After two years the tooth showed no signs of pathosis.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Interrelation between endodontic status, pathologic cemental granules and periodontal ligament adhering to the root of extracted teeth.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if the endodontic status has influence on the adherence of periodontal ligament (PDL) to extracted teeth and if the presence of "pathologic granules" is correlated to the endodontic status and/or the amount of adhering PDL. STUDY DESIGN: Extracted teeth with different endodontic status and exhibiting no marginal periodontitis were histologically examined. RESULTS: Observation of pathologic granules was related to a nonvital endodontium and to acute peroperative inflammation. Pathologic granules and denudation of the extracted roots were significantly related. Acute peroperative inflammation and low extraction forces were related to denudation of the roots. Such relation was not found for endodontic status, tooth type, root-form, and age of patients. CONCLUSION: The existence of pathologic granules in unexposed cementum is strictly related to teeth with a nonvital endodontium. There is no effect of the endodontic status on the adherence of PDL when an acute inflammation is absent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Histologic evaluation of direct pulp capping with a self-etching adhesive and calcium hydroxide in beagles.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pulpal response of beagles following direct pulp capping with Clearfil SE Bond (SB), a self-etching adhesive. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred thirty sound teeth from 6 male beagles were used. One hundred twenty teeth had their pulp mechanically exposed at the bottom of the class V cavities and were divided into 2 groups. In group 1, teeth were capped with SB; group 2 teeth were capped with calcium hydroxide cement (CH). Ten teeth were kept intact as an untreated control group. After 7, 30, and 90 days, 40 teeth from 2 beagles were extracted and processed for light microscopic examination. RESULTS: After the 7-day observation period, inflammatory reaction in the SB group was similar to that of the CH group (P > .05). After the 30-day and 90-day observation periods, inflammatory reaction was slight in both groups, but less dentin bridge formation was observed in specimens from the SB group than in those from the CH group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: SB showed good biocompatibility with pulp, but its ability to induce reparative dentin was lower than that of CH.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of ascorbic acid deficiency on primary and reparative dentinogenesis in non-ascorbate-synthesizing ODS rats.

Ascorbic acid is essential to the biosynthesis of collagen, the major organic matrix component of dentine. The ODS rat is a mutant strain of Wistar rat characterized by hereditary lack of L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase and thus is unable to synthesize ascorbic acid. ODS rats were given an ascorbic acid-free diet to investigate how ascorbic acid deficiency affects dentine formation in vivo. Histomorphometric analysis on their growing molars and incisors showed a significant reduction in both size and mineral apposition rate of dentine, as revealed by contact microradiography and fluorescent time-marking, respectively. A similar reduction in bone formation was simultaneously demonstrated in the mandible, confirming the previously reported osteopathic effects of ascorbic acid deficiency. When pulp inflammation was induced in lower first molars by making unsealed pulp exposures, specimens from control animals showed continuous deposition of an osteodentine-like tissue in the radicular pulp chamber; this type of mineralized tissue formation was greatly reduced in ascorbic acid-deprived animals. These results indicate that ascorbic acid deficiency hampers dentine formation under both physiological and pathological conditions of the dentine/pulp complex. ODS rats could be useful in investigating in vivo effects of ascorbic acid deficiency on the formation of dentine and other dental mineralized tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Vascular endothelium of human dental pulp expresses diverse adhesion molecules for leukocyte emigration.

The expression of adhesion molecules on the vascular endothelium of healthy and inflamed human dental pulp was studied immunohistochemically using antibodies for selectin family and immunoglobulin super-family members. In healthy dental pulp, some vessels reacted very weakly with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, and E- and P-selectin, and many vessels reacted with platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), but no vessels reacted with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), ICAM-3 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In inflamed pulp, a large number of vessels reacted strongly with MHC class II, E- and P-selectin, PECAM-1, ICAM-1, ICAM-3, and VCAM-1. This indicates that the vascular endothelium of the inflamed human dental pulp expresses diverse adhesion molecules for leukocyte emigration from the blood stream into tissue. Dental pulp is surrounded by dentin and isolated from other tissue, like an in vitro system, so dental pulp is an attractive model for studying the roles of adhesion molecules on the vascular endothelium in transendothelial migration of leukocytes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Distribution of Ia antigen-expressing nonlymphoid cells in various stages of induced periapical lesions in rat molars.

