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PubMedDate not supplied

[Antioxidative activity of histochrome and some other drugs used in ophthalmology].

The antioxidative activity (AOA) of histochrome (2,3,5,6,8-pentahydroxy-7-ethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) and some other drugs with antioxidant properties used in ophthalmology has been studied in the hemoglobin--hydrogen peroxide--luminol system. The AOA of histochrome, ascorbate, dicinon, rutin, quercetin, and dihydroquercetin is comparable to that of trolox, the reference antioxidant in our studies. The drugs (in physiological concentrations) listed above are characterized by a high AOA. Cerebrolysin was 300 times less active than trolox, and emoxipin showed no antioxidant properties. Lacrimal AOA increased after a parabulbar injection of histochrome. Histochrome is believed to be a perspective antioxidant for the treatment of ocular diseases.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1999

[Ophthalmological applications of hydrocortisone ointment].

In spite of 40 years of active clinical use, hydrocortisone remains a potent therapeutic tool. Hydrocortisone ointment in ophthalmological practice relieves allergic symptoms in the eyes, inflammatory reaction in traumas and operative interventions. If the instructions for use are not violated, the ointment is quite safe.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1999

Collaborative telemedicine between optometry and ophthalmology: an initiative from the University of Houston.

The University of Houston College of Optometry (UHCO) has developed a strong Telemedicine Optometry/Ophthalmology program. Patient care, clinical teaching and research benefit from utilizing Telemedicine technology. This initiative between Optometry and Ophthalmology is at the forefront of eyecare! Presented here: clinical teaching opportunities via tele-education including retinal, uveitic, neuro-ophthalmic disorders and glaucoma. Seminars introduce students to this technology and enhance their clinical experience through exposure to eye pathologies often related to systemic diseases. UHCO's affiliated clinics include multidisciplinary centers staffed by optometrists: the Frost Eye Clinic (HIV multidisciplinary care), Good Neighbor Health Clinic and Rusk School Health Promotion Project (indigent multidisciplinary care). These centers can converse on line with eyecare professionals. Large sites interested in low vision/visual rehabilitation include: The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research (TIRR), the Social Security Hospital (Lima, Peru), the Matagorda General Hospital and the Quentin Mease Hospital. These sites, do offer quality care but require visual rehabilitation programs provided by UHCO. These sites also provide exposure to pathology for the students. A residency program trains optometrists in Telemedicine. The research program focuses on optics and imaging necessary to diagnose glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and neuro-ophthalmic disorders through Telemedicine. UHCO supports the advancement of standards in tele-eyecare.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of patient waiting times at an academic ophthalmology clinic.

Two hundred thirty-six patient visits to a major university's ophthalmology clinic were studied to determine patient waiting time. The waