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PubMed1998

Anomalous dental morphology and root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a pilot study.

The present study investigated the relation between anomalous dental morphology and root resorption during orthodontic treatment. One hundred and eleven sets of orthodontic records (a total of 1,630 teeth) were examined. Root resorption was determined from post-treatment panoramic radiographs using a five-grade quantitative measurement. It was found that patients with short or blunt roots before treatment underwent significant root shortening during orthodontic treatment. Patients with any one dental anomaly had a significantly higher degree of root resorption compared with patients with no dental anomaly. Invaginated teeth, teeth with thin or pipette-shaped roots and teeth with short or blunt roots were likely to be more susceptible to root resorption than those without such anomalies. Possible linkages between the aetiological factors of dental anomalies and the susceptibility to root resorption were discussed. The presence of anomalous dental morphology should be taken into account in orthodontic treatment planning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Lingual orthodontics and orthognathic surgery.

Lingual orthodontics is an appealing option for patients requiring orthognathic surgical correction, since these patients are invariably adults or mature teenagers who are no longer at the usual "orthodontic age." Appearance is undoubtedly the most important motivating factor for adults seeking orthodontic treatment, and since the more physically attractive person has the advantage over the not-so-attractive person, it is self-evident that these patients would prefer an appliance that is less visible. Using the Ormco, Creekmore, or Begg lingual appliances in the maxillary arch and a labial appliance in the mandibular arch, the authors have successfully treated a variety of dentofacial deformities with a combined lingual orthodontic and surgical approach. The aim of this article is to establish some guidelines for the treatment of a variety of surgical cases and to highlight what are perceived to be the advantages and disadvantages of these 3 lingual appliances in the treatment of orthognathic cases and of the lingual orthognathic approach in general.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The delivery of orthodontic care in New Zealand. Part I: Analysis of a census of orthodontists.

A two-part study was undertaken to determine the supply of orthodontic services in New Zealand. Part I focuses on services supplied by specialist orthodontists. A companion paper will describe the amount and characteristics of orthodontic services supplied by dentists. All orthodontists in New Zealand in 1999 were surveyed to provide information on practice location and days practiced in 1996 (the year of the last population Census), and the amount and type of orthodontic treatment carried out in the year 1 July 1998 to 30 June 1999. The response rate was 78.9 percent. Data from 1996 were used to establish and quantify the location and distribution of orthodontists in New Zealand, and their spatial relationship to 12-year-olds and 10- to 14-year-olds using Geographic Information Systems. The information from 1998-1999 was used to determine the amount and variety of services provided by orthodontists and the makeup of their patient base. Nearly two-thirds of orthodontists had a branch practice. Over 50 percent of the 10- to 14-year-old population resided within 5 km of an orthodontist, and nearly three-quarters within 10 km. Disparities between regions existed in the supply of specialist orthodontic services. The catchment areas of main urban areas had more than three times the supply of orthodontists to 12-year-olds than did the secondary and minor urban areas combined. The mean average active patient load was 371, and the mean number of full upper and lower fixed appliances placed was 130.3 during the year of the study. Nearly half of all patients had been referred from dentists, approximately one-quarter were self-referred, and a quarter had been referred by dental therapists. Adults comprised 12.1 percent of the patient load of orthodontists; 60 percent were female.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Indications for orthognathic surgery, the limitations of orthodontics and of surgery].

The different sagittal, vertical or transversal skeletal dysmorphosis can be treated with orthodontic or orthopaedic appliances. Certain limits of treatment will be due to the age of the patient, the importance of the skeletal dysmorphosis, technical limits of the orthodontic appliances or the motivation and compliance needed from the patient. For this reason an orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery may be indicated. Nevertheless the combined orthodontic-surgical treatment has also its limitations and specific treatment needs from orthodontist and maxillo-facial surgeon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[A comparative study of the bracket bond failure between adults and adolescents receiving fixed orthodontic therapy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bracket bond failure and its causes between adult and adolescent patients during fixed orthodontic therapy. METHODS: Bracket bond failure data of 30 adults and 30 adolescents, receiving fixed orthodontic therapy, have been collected within the first 12 visits, respectively. The compliance has been analyzed with survival analyse between the two groups. RESULT: The general bracket bond failure rate in the adult group is lower than that of the adolescent group and the difference is significant (p < 0.05). In the adolescent group, the failure rate for mandibular anterior teeth is highest and different from that of the adult group (p < 0.05). The failure rate resulted from biting hard food is ranked No. 1. CONCLUSIONS: The compliance of the adults receiving fixed orthodontic therapy is better than that of the adolescents. The investigation of bracket bond failure causes is beneficial in helping orthodontists improve orthodontic practice and raise clinical efficiency. The survival analysis is effective in evaluating the bond failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Orthodontic treatment for orthognathic surgery: indications, possibilities and limitations].

The relation between the maxilla and the mandible can be so discordant that it cannot be corrected with orthodontic treatment only in adults, neither with orthodontic and jaw orthopedic in children. In these cases, only a combination of orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery can give the most satisfying results. A careful analysis of all patient records and an accurate planning of all the consecutive procedures should precede this treatment. Nowadays, computer-aided systems can provide substantial help in analysis and planning. In this article, possibilities and limitations of the orthodontic part of these treatments are elaborated.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Orthodontic finalization following therapy with an anterior repositioning splint.

After phase I splint therapy for the management of posterior condylar displacement, it is not unusual to find that a posterior open bite has been created. Finalization of a new occlusal position may be effected via occlusal equilibration, prosthodontics, orthodontics, orthognathic surgery, or a combination of these procedures. Stabilizing the occlusion with orthodontics in the new orthopedic jaw position requires a systemic approach. This article outlines a strategy for orthodontic finalization in phase II therapy. The splint-guided position is maintained while intra-arch and interarch malocclusions are corrected. The objective in treatment of posterior condylar displacement via splint therapy and orthodontics lies in the provision of a sound condylar position and the movement of the teeth and mandible into a stable and esthetic position.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of orthodontic treatment on the masseter muscle inhibitory reflex].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the effect of the orthodontic treatment on inhibitory masseteric reflex. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with any type of malocclusion and without any temporomandibular joint dysfunction were studied and treated under arch wire technique with Roth's brackets prescription (0.22" x 0.28"). Electromyographic record of the inhibitory masseteric reflex was obtained before and after orthodontic treatment. RESULTS: ANOVA test identified not reflex differences between molar relation types; using Student t test for paired data it was identified that with orthodontic treatment (14.65 +/- 2.40 months), the left reflex latency was increased from 6.17 +/- 9.29 ms to 37.00 +/- 66.33 ms (p < 0.05). However the left inhibition duration was decreased from 57.78 +/- 30.70 ms to 35.31 +/- 25.72 ms (p < 0.05), the right inhibition amplitude was decreased from 48.40 +/- 34.44 mV to 28.59 +/- 17.26 mV (p < 0.05) and the left inhibition amplitude was decreased from 40.72 +/- 29.75 mV to 18.73 +/- 17.68 mV (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic treatment produced constraint of the masseter inhibitory capacity, which could be a transitory neuromuscular adaptation signal in the presence of sensorial scheme modifications. It is necessary to wait for a longer period of time before a new register to clarify the reflex morphology tendency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[The effect of pre-surgical orthodontics on secondary alveolar bone grafting in the patients with complete cleft lip and palate].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of pre-surgical orthodontics on the outcome of the secondary alveolar bone grafting in the patients with complete cleft lip and palate. METHODS: Sixteen complete cleft lip and palate patients (9 males and 7 females) with collapsed upper arch or severe mal-positioned upper incisors were selected. The cleft was not easily grafted because of the poor access. The total cleft sites were 22 (10 patients with UCLP and 6 patients with BCLP). The age range of the patients was from 8 to 22 years. Pre-surgical orthodontic treatment was mainly to expand the collapsed upper arch and correct the mal-positioned upper incisors. After the secondary alveolar bone grafting, the patients were followed up and anterior occlusal radiograph/intraoral panograph were taken regularly. The observation period was from 6 months to 4 years. Bergland criteria were used to evaluate the interdental septal height. RESULTS: Upper arch expansion and the correction of the mal-positioned upper incisors done by the orthodontic treatment made the bone grafting procedure easier. The clinically successful rate reached 86%. CONCLUSION: The severe upper arch collapse and mal-positioned upper incisors in the patients with complete cleft lip and palate should be corrected orthodontically before the secondary alveolar bone grafting.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2004

[Application of straight wire appliance for pre- and post-surgical orthodontics].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the surgical patients treated with straight wire appliance for guidelines of clinical using of the appliance. METHODS: Totally 51 patients from Joint Clinic of Orthodontic Surgery, Peking University School of Stomatology with dentofacial deformities treated with straight wire appliance were analyzed. The patients were aged from 15 years to 34 years 5 months, average 18 years 9 months. Among whom, 16 are males, while the other 35 are females. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were treated with extraction of teeth, while other 33 cases were nonextraction case. The duration of average presurgical orthodontic treatment was 13.3 months, and 10.4 months was for postsurgical orthodontic treatment, totally active treatment time was 25.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: Straight wire appliance would benefit a lot for three dimensional control of teeth when doing pre- and post-surgical orthodontic treatment. Good results could be achieved without wire bending.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Need for preventive/interceptive orthodontic treatment among 7-10-year-old children in Ibadan, Nigeria: an epidemiological survey.

The aim of this epidemiological survey was to assess the level of needs for preventive/interceptive orthodontics among 7-10-year-old children in Ibadan, Nigeria, which is the second vigilance period in the study of developing occlusions. The sample consisted of 493 school children--237 (48.1%) boys and 256 (51.9%) girls randomly selected from various schools and different socio-economic groups. They were all examined in their school environments under natural illumination and the findings entered into a pre-structured form. The study revealed that about 27% of the children had need for one form of preventive/interceptive orthodontic treatment or the other with some having multiple needs. Some of the needs detected were as follows: prolonged retention of primary teeth (6.9%), cross bite (10.3%), early loss of primary teeth (4.3%), oral habits (7.3%), over jet of more than 6mm (4.9%), carious lesions (14.8%) crowding (18.9%) and clinically missing upper lateral incisors (3.7%). The relationship between observed occlusal discrepancies and oral habits was found very statistically significant (p=0.001). No gender differences were noted among the children with preventive/interceptive needs (p>0.05). Children from the working class accounted for 55.2% of the study sample, while 44.8% were from the middle class families. It was concluded that over one third of these children would benefit from preventive interceptive orthodontics and that such care should be encouraged in our environment due to their known numerous benefits especially in a country like Nigeria where many can not afford the cost of comprehensive orthodontic services.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2005

Conservative adjunct to esthetic orthodontic treatment in young patients.

The esthetic effect of orthodontic treatment in young patients may sometimes be incomplete without performing additional procedures related to the form and texture of the anterior teeth. Six young patients, aged 7 to 21 years, presented for orthodontic treatment to improve their dental esthetics. The problems of tooth staining, mutilation, congenitally missing teeth, tooth size/arch length discrepancy, and sequellae of dental trauma neccessitated a combined orthodontic-prosthodontic treatment. Changing morphology and texture by conservative prosthetic procedures proved to be a successful complement to orthodontic treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Visual application of the American Board of Orthodontics Grading System.

BACKGROUND: Assessment of treatment outcomes has traditionally been accomplished using the subjective opinion of experienced clinicians. Reduced subjectivity in the assessment of orthodontic treatment can be achieved with the use of an occlusal index. To implement an index for quality assurance purposes is time-consuming and subject to the inherent error of the index. Quality assessment of orthodontic treatment on a routine basis has been difficult to implement in private practice. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether a clinician can accurately apply the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System by direct visual inspection instead of measuring individual traits. METHODS: A random sample of 30 cases was selected, including pretreatment and post-treatment upper and lower study casts and panoramic radiographs. The cases were examined and scored with the standardized measuring gauge according to the protocol provided by the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO). The records were re-examined 6 weeks later and the individual traits scored by visual inspection (VI). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the pre- and post-treatment ABO gauge and VI scores. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that occlusal traits defined by the ABO Objective Grading System can be accurately assessed by visual inspection. The VI score provides a simple and convenient method for critical evaluation of treatment outcome by a clinician.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Implants for orthodontic anchorage. Meta-analysis.

The purpose of this article was to review and update current data of the use of implants for orthodontic anchorage. A meta-analysis of selected literature was carried out and a total of 415 articles were identified in this process. Having reviewed the articles or their abstracts/summaries the data were evaluated and the articles were categorized according to the journal and the year of publication, the type of the article and the type of the implant. The interest in the possibilities of the implant usage for orthodontic anchorage is noticeably increasing and today it has reached the peak. In order to facilitate the understanding of the wide range of implants, we suggested the classification of the implants for orthodontic anchorage according to the shape and size, the implant bone contact and the application of the implant. We systemized the information about types of implants and their advantages in respect of traditional orthodontic treatment.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1990

Clinical study on the prevalence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in orthodontic patients.

The percentage of potential TMJ dysfunction is high in orthodontic patients. The prevalence of TMJ dysfunction during orthodontic treatment and the correlation between TMJ dysfunction occurrence and orthodontic appliances were studied. One hundred and twenty-five male and 183 female orthodontic patients between 7.2 and 38.3 years of age with a mean age of 13.1 years without TMJ dysfunction at first examination were examined for clinical symptoms. TMJ dysfunction was found in 26 patients (8.6%). The frequency of occurrence of TMJ dysfunction in patients treated with a chin cap appliance was 10.9% (14/129) and 6.7% (7/105) for those treated with a multibracket appliance. Chin cap appliance treatment was begun after the pubertal growth peak in eight patients, during the peak in three patients, and before the peak in three patients. Clinical symptoms continued in four patients who continued to use the appliance under the same conditions, and nine patients who were treated with proper countermeasures became free from clinical symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is periodontal disease during orthodontics preventable?

Periodontal disease during orthodontic therapy is preventable and is controllable and in continuous studies after orthodontic therapy has been completed, it has been shown that under the properly controlled regimen of treatment the destruction to the periodontal tissues of the teeth is not accentuated to a statistically significant degree as greater than that which occurs during the same interim without orthodontic therapy. This encourages us; however, the difficulties cited in the paper above challenges us and our finest professional skills in the proper care of the orthodontic patients with periodontal complications.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Statistical investigation on orthodontic patients who received treatment at Fukuoka Dental College during 15 years].

It has been fifteen years since the Department of Orthodontics started in 1973, and this report concerns mainly the results of clinical observations during these period. The results were as follows: 1) Three thousand four hundred and three patients visited during a fifteen years period and 2,065 (61%) of them received orthodontic treatment. This statistical investigation was performed on 2,065 patients. 2) The numbers of treated patients increased from 1973 to 1983 without 1980 but have almost unchanged with about 180 patients from 1984 to 1987. 3) The male patients were less than the female by the ratio of 1:1.67. As to age, the patients from 6 to 12 years old accounted for 72% of all the treated. 4) Analyzed by dental age categories, patients at the stage of III A and III B comprised 54% of all the treated. 5) Analyzed by month, the patients visited on March, July and August in spring and summer vacations. 6) Most of the patients (92%) lived in Fukuoka Prefecture and 38% of them lived in Sawara-ku, where lay in the south-western part of Fukuoka city. 7) Fifty six per cent of all patients were introduced by doctors and dentists. 8) As to malocclutions, the number of mandibular protrusion was the largest, crowding case was next, and maxillary protrusion was third. The total sum of these three cases accounted for 78% of all the treated. 9) In the initial orthodontic appliances, the use of the multi-brackets appliances was first, the chin cap appliances was second and plate appliances was third. The total sum of these three appliances accounted for about 73%. 10) Analyzing to age and initial orthodontic appliances, plate, chin cap, F. K. O. and I. M. A. appliances were used at the age from 7 to 8. Lingual arch appliances were also used at the age of 8. The multi-brackets appliances increased remarkably during the recent five year period and were used at the age of 10 to 11 and over 20 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Case of TMJ arthrosis occurred during orthodontic treatment of patient with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus].

A female patient of fifteen years old with anterior crossbite was treated orthodontically with multi-bracket system. During the orthodontic treatment clicking and trismus were appeared. According to the consultation, it was found that the TMJ disorder was in the stage of the closed lock. The patient was treated with the manipulation technique and the anterior repositioning appliance was applied. After three months, the pain and trismus were relieved. The maxillary arch was expanded laterally to eliminate the premature contact caused by the maxillary and mandibular canines. Consequently, intercanine width of the maxillary arch was increased and the cuspal interference was disappeared. After three month observation, it seemed that the symptoms of TMJ were recovered. Then, orthodontic appliances were removed and the retainers were set. It was concluded that the examination of TMJ condition may be necessary for orthodontic patients with anterior crossbites.

Adolescent↗