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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Domestic Rhodnius ecuadoriensis (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) infestation in Northern Peru: a comparative trial of detection methods during a six-month follow-up.

Two passive methods in the assessment of intradomiciliary infestation by Rhodnius ecuadoriensis were tested: (i) the Gomes Nu ez sensor box (GN), (ii) sheets of white typing paper and (iii) one active timed manual method. The study was carried out in the Alto Chicama River Valley, Province of Gran Chim , Department of La Libertad. The study design consisted of an initial searching of triatomines inside of the domestic environment by the manual capture active procedure (man/hour) covering all the studied houses. Then, matched pairs of GN boxes and paper sheets were simultaneously installed in the bedrooms of 207 households distributed in 19 localities. A comparative prospective trial of these passive detection devices were monitored at 2, 4 and, finally 6 months follow-up. Parasitological Trypanosoma rangeli and/or T. cruzi infections were investigated in two houses with high level of infestation by R. ecuadoriensis. 16.9% of the 207 households investigated by an initial active manual method were infested with R. ecuadoriensis. The proportion of infested houses fluctuated from 6.2 to 55.5% amongst the 19 localities investigated. T. rangeli natural infection was detected in R. ecuadoriensis specimens collected in two households. Parasite rates in the bugs ranged from 16.6 to 21.7% respectively. The most striking fact was an average rate of salivary gland infection ranging from 7.4 to 8.3%. At the end of the sixth month period, a cumulative incidence of 31.4% of positive GN boxes against 15.9% for paper sheets was recorded. All three methods combined detected domestic infestation in 129 (62.3%) of the 207 houses studied in the 19 localities. The range of houses infested varies from 6.7% to 92.9%. In areas with low bug density infestation rates, the methodology experienced in our studies, seems to be the best choice for investigations on domestic R. ecuadoriensis populations.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Notes on human cases of cystic echinococcosis in Peru.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a high prevalent zoonosis in the central and southern Peruvian Andes. Serum samples (n50)from patients presenting presumptive clinical and radiological diagnosis of CE (group 1), were tested for antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus metacestode using Arc-5 double diffusion assay (DD5), immunoelectrophoresis (IEF), and immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) techniques. Serum samples (n18) from patients presenting other parasite infections (paragonomiasis, cysticercosis, and fascioliasis) or healthy blood donors (n15), were designated as control groups. The overall sensitivity of the tests was of 94% (DD5 and IEF tests) or 96% (EITB test). Only patients from group 1 were seropositive for CE. Polypeptides of 21, 31, and 48 kDa were considered positive for CE. Based on these results, this study demonstrates that CE also occurs in other coastal departments (Piura, Ancash, Ica, Arequipa, and Tacna) besides Lima.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differences and similarities in sexual and contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among Latino male adolescent students in California, United States and Lima, Peru.

To identify the differences and similarities in sexual and contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among Latino male adolescent students living in California and Lima. Self-administered, anonymous surveys were completed by Latino male students aged 12-19 participating in California, and by male adolescent students in four high schools in Lima. Both surveys contained similar questions allowing for comparisons regarding sexual activity and contraceptive behavior. The mean age of male students were 16 and 15 years, respectively. More California males reported having engaged in sexual intercourse (69% vs 43%. The sexual debut was 13 years in both samples. More students in California were aware of their risk of pregnancy at first sexual intercourse than in Lima (82% vs 50%). One-third of the California males reported communicating with their partner about sex and contraception to be "easy" as compared to 53% of males in Lima. More students in California reported knowing a place to obtain contraceptives if they need them (85% vs 63%), having ever gotten someone pregnant (29% vs 7%), and having fathered a child (67% vs 16%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Gender and the working woman in Peru].

This study identifies the peruvian women's labor conditions and its social and historical determinants due to social class, race and gender differences that influence women subordination in social structure. Bibliographic review shows that the peruvian working woman situation experienced great and deep changes in time, as a result of ideological and cultural patriarchal patterns that culminated in the current capitalist society.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed2004

[Protection factors and risks associated with alcohol use in adolescents with alcohol-addicted parents in Peru].

This research aimed to identify and analyze the protection factors and risks associated with alcohol use in adolescents between 12 and 18 years old, whose parents are addicted to alcohol. This is a quantitative and exploratory study. Data were collected by means of the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI), which to quantify and categorize substance abuse indices with respect to physical, work and family conditions; peer relations and relation with the academician. Adolescents whose parents are addicted to alcohol demonstrated and in some cases even intoxication, but without a frequent use pattern. The risks and protection factors with respect to alcohol use among adolescents are associated, to a lesser or greater extent, with the behavior of family members and friends, as well as with the social context the youngsters are inserted in.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Loss of maternally acquired measles antibodies in well-nourished infants and response to measles vaccination, Peru.

