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PubMedDate not supplied

[Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to sevoflurane].

Sevoflurane has been used in the last few years in brief surgical operations, either alone or in combination with nitrous oxide. Occupationally exposed groups include anesthesiologists, surgeons and operating room nurses. In 1977 the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended that occupational exposure to halogenated anesthetic agents (halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane), when used as the sole anesthetic, should be controlled so that no worker would be exposed to time-weighted average concentrations greater than 2 ppm during anesthetic administration. When halogenated anesthetics are associated with nitrous oxide, NIOSH recommends that the limit value should not exceed 0.5 ppm. We think these recommendations can be extended to sevoflurane. Metabolism of sevoflurane is catalyzed by cytochrome P-450; this involves oxidation of the fluoromethyl side chain of the molecule, followed by glucuronidation. Two urinary metabolites of sevoflurane have been identified: inorganic fluoride (which, however, is not specific) and a non-volatile compound that yields hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) when digested with the enzyme beta-glucuronidase. In order to investigate the role of urinary HFIP as an indicator of occupational exposure to sevoflurane (CI, ppm), CI was measured in 145 members of 18 operating room staffs. The measurements of the time-weighted average of CI in the breathing zone were made by means of diffusive personal samplers. Each sampler was exposed during the whole working period. Sevoflurane was desorbed with CS2 from charcoal and the concentrations were measured on a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD). The GC was equipped with a 25 meter cross-linked phenylmethylsilicon column (internal diameter 0.2 mm). GC conditions were as follows: injector column temperature = 200 degrees C; column temperature = 30 degrees C; carrier gas = helium; injection technique of samples = splitless. The analytical conditions for the MSD were the following: ion mass monitored = 131 m/e; dwell time = 50 msec; selected ion monitoring window time = 0.1 amu; electromultiplier = 400 V. Urine samples were collected near the end of the shift and were analyzed for HFIP by head-space gas chromatography after glucuronide hydrolysis. 0.5 ml of urine and 1.5 ml of 10 M sulfuric acid were added to 21.8 ml headspace vials. The vials were immediately capped, vortexed, and loaded into the headspace autosampler. Samples were maintained at 100 degrees C for 30 min, after which glucuronide hydrolysis was 99% complete. Analyses were performed on a GC equipped with a MSD. The analytical conditions for urine analysis were as follows: cross-linked 5% phenylmethylsilicon column (internal diameter 0.2 mm, length 25 m); column temperature = 35 degrees C; carrier gas = helium. The analytical conditions for the MSD were: monitored ions = 51.05 and 99; dwell time = 100 ms; selected ion monitoring window time = 0.1 amu; electromultiplier voltage = 2000 Volt. With our analytical procedure, the detection limit of HFIP in urine was 20 micrograms/L. The variation coefficient (CV) for HFIP measurement in urine was 8.7% (on 10 determinations; mean value = 1000 micrograms/L). The median value of CI was 0.77 ppm (Geometric Standard Deviation = 4.08; range = 0.05-27.9 ppm). The correlation between CI and HFIP (Cu, microgram/L) was: Log Cu (microgram/L) = 0.813 x Log CI (ppm) + 2.517 (r = 0.79, n = 145, p < 0.0001). On the basis of the equation it was possible to establish tentatively the biological limit values corresponding to the respective occupational exposure limit values proposed for sevoflurane. According to our experimental results, HFIP values of 488 micrograms/L and 160 micrograms/L correspond to airborne sevoflurane concentrations of 2 and 0.5 ppm respectively.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1999

Renovation of a twelve-room OR suite.

Managing the renovation of an operating room is both challenging and rewarding. Good organizational and negotiating skills are needed for dealing with all of the various individuals and groups you will encounter as the project unfolds. Developing an operational plan will assist you to ensure your department continues to function in an organized and efficient manner throughout the project.

Hospital Design and Construction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nurses in OR are more assertive than radiographers.

This study investigated two hypotheses: that there is a positive correlation between assertiveness and self-esteem, and that nurses rate lower than non-nurses on the constructs. A self-report survey incorporating scales for general assertiveness, situationally-specific assertiveness, global self-esteem and differentiated self-esteem was utilised. For the sample of 83 operating room nurses and 81 radiographers, correlations significant at the p < .001 level between the respective scales supported the first hypothesis. Analysis of variance yielded no significant differences between the two groups on either self-esteem measures or general assertiveness, with the nurses scoring significantly higher than radiographers on the situationally-specific assertiveness scale. Findings challenge the stereotype of the 'shrinking violet' nurse. Additional analysis revealed that the power component of differentiated self-esteem had a higher correlation with global self-esteem and with both assertiveness measures than any other component. Further, the operating room nurses were significantly more power-oriented than radiographers. The pre-eminence of power in the findings suggests that assertiveness and self-esteem are issues relating to the empowerment of nurses.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

A multidisciplinary approach to breast biopsy.

The explosion in technological advances has provided physicians and patients more options in the diagnostic breast biopsy arena. Successful collaborative relationships between nurses, physicians, and all health care workers and detailed patient education are essential to provide optimum patient care. Survival in health care today mandates that perioperative nurses and their colleagues move outside traditional environments to provide quality, cost-effective care to patients and their family members. The aim of this collaborative approach to breast biopsy is to provide patients with the most expedient, accurate, cost-effective diagnoses with the least amount of physical and psychological trauma.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1986

A patient classification system for the OR.

Changes are still occurring as we continue to refine the tool. We have now determined that not all OR nurses need to learn to use the tool. The head nurse or assistant head nurse can do it quickly. We are continuing to gather data and hope to have input from other hospitals interested in testing the tool.

Anesthesia↗