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PubMed1992

Obstacles encountered in the development of the low vision enhancement system.

The Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute and the NASA Stennis Space Center are collaborating on the development of a new high technology low vision aid called the Low Vision Enhancement System (LVES). The LVES consists of a binocular head-mounted video display system, video cameras mounted on the head-mounted display, and real-time video image processing in a system package that is battery powered and portable. Through a phased development approach, several generations of the LVES can be made available to the patient in a timely fashion. This paper describes the LVES project with major emphasis on technical problems encountered or anticipated during the development process.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed2006

Web-based technical assistance and training to promote community tobacco control policy change.

In 1998 the tobacco industry was released of claims that provided monetary relief for states. A significant expansion of tobacco control activity in many states created a need to develop local capacity. Technical assistance and training for new and experienced staff became a significant challenge for tobacco control leadership. In Colorado, this challenge was addressed in part through the development of a technical assistance and training Web site designed for local tobacco control staff and coalition members. Researchers, technical Web site development specialists, state health agency, and state tobacco control coalition staff collaborated to develop, promote, and test the efficacy of this Web site. The work group embodied a range of skills including tobacco control, Web site technical development, marketing, training, and project management. Persistent marketing, updating of Web site content, and institutionalizing it as a principal source of information and training were key to use by community coalition members.

Colorado↗
PubMed1997

The possible use of telemedicine in developing countries.

Telemedicine may be a useful technique for delivering health care in the developing world. However, there is little practical experience to draw on and real concerns that if additional resources were to become available telemedicine might not be the most appropriate use for them. The logical steps to determine the place of telemedicine in the developing world therefore appear to be: (1) to identify potential telemedicine projects-the Telecommunication Development Bureau of the International Telecommunication Union is trying to do this and has recently sponsored missions to various countries in Africa and Asia; (2) to carry out properly controlled pilot projects in order to demonstrate technical feasibility and to quantify the benefits to the healthcare system; (3) to calculate the costs of large-scale deployment. Assuming that telemedicine is shown to be beneficial, it is only at this final stage that a rational decision can be made about whether telemedicine would be an appropriate use of additional resources in a developing country, as opposed to alternative uses of those resources to solve other important problems of health care.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2005

The Effect of Trauma on the Conductor of the Group: A Type of Identificatory Countertransference.

Trauma affects the conductor of the group as well as the group members. This identificatory countertransference of the group conductor is a resultant of the coming together of the conductor's internal and external worlds, the interplay of introjections, projections, and empathy. It is inconceivable that a conductor of a group can project a "blank screen" of technical neutrality when trauma impinges upon everyone. From a psychodynamic perspective, this article explores groups under the throes of trauma, the interplay of that trauma with the conductor's feelings, and the effects on his or her role in the group. The article also explores the effect of trauma upon the affective process within the group and upon the cognitive processes of the conductor and group members.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

[Nutritional status of children under 5 years of age in indian villages of the Parakaña tribe in Brazil's eastern Amazonia].

The evolution of the nutritional status of children under 5 years of age living in two Indian settlements of the Parakanã tribe, Maroxewara and Paratininga, situated in the southeast of Pará State (Brazil), with less than 20 years of direct contact with our society, was studied. The main purpose of this study was to register the effects of the preventive and curative health activities of the "Parakanã Program" (created by an agreement between the National Indian Foundation- FUNAI and Northern Hydroelectric Project- ELETRONORTE), undertaken with the technical cooperation of the Tropical Medicine Center (Federal University of Pará). Anthropometric data were obtained in there cross-sectional studies (April 89; January 90 and October 91) for the purpose of evaluating the prevalence of malnutrition by means of Gomez's, Waterlow's and WHO criteria. The evolution of nutritional status was evaluated in the light of the rate of growth and accepting weight increments superior to those expected among well-nourished children as a goal. Seventy children (87.5% of all the 0-5 years-olds living there) were followed through throughout the studies. Prevalence of malnutrition was greater in Paranatinga than in Maroxewara, possibly because the former was more populous and had had longer inter-racial contact. Paranatinga's anthropometric indices (wt/age, ht/age and wt/ht) were the lower. Most of the severe forms of malnutrition were found there too. Children between six months and 2 years old were the most affected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Height↗
PubMed1997

[Health care reform in Mexico and the dynamics and politicization of interests: an approach].

The article discusses the health care reforms that have been underway in Mexico since 1982. The process is examined as a socio-political phenomenon whose dynamics and nature are the products of past and present conflicts regarding technical and social-work projects, which constitute reflections of certain views of the future. The text first looks at the government-engendered power structure that has dominated the health care sector and that has benefited certain social groups, encouraged their development, and incorporated them into its power structures while simultaneously marginalizing or repressing others. The article next offers an empirical reconstruction of the "social history" of this reform, that is, of the dynamics of interests and conflicts surrounding the question of how the health care sector might best be shaped.

Health Care Reform↗
PubMed1988

Decree No. 96.943 on official incentives and credits for agricultural and livestock projects in the Amazon area, 12 October 1988.

This Decree suspends for a period of 90 days 1) the approval of agricultural and livestock projects in the Amazon area in places covered with tropical forests for the purpose of granting incentives related to the Brazilian Investment Fund for the Amazon; 2) the granting of official credits for livestock projects in the same areas; and 3) the granting of official incentives and credits for agricultural and livestock projects in "Mata Atlantica" in areas covered with native forests, including those in the process of regeneration. This suspension includes projects to enlarge, modernize, make technically fit, or reformulate undertakings already approved. Within the 90-day period, new criteria and rules for the granting of official credits and incentives are to be devised.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2005

The effect of trauma on the conductor of the group: a type of identificatory countertransference.

Trauma affects the conductor of the group as well as the group members. This identificatory countertransference of the group conductor is a resultant of the coming together of the conductor's internal and external worlds, the interplay of introjections, projections, and empathy. It is inconceivable that a conductor of a group can project a "blank screen " of technical neutrality when trauma impinges upon everyone. From a psychodynamic perspective, this article explores groups under the throes of trauma, the interplay of that trauma with the conductor's feelings, and the effects on his or her role in the group. The article also explores the effect of trauma upon the affective process within the group and upon the cognitive processes of the conductor and group members.

Affect↗
PubMed1992

[Significance of the transference-countertransference constellation in motivation for participation in an epidemiologic field study of psychogenic disorders: a report of experiences].

The present article deals mainly with problems arising from the motivation of individuals for the participation in an epidemiological field study and their solutions on the basis of psychological-psychiatric findings. Subsequent to a more detailed survey of the research project in question formal and technical aspects of the motivational efforts (home visits, phone contacts) which had to be performed by the research group are mentioned. In the following the authors focus on the scientific concepts and orientations of their motivation work including the specific attention paid to the constellation of transference and countertransference. Particular importance is attributed to the presentation of several case studies which illustrate the influence of different psychoanalytical character traits on the motivational process. Finally the authors concentrate on specific problems regarding the sex of the probands as well as on their experiences with so-called hesitators i.e. individuals who for a longer period of time cannot decide whether to participate in the study or not.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experience in managing a large-scale rescreening of Papanicolaou smears and the pros and cons of measuring proficiency with visual and written examinations.

Experiences in a large-scale interlaboratory rescreening of Papanicolaou smears are detailed, and the pros and cons of measuring proficiency in cytology are discussed. Despite the additional work of the rescreening project and some psychological and technical problems, it proved to be a useful measure of the laboratory's performance as a whole. One problem to be avoided in future similar studies is the creation of too many diagnostic categories. Individual testing and certification have been shown to be accurate predictors of proficiency. For cytology, such tests require a strong visual component to test interpretation and judgment skills, such as by the use of glass slides or photomicrographs. The potential of interactive videodisc technology for facilitating cytopathologic teaching and assessment is discussed.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1989

[Kala-azar in China from 1985 to 1988. Advisory Committee on Parasitic Diseases, MOPH].

A total of 1,069 newly discovered cases of kala-azar (a few recurrent cases included) is recorded in China during the four year period from 1985 to 1988. The kala-azar patients were found in the Provinces and Autonomous Regions of Gansu, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Inner-Mongolia and Shandong. Comparing with the 443 cases recorded during the previous 4 years period 1981-1984, significant uprise of the disease is evident, especially in the Provinces of Gansu and Sichuan. In southern Gansu and northern Sichuan, the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs is consistently high and these places are considered as areas endemic to leishmaniasis of canine source. Phlebotomus chinensis naturally infected with promastigotes are found in the mountainous regions 2,200 m and 1,500 m above the sea level respectively, and the promastigotes are identified as Leishmania donovani. As kala-azar patients and dogs infected with visceral leishmaniasis are mostly in the area below 1,600 m sea level and the area above 2,000 m sea level is unpopulated, the natural infection of sandflies was thought, therefore, to come from wild animal hosts and the natural nidus of kala-azar there warrants further investigation. It is suggested that consolidation and surveillance should be emphasized in endemic areas where leishmaniasis control has been very successful and research projects encouraged to meet the technical need for further achievement.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Test of a teleradiology network based on ATM (asynchronous transfer mode)].