Clinical, anthropometric, and serological evaluations were conducted at birth and at 3, 6, 9, and 10 months (post measles vaccination) in 34 well-nourished Peruvian infants. Seroconversion rate after measles vaccination was 94 percent. The rate of antibody loss was a direct function of birth titer; at age 9 months, all children had identical mean titers regardless of their titer at birth. Differences in maternally acquired measles antibodies at birth were important only during the first six months of life.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Maternal feeding behavior and child acceptance of food during diarrhea, convalescence, and health in the central Sierra of Peru.

Feeding patterns by mothers and child acceptance of food were measured in a Peruvian village to determine changes on days when children had diarrhea as compared to days of convalescence and health. Morbidity surveillance identified 40 children, aged 4-36 months, with diarrhea. Children were followed using twelve-hour in-home structured observations during two to four days each of diarrhea, convalescence, and health. Using scales of maternal encouragement to eat and child acceptance of food and cumulative logistic regression analyses, maternal encouragement to eat decreased significantly during convalescence compared to diarrheal days (OR: 0.54, 90% CI: 0.35, 0.82) and health compared to diarrhea (OR: 0.65, 90% CI: 0.46, 0.93). In contrast, child acceptance of food increased during health compared to diarrhea (OR: 1.55, 90% CI: 1.02, 2.35). Results illustrate the importance of carefully examining the behavioral aspects of nutritional intake. Decreases in intake during diarrhea are due to anorexia and not withdrawal of food by mothers. In response to reductions in child appetite during illness, mothers are more likely to encourage children to eat, while they tend to become more passive feeders after the diarrhea has stopped. Program efforts should focus on messages to feed children more actively especially after diarrhea episodes, when appetite levels increase.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Neonatal tetanus in Peru: risk assessment with modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and toxoid skin test.

We used a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate tetanus immunity in 232 pregnant Peruvian women. One hundred forty-two (61.2%) had protective antitoxin titers (> or = 0.01 IU/mL). Protective titers correlated positively with the number of toxoid doses reported during the current pregnancy. A majority of women reporting no toxoid doses during the current pregnancy had at least one prenatal health care visit. We evaluated a toxoid skin test in 44 of the subjects, but it correlated poorly with the ELISA. The modified ELISA is a useful in vitro method for studying tetanus immunity in the developing world.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pretravel health advice among international travelers visiting Cuzco, Peru.

BACKGROUND: Cuzco, a Peruvian city of historical interest located 3,326 m above sea level, is a frequent destination for tourists. We conducted a descriptive study to assess the extent and sources of pretravel health advice received by international travelers before their arrival to Cuzco. METHODS: Data were collected as part of a health survey among travelers. Between August and November 2002, travelers between 15 and 65 years old were invited to fill out a questionnaire in the departing area of Cuzco's international airport. RESULTS: A total of 5,988 travelers participated. The mean age was 35.4 years (SD 11.4 yr); 50.6% were female and 50.8% were single. Tourism was the reason for traveling in 90.2% of the participants, and 89.3% of them were traveling with companions. Pretravel health information was received by 93.6%. The median number of information sources was two, with books (41.5%), travel medicine clinics (38.8%), the Internet (23.3%), and general practitioners (22.7%) as the main sources. Most frequently received recommendations were about safe food and water consumption (85%), use of insect repellents (66.0%), sunburn protection (64.4%), and condom use (22%). Only 16.5% took medication to prevent altitude sickness, and 14.2% took medication to prevent traveler's diarrhea. Variables independently associated with receiving pretravel health information from a health care professional were female gender, country of residence other than the United States, length of stay in Cuzco > 7 days, length of stay in other Peruvian cities > 7 days, tourism as the main reason for visiting Cuzco, traveling with companions, and consulting of more than one source of information. CONCLUSIONS: Most travelers arriving to Cuzco had received pretravel health information, and the majority obtained it from more than one source. Recommendations addressed for specific health risks, such as altitude sickness prophylaxis, were received by few travelers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Aspects of meaning of life in different subcultures in Peru.

The categorization system for perceptions of meaning of life developed by Ebersole, et al. was applied in four different Peruvian subsamples (middle/upper-class university students, lower-class night students, slum dwellers who had emigrated from the South Andes and settled in the capital, and Highland Indians), totaling 168 participants. Analysis showed most answers could be satisfactorily fitted into the eight categories, although slight modifications had to be made and two more categories had to be created. For middle/upper-class students, lower-class night students, and slum dwellers, Growth was the most important category followed by Relationships. In contrast, the major topic within the Indian sample of the South Andes was Relationships, whereas Growth turned out to be irrelevant. More educated subjects described meaning of life in a more abstract way than less educated subjects. The discrepancies between the subsamples suggest that individual concepts of meaning of life contain culture-specific as well as universal elements.

Adolescent↗