Periapical lesions were experimentally produced in rat lower first molars by exposing the pulp to the oral environment for 1 to 56 days. Temporal changes in the number and distribution of la antigen-expressing nonlymphoid cells in the periapical tissue were examined immunohistochemically on decalcified cryostat sections using OX6, a monoclonal antibody against rat la antigen. Influx of la-positive exudative cells into the periapical tissue was observed from 1 day postoperatively. Between 14 and 28 days when expansion of the periapical lesion was most evident, numerous la-positive macrophage-like and dendritic cell-like cells of diverse morphologies were found in the periapical tissue. The number of these cells showed further increase at 56 days postoperatively, when the lesion expansion had ceased. These results suggest the involvement of la antigen-expressing nonlymphoid cells in the development and perpetuation of periapical pathosis. They may act primarily as antigen-presenting cells, which are essential for the initiation of antigen-specific immune defense.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of human polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase, polymorphonuclear neutrophil cathepsin-G, and alpha 2-macroglobulin levels in healthy and inflamed dental pulps.

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are found in dental pulp secondary to carious exposures, periodontal disease, or trauma. Lysosomal degranulation of these cells liberates cellular proteases, including elastase (PMN-E) and cathepsin-G (PMN-CG), which produce connective tissue degradation. However, nonspecific pulpal tissue destruction can be modified by a naturally occurring serum protease inhibitor alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2-M). This study relates the concentrations of human PMN-E, PMN-CG, and A2-M in healthy and inflamed pulpal samples. Evaluation of 21 specimens yielded statistically significant differences between healthy and moderate to severely inflamed pulps for all groups (p < 0.05). No significant correlation was detected among human PMN-E, PMN-CG, and A2-M in the healthy tissues (P > 0.05). However, in the moderate to severely inflamed pulps, there was a significant correlation between PMN-CG and A2-M (p < 0.05).

Cathepsin G↗
PubMed1994

Endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with concrescence.

Endodontic treatment of a permanent mandibular first molar and a second molar presumably joined by cementum is presented. This case illustrates the difficulty in interpreting the vitality testing in such a situation. It also suggests possible irreversible pulp injury of a vital healthy tooth caused by extension of the inflammatory periapical pathosis of the adjacent tooth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Interleukin-1 alpha stimulates interstitial collagenase gene expression in human dental pulp fibroblast.

Interstitial collagenase (matrix metalloprotease-1) is a member of a family of matrix metalloproteases and is thought to play a role in degradation of the extracellular components, such as collagens in normal extracellular matrix remodeling and in many disease processes. We examined interstitial collagenase mRNA expression in human dental pulp fibroblast cultures by Northern blot analysis. These cells did not express interstitial collagenase mRNA in an unstimulated condition. Inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 alpha, induced interstitial collagenase mRNA expression in these cells. The interstitial collagenase mRNA levels began to increase after 2-h exposure, reaching a maximum after 8 h, then dropping to the unstimulated level at 48 h. These effects were observed in a dose-dependent manner in a dose range of 0.1 to 10 ng/ml. Transforming growth factor-beta reduced the levels of interstitial collagenase mRNA expression that were induced by interleukin-1 alpha. These observations suggest that interstitial collagenase mRNA expression in human dental pulp fibroblasts is regulated by the inflammatory cytokines and that interstitial collagenase may play a role in tissue degradation in inflamed dental pulp.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Pseudocyst of the maxillary sinus.

A case report is presented involving the endodontic retreatment of a maxillary second molar associated with a sinus radiopacity. Disappearance of sinus pathosis occurred within 6 days after root canal debridement. A direct relationship between apical pathosis and a pseudocyst of the maxillary sinus is suggested. Thirteen-month recall shows no recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effects of lipopolysaccharides on human dental pulp cells.

Human dental pulp cells were treated with 1, 10, and 100 micrograms/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The effects of treatment were examined by measurement of the DNA content, protein content, and alkaline phosphatase activity of the cells. LPS samples were purified from Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum isolated from root canals, and Escherichia coli 0111:B4 LPS was used as a positive control. At a concentration of 1 microgram/ml, none of the LPSs caused any change in the production of DNA or protein, whereas the amount of DNA was increased at 10 micrograms/ml and inhibited at 100 micrograms/ml. Protein synthesis was decreased by LPSs at both 10 and 100 micrograms/ml. Alkaline phosphatase activity was not changed at any concentration of LPS tested.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1995

Quantitative analysis of immunoglobulins and inflammatory factors in human pulpal blood from exposed pulps.

The levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) and inflammatory factors (elastase, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) in the blood of human dental pulp were quantified, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The pulpal blood samples were obtained with nylon fiber pellets from normal and inflamed dental pulp at pulp sites exposed on pulpectomy. Statistically significant differences between normal and inflamed pulp were found in the levels of IgG (p < 0.01), IgA (p < 0.05), IgM (p < 0.01), elastase (p < 0.05), and prostaglandin E2 (p < 0.01). These findings indicate that these factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulpal disease, and the sampling methods used in this study are useful for examination of pulpal inflammation.

Biomarkers↗