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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Association between early weaning, non-nutritive sucking habits and occlusal anomalies in 3-year-old Finnish children.

UNLABELLED: OBJECTIVES, DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Earlier results on the effect of breastfeeding on the one hand, and non-nutritive sucking habits (pacifier and/or digit sucking) on the other, on the orofacial development of infants are inconclusive. Thus we studied the prevalence of malocclusions and their relationship to the duration of breastfeeding and to non-nutritive sucking habits in a group of randomly selected 3-year-old children (n = 148). RESULTS: Posterior crossbite was detected in 13%, anterior open bite in 18% and large overjet (> 3 mm) in 26% of the children. The proportion of children with anterior vertical open bite was significantly larger among children with non-nutritive sucking habits than among the other children (P < 0.001). Neither posterior crossbite nor large overjet were associated with non-nutritive sucking habits. The duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 5.8 +/- 3.6 months while that of total breastfeeding was 7.3 +/- 3.8 months on average. The exclusive and total breastfeeding periods of children with posterior crossbite were both significantly shorter than those of the other children (P < 0.01 and P < 0.002, respectively). Children's height and weight were unrelated to the duration of breastfeeding or occlusal anomalies. CONCLUSION: We suggest that an early introduction of bottlefeeding, indicating a pattern of low-impact muscular activity, may interfere with the normal development of alveolar ridges and hard palate, and hence lead to posterior crossbite.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

Occlusal guidance of two Kabuki make-up syndrome patients: case reports.

Kabuki make-up syndrome (KMS) has been reported since 1981 by Niikawa et al. Complications of KMS were moderate mental retardation, skeletal and dermatoglyphic abnormalities. A 7 year-old boy, who had severe permanent tooth deficiency, anterior open bite, tongue thrust and mild mental retardation, was referred to our clinic. Oral characters of another patient were an anterior open bite, transposition of maxillary central and lateral incisor. Orthodontic treatment in two patients is reported and suggested future treatment plans in these patients is given.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1998

Dental maturation in subjects with extreme vertical facial types.

The purpose of this research was to investigate whether there is a difference in dental maturation between skeletal open bite and skeletal deep bite subjects of the same chronological age. The material consisted of 40 lateral headfilms and 40 panoramic radiographs of 20 male and 20 female white subjects, with a mean chronological age of 9 years and 2 months (range: 7 years 6 months to 10 years 11 months). These subjects were selected on the basis of lower anterior face height as a percentage of total face height and on the amount of open or deep-bite from a total sample of 400 subjects. The persons exhibiting the most extreme values at both ends of the distribution were selected to create two groups with 20 subjects in each (10 males and 10 females). Thus, the groups represented subjects with either a large lower anterior face height associated with an open bite or a small lower anterior face height associated with a deep bite. A double blind determination of dental maturation, expressed by dental age, for each subject was performed on the panoramic radiographs using the system of Demirjian et al. (1973). A covariance analysis was used to eliminate variability introduced by the large age range of the sample. The skeletal open bite and deep bite groups presented mean dental ages of 120.48 and 114.00 months, respectively. Statistical analysis demonstrated that this difference was statistically significant at P < 0.05. Therefore, it seems that skeletal open bite subjects presented a slight tendency to have an advanced dental maturation, expressed by dental age, as compared with skeletal deep bite subjects.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Do early signs of orofacial dysfunctions and occlusal variables predict development of TMD in adolescence?

The aim of the present report was to focus on if early signs of different orofacial dysfunctions, e.g. misarticulations of speech, problems in oral motor skills and TMD, malocclusions or occlusal interferences could predict the development of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in adolescence. Altogether there were 94 children referred for speech therapy and 93 controls who participated in all three stages of this longitudinal study. In the whole sample the mean age during the first examination was 7.6 years, during the second examination 10.6 years, and during the third one 15.4 years. Multiple logistic regression models showed that subjects with a tendency to open bite tended to have palpatory tenderness of the muscles. Overjet was positively related to hypermobile but negatively to hypomobile jaw movements. Deviation on opening was associated with problems in oral motor skills, and some signs of TMD seemed to be related to each other. In addition, girls had a higher risk of having several signs of TMD than boys did. In conclusion, tendency to open bite, both mesial and distal molar occlusion and increased and decreased overjet were occlusal anomalies associated with TMD. Altogether, among 15-year-olds there seems to be both local and central factors in the aetiology of TMD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Orthognathic surgery for the treatment of chronic self-mutilation of the lips.

Self-mutilation by lip chewing is an uncommon problem, but may result in severe mutilation, infection and loss of tissue, with associated scarring. Many modalities of treatment have been proposed in the literature with variable success and morbidity to the patient. Alternative techniques involving orthognathic surgery to create an anterior open bite are described which may result in cessation of self-mutilation. A case is presented with a 13-year follow-up, the anterior open bite is still present, and no recurrence of self-mutilation.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Computed tomographic examination of muscle volume, cross-section and density in patients with dysgnathia].

PURPOSE: The individual jaw position is determined by the masticatory muscle among other factors. Before surgical treatment of malocclusions, thorough evaluation of the muscles is required to estimate the relapse risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By means of computer tomography, lateral radiographs of the skull and denture models, the relationships between morphological parameters of the masticatory muscles and the jaw bone were analyzed. Furthermore, possible causes for the extent of the malocclusion are described. RESULTS: A patient group with deep overbite was found to have significantly higher muscle densities (measured in Hounsfield units [HU]) in the medial pterygoideus muscle (59.89 +/- 3.91 HU to 48.94 +/- 4.14 HU, p < 0.01), masseter muscle, and genioglossus muscle (p < 0.05) in comparison to open bite patients. Significant differences of the muscle cross-section were measured in the masseter muscle between patients with retroclined maxillary incisors and with an open bite (5.4 +/- 0.7 cm (2) to 3.8 +/- 0.4 cm (2), p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results show a correlation between different jaw positions and masticatory muscles. They also suggest that the function of each muscle may be different. Additional examinations of the muscle structures are required for verification of the influence of the masticatory muscles on facial morphology.

Bone Density↗
PubMed1989

[Residual deformities corrected by combined craniomaxillofacial procedures].

We present a case that have been involved in a severe traffic accident, with the following residual deformities in the Craniomaxillofacial region: Absence of the major part of the frontal bone which had been fractured and its small remained (infected) fragments removed by the neurosurgeons and an open bite, as a result of mal-united jaw fractures, due to inadequate primary treatment because confrontation of more serious and life threatening injuries imposed precedence. The open bite was corrected by bimaxillary orthognathic surgery (Le Fort I and sagittal splitting) and the residual absence of the frontal bone was reconstructed by onlay split rib-grafts. We present the accomplished results.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1988

Patterns of vertical growth in the face.

The purpose of this study was to examine the patterns of facial growth development in subjects with skeletal open-bite and skeletal deep-bite faces. Longitudinal data based on lateral cephalometric radiographs of 16 male and 16 female subjects, ages 3 through 18 years, were used. These subjects were selected on the basis of lower face height as a percentage of total face height. Persons exhibiting extreme values were selected to create four groups with eight subjects in each group. Curves of absolute and incremental growth for total anterior face height, upper anterior face height, lower anterior face height, posterior face height, and ramal length were analyzed statistically and graphically. It was established that the anterior dimensions of the face demonstrated typologically divergent patterns of development in open- and deep-bite faces. Further, the posterior dimensions of the face did not discriminate between these two typological groups. The female open-bite subjects were earliest in the timing of the adolescent growth spurt, followed in succession by deep-bite female subjects, open-bite male subjects, and finally the deep-bite male subjects. The clinical implications of these observations pertain to the timing of orthodontic treatment, the length of retention period, and the prediction of adult occlusal status during the mixed dentition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Temporomandibular disorders in juvenile chronic arthritis patients. A clinical study.

In a prospective study, 105 children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) were clinically and radiographically examined. The aim was to investigate the distribution of symptoms and clinical signs of temporomandibular disorders and to study correlations with radiographic mandibular condylar lesions. The present material appeared to be a representative sample of Swedish JCA children with respect to the distribution of genders and JCA subtypes as well as the peak of onset of the disease. Symptoms from the masticatory system were common (26%) and pain at mandibular function and stiffness at mouth opening the most frequent ones. Restricted maximal voluntary mouth opening (MVM) was the most frequent clinical finding. Radiographic condylar lesions, frequently found in the present material (39%), were significantly correlated with postnormal occlusion, restricted MVM, anterior open bite and mandibular retrognathia. However, most of the JCA children with radiographic condylar lesions did not present with symptoms from the masticatory system, postnormal occlusion, restricted MVM, anterior open bite or mandibular retrognathia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Association of occlusal variables among refined TM patient diagnostic groups.

One hundred ninety-six TMJ patients differentiated into five diagnostic groups (disk displacement with reduction [n = 40], disk displacement without reduction [n = 14], TMJ osteoarthrosis with a history of past locking [n = 32], TMJ osteoarthrosis without a history of past locking [n = 30], myalgia only [n = 80]) were compared with 222 nonpatient controls for specific occlusal variables. The patient groups could not be differentiated according to the absence of RCP-ICP slide per se, crossbite, or symmetry of RCP contacts. Among males with reducing disk displacement, Class I was less common and Class II division 1 was more common than in controls. Asymmetric RCP-ICP slides and a combination of unilateral RCP contact and no clinically visible RCP-ICP slide were more prevalent in women with reducing disk displacement. Large RCP-ICP slides, asymmetric slides, and anterior open bite were associated with osteoarthrosis, but this study could not state if these associations were etiologic or secondary. Totally asymptomatic controls were characterized by a lack of anterior open bite, small symmetric RCP-ICP slides (greater than 0 less than 1 mm), and bilateral occlusal contact in RCP. By comparing a control group to well-defined patient diagnostic groups rather than according to symptoms, selective occlusal variables appear more closely associated with some TMJ disorders than indicated in past studies with less specific populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Complications in surgical treatment of malocclusions. Report of 50 years experience].

BACKGROUND: During the past few decades, orthognathic surgery has become routine in oral and maxillofacial surgery. As these surgical interventions are elective, the goal is a low complication rate. The aim of this study was to analyze the intraoperative and postoperative complications after orthognathic surgery without considering orthodontic relapse. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical files of 507 patients were reviewed who had been treated in the department of oral maxillofacial surgery at the Martin-Luther-Universität in Halle-Wittenberg during a period of 51 years. The indication for orthognathic surgery was mandibular hyperplasia in 314 cases (61.9%), mandibular hypoplasia in 69 cases (13.6%), mandibular hyperplasia with a frontal open bite in 53 cases (10.5%), maxillary hyperplasia with a cleft in 30 cases (5.9%), maxillary hyperplasia in 22 cases (4.3%), severe laterognathia in 10 cases (2.1%), and isolated frontal open bite in 9 cases (1.5%). The surgical procedures were as follows: bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (n = 336, 66%), Le Fort I osteotomy (n = 29, 5.9%), bimaxillary osteotomy (n = 35, 6.3%), and segment osteotomy (n = 107, 21.1%). Rigid fixation was used in 147 patients. RESULTS: In 55% of the patients a postoperative neurosensory deficit of the inferior alveolar nerve was observed, which was only found in 28% after 1 year. Inflammatory wound healing was found in 5.3% of the patients. CONCLUSION: Due to antibiotic perioperative prophylaxis and modern rigid osteosynthesis devices, orthognathic surgery has become a routine method in maxillofacial surgery with predictable surgical results.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1991

Electromyographic-force characteristics in the assessment of oral function.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the utility of EMG-force characteristics as reliable and valid parameters by which to assess oral function. Masseter-muscle activity was recorded during controlled isometric biting exercises performed at various bite openings and force levels on two separate occasions. Measured muscle-activity levels, as well as the EMG-force characteristics of slope and y-intercept, were compared between bite openings and experimental trials. Sensitivity, assessed as the ability to detect statistically significant differences in muscle function due to changes in muscle length, was found to be acceptable for all measurements, except the y-intercept parameter, and during production of minimal forces. Reproducibility, evaluated as the correspondence between values recorded at different experimental sessions, was best for the EMG-force parameter of slope and during production of higher forces. The results from this study support the following conclusions: (1) Substantial variations in muscle function exist between individuals; (2) acceptable reliability and sensitivity of quantitative EMG values can be achieved, especially at higher muscle-activity levels, by rigidly controlling and quantifying functional activities during experimental trials; (3) the slope of an EMG-force curve is a reproducible, quantitative, and functionally sensitive measurement for assessment of muscle function; and (4) the EMG-force y-intercept is not a reliable quantity by which muscle-function characteristics may be studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cephalometric appraisal of patients treated with fixed lingual orthodontic appliances: historic review and analysis of cases.

In the first part of this article, a retrospective look was taken of evolvement and progression in design of the lingual fixed orthodontic appliance. The second part is a retrospective study of treated lingual cases. By the use of standardized cephalometric radiographs, selected treatment parameters were analyzed:--namely, bite opening, changes in mandibular position, inclination, torque and intrusion of incisors, and soft-tissue effects. For the clinician who uses this treatment modality, the most significant effects are the bite opening, intrusion of the mandibular incisors (particularly in extraction cases), and limited reduction of lower lip protrusion. The mandibular plane angle and torque and inclination of incisors did not follow a consistent and predictable pattern. On the basis of the study's findings, it is suggested that lingual fixed appliance therapy is a useful supplement to our treatment modalities; good results are both realistic and possible.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1977

[Gunshot wound in the temporomandibular joint].

The authors describe the case of a bullet wound with comminuted fracture of the right temporomandibular joint, associated with a transverse comminuted fracture of the left ascending ramus and with an oblique fracture in the region of the left ascending angle of the mandible without dislocation. On being admitted at the author's clinic, the patient showed a grade II trismus and an open bite with a cutting edge distance of nearly 10 mm. Treatment consisted at first in passive and active expanding exercises under anaesthesia. In this way, it was possible to improve considerably the opening of the mouth. The open bite was also acted upon by intra-oral wiring. Follow-up examinations revealed good functional adaptation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sucking habits in Saudi children: prevalence, contributing factors and effects on the primary dentition.

A review of the literature on the prevalence of sucking habits shows that it varies from one population to another. The purposes of this study were to: 1) determine the prevalence of sucking habits among preschool Saudi children living in Riyadh City, 2) assess the influence of some cultural factors on that prevalence, and 3) to study the effect these habits might have on the primary dentition. This cross-sectional study was conducted through a survey questionnaire and clinical examination of 583 Saudi children aged 3-5 years using a stratified cluster random sampling technique. The prevalence of sucking habits was 48.36% with the dummy-sucking as the dominant type. Most dummy-suckers had broken their habits in the first few years of life while more digit-suckers were still active at age 5 years. Sucking habits were only related to parents' education and the child feeding methods without significant effect of gender or birth rank or family income. Children with existing digit sucking habits had significantly (P < 0.05) more distal molar and class II canine relationships, larger overjet, and open bite than did children without sucking habits. These differences were even more significant (P < 0.01) when dummy-suckers were compared with nonsuckers. The only measurable effect of previous sucking habits was a more open bite. Posterior crossbite was no more common in children with sucking habits than in children without these habits.

Birth Order↗
PubMed1991

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: cases from the coalfields.

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis can result in destruction of the temporomandibular joints producing a characteristic facial growth deficiency. Features include loss of vertical ramus height, marked antegonial notching and a Class II malocclusion frequently with an anterior open bite. Two cases are presented, both treated surgically utilizing bilateral autologous costochondral grafts to replace the temporomandibular joints and increase the vertical ramus height. Postoperative orthodontic therapy was employed to close the surgically created posterior open bite in each case. Autologous dermis was used in the most recently treated case as an interpositional soft tissue layer between the glenoid fossa and the costochondral graft.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Begg-edgewise diagnosis-determined totally individualized orthodontic technique: foundations, description, and rationale.

This article presents an appliance system designed to facilitate efficient treatment by the use of the biomechanical approach considered most suitable by the orthodontist for the individual patient. The system described uses narrow, single brackets with 0.022 X 0.028 inch edgewise arch wire slots and 0.020 X 0.020 inch vertical slots for various auxiliaries. There are five brackets that differ only in the torque of the arch wire slot-0 degree, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, and 20 degrees. Thus, an appropriate bracket can be selected for any tooth in any situation. The brackets and bonding pads are small in all dimensions to ensure optimal appearance and interbracket arch wire spans and minimal lip and cheek irritation. This also lessens occlusal interference, enamel surface involved in bonding, and problems with gingival proximity and oral hygiene. The basic buccal tubes are conventional 4.5 mm long, 0.022 X 0.028 inch torqued edgewise tubes. A buccal tube assembly with a similar additional rectangular tube carried diagonally at a 15 degree angle across the buccal surface of the basic tube (its mesial end pointing gingivally) is used in extraction cases with deep overbites or moderate-to-severe anchorage requirements. The angulated outer tube carries the main (working) arch wire during the bite-opening and retraction phases of treatment. A rectangular sectional wire in the inner tube and second premolar bracket locks the molar and premolar teeth together so that neither can tip independently. As a unit they provide anchorage for bite opening and retraction. The gingivally positioned and angulated outer tube directs the arch wire out of danger of distortion from mastication and provides a built-in biteopening effect. The molar and premolar teeth, in effect, become a single large tooth with its center of resistance (CR) further mesial than the CR of the molar. Sectional wires result in a more favorable system of moments created by arch wires and elastics. This delivers more intrusive force to the incisors with less tendency to tip the anchor units. The appliance provides the orthodontist with an extensive range of options in treatment mechanics--from anchorage conservation and rapid movement of limited tipping by light forces to translation or stabilization with precise three-dimensional control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Internal derangement of the TMJ: changes associated with mandibular repositioning and orthodontic therapy.

Because of its apparent success in relieving symptoms, especially pain, anterior mandibular repositioning therapy is a popular mode of nonsurgical treatment for patients with painful, clicking internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. Posterior open bites are a frequent consequence of such therapy and may necessitate either continued appliance wear or closure by equilibration, prosthetics, or orthodontics. The anatomic and functional changes that occur subsequent to mandibular repositioning during orthodontic closure of the posterior open bite are not well understood. A case of a patient with a Class II, deep bite malocclusion and painful internal derangement of the TMJ is presented. Transcranial and cephalometric radiographs, arthrograms, and mandibular movement recordings were obtained before treatment and after both repositioning therapy and orthodontic treatment. Regarding occlusal improvement and pain relief, the treatment was successful. However, not all of the changes that occurred during repositioning therapy were maintained after orthodontic treatment. The strategy used in this case (mandibular repositioning/orthodontic finishing) was evaluated by an examination of these anatomic and functional changes with a discussion centered on the possible mechanisms involved.

Adolescent↗