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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

A morphologic description of a dry skull with mandibulofacial dysostosis.

The morphology of an East Indian, dry skull exhibiting the characteristics of mandibulofacial dysostosis (MFD) is described. The skull was small, but the shape of the calvarium was essentially normal. Extensive anomalies were registered in the sphenoid bone, the temporal bone, the zygomatic bone, the maxilla, and the mandible. A lateral cephalometric radiograph of the skull was compared with a mean value diagram of adult Danish males in order to illustrate the morphologic aberrations of the MFD skull. The etiology and pathogenesis of the syndrome are disucssed.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Occurrence and distribution of blackish staining on the crowns of human teeth obtained from an archeological excavation of a medieval site in Norway.

An excavation in Trondheim, Norway, in 1984-85, uncovered a part of the medieval (1100-1600) cemetery of St Olav's Church. Of 388 excavated skeletons, 248 had skulls where the condition of the jaws and teeth allowed examination. In 51 of these skulls the teeth exhibited a characteristic blackish staining. A higher percentage of affected skulls was found in areas with organic, woodchip layers than in areas with gravelly sand. Affected skulls tended to have a high percentage of their teeth stained, but the staining tended to be restricted to only one or two of the three tooth surfaces scored. Posterior teeth were more often affected than anterior teeth, the occlusal/incisal part more often than the cervical part, and the buccal/labial part more often than the lingual part. Nonerupted third molars could also be stained. Staining seemed to be hampered by calculus. Occurrence of staining was independent of the presence or absence of a coffin and of coffin type. The extent of staining (% of stained surfaces within a dentition) was independent of sex and age. High correlation was found between all four jaw quadrants. There was no independence between color of the jawbone and occurrence of stained teeth. It was concluded that the staining phenomenon probably can be ascribed to factors in the soil. In vivo predisposing influences cannot be excluded.

History, Medieval↗
PubMed1998

Prevalence and natural history of periodontal disease in prehistoric Scots (pre-900 AD).

The periodontal status of a Scottish prehistoric population was studied. No individual over the age of 10 yr had an entirely healthy periodontium. Gingivitis was the most widespread disease state in the adolescent and younger age groups. The progression towards periodontitis was at a constant rate and mirrored modern epidemiological studies. A small proportion of individuals proved to be either more susceptible or resistant to periodontal disease. There was no evidence of periodontal disease prevalence being higher than that of modern societies with access to dental treatment. Much can be learnt regarding the natural history of periodontal disease by the study of archaeological material.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2003

Outbreak of tuberculosis in a 2000-year-old Chinese population.

The molecular identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in ancient human remains has been achieved mainly in mummies with macroscopic changes but not in the skeletons without bone tuberculosis. Using polymerase chain reaction studies, we identified mycobacterial DNA in 2000-year-old human skeletons without pathological changes. Our findings suggest that these people suffered from an outbreak of tuberculosis. Molecular examinations for mycobacterial DNA in the bone marrow of skeletons may contribute to the clarification of ancient diseases in old human populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Comment on "The Brain of LB1, Homo floresiensis".

Endocast analysis of the brain Homo floresiensis by Falk et al. (Reports, 8 April 2005, p. 242) implies that the hominid is an insular dwarf derived from H. erectus, but its tiny cranial capacity cannot result from normal dwarfing. Consideration of more appropriate microcephalic syndromes and specimens supports the hypothesis of modern human microcephaly.

Adult↗
PubMed1966

Porotic hyperostosis, anemias, malarias, and marshes in the prehistoric Eastern Mediterranean.

Porotic hyperostosis, formerly called osteoporosis symmetrica, is an overgrowth of the spongy marrow space of the skull. In children, other bones may also be affected. The disease is a consequence of one of the thalassemias or sicklemia. These anemias are balanced polymorphisms which are apparently maintained by falciparum malaria. Falciparum malaria spread over the anopheline belts of the Old World in coincidence with porotic hyperostosis, but did not penetrate the New World. Here some other parasitism or deficiency anemia must have been the cause of porotic hyperostosis in ancient times. In Anatolia, Greece, and Cyprus from the seventh to second millennia B.C., porotic hyperostosis occurred frequently in early farmers who lived in marshy areas, but rarely in inhabitants of dry or rocky areas or in latest Paleolithic hunters. As shown by skeletal samples from Greece, the frequency of the disease decreased as farming methods improved. However, from Hellenistic to Romantic times it again increased together with increases in the incidence of malaria and in poorer farming. There are correlations between porotic hyperostosis and adult stature and fertility. The mutations producing falciparum malaria therefore must antedate seventh millenium B.C. and I think may have an Eastern Mediterranean origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1969

Enterobius vermicularis: 10,000-year-old human infection.

Eggs of Enterobius vermicularis (human pinworm) were found in hum coprolites from Hopug and Danger Caves, western Utah. The Caves were inhabitated by man from 10,000 B.C. to A.D. 1400. The oldest coprolite containing dated at 7837 B.C. This represents the earliest known association between man abd this exclusively human parasite.

Enterobius↗
PubMed1970

Aboriginal trephination: case from southern New England?

The skull of a young adult male Amerind from a grave at a coastal site in southern Connecticut bears a largely cicatrized elliptical anomaly near bregma. Some evidence suggests deliberate antemortem trephination of the scraping type. The specimen is of interest since perhaps fewer than twenty human skulls have been advanced as putative cases of trephining by North American aborigines.

Connecticut↗
PubMed1973

Blood cells preserved in a mummy 2000 years old.

Structures resembling red blood cells have been seen in mummies, but have been considered by some to be artifacts or molds. The finding of these structures, admixed with white blood cells, in the blood vessels of a mummified American Indian, confirms the original interpretation of preserved red blood cells.

Blood Cells↗