The retain project (Radiological Examination Transfer on ATM Integrated Network) consisted in teleradiology trials focused on pediatric imaging between two university hospitals. Rennes (France) and Barcelona (Spain) using an integrated broadband communication network based on ATM (asynchronous transfer mode), as part of a European research program. The network used was a full 10 Mbits/s ATM network directly connected to local PACSs (medical imaging hospital networks). One important reason to explicitly consider ATM for medical imaging is that multimedia applications on such networks allow integration of digital data and person-to-person communication. The utility of broadband communication for teleradiology has been confirmed. High quality video and sound are important for both human communication and medical video transfer. The project led to guidelines regarding technical options still open to improvement.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2006

Environmental acceptability of beneficial use of waste as construction material--state of knowledge, current practices and future developments in Europe and in France.

Since a decade, numerous industrial and public initiatives have been launched in order to make knowledge, practices and mentalities evolve in relation to the acceptability of using waste instead of raw material as construction product. The objectives of these initiatives have been to evaluate current practices and to make new solutions and beneficial use channels emerge. At the same time scientific and standardisation communities have developed methodologies and tools to fit with the assessment needs expressed by industrialists and public decision-makers. In spite of that, some factors, some of them being cross-linked, make the perpetuation of beneficial use channels or even the concretisation of research projects difficult. To cope with this situation, in the framework of sustainable development applied to natural and alternative material, the French Directorate of Road has launched a project aiming at providing public contracting authorities with a document gathering both technical and environmental requirements that they can prescribe in public market tender calls to promote the use of waste and out-of-technical-specifications-material. This paper deals with the presentation of this project focusing more specifically on the approach to assess both technical and environmental acceptability of waste and out-of-technical-specifications-material to be used as alternative material in road construction in France. The current European situation is first described and this paper finally discusses briefly the other key aspects--than environmental acceptability--that have to be taken into account to succeed waste beneficial use.

Construction Materials↗
PubMed1988

Integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS). Part II. Planning and implementing integrated information services. The management of change: lessons learned from the IAIMS experience.

The critical elements of the change process were designed into the strategic planning process and the pilot project for the Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) at the University of Maryland. These elements were: Support by the institutional leadership; a critical mass of interested participants from diverse groups across the organization, committed to the project and with ownership of the plan; a motivating level of dissatisfaction with the status quo; the construction of a scenario describing the desired future and an assessment of needs to achieve it; technical and consulting help; a pilot project with replicable features to demonstrate the concept and feasibility of the approach; and participation of opinion leaders initially with later identification of additional opinion leaders who would become part of the pattern of acceptance of the innovation and diffusion of the technology across the campus.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2006

Chinese visible human project.

Research on the digital visible human is of great significance and has considerable application value. The US visible human project created the first digital image dataset of a complete human (one male and one female) in 1995. To promote worldwide application-oriented visible human research, additional visible human datasets, representative of different populations of the world, are needed. The Chinese visible human (CVH) male (created in October 2002) and female (created in February 2003) Project achieved greater integrity of images, better blood vessel identification, and were free of organic disease. The most noteworthy technical advance of the Chinese visible human project (CVHP) was the construction of a low temperature laboratory, which prevented loss of small structures (including teeth, nasal conchae, and articular cartilage) from the milling surface. Thus, better integrity of images was achieved. To date, we have acquired five CVH datasets and volume rendered them for visualization on a PC. 3D reconstruction of some organs and structures has been completed and work to segment a complete dataset is under way. Although there is still a long way to go to make the visible human meet the application-oriented needs in various fields, progress is being made toward acquiring new datasets, performing segmentation, and setting up a platform of computer-assisted medicine. Here, we review the history and highlights of the CVHP and foresee its future development as well.

Anatomy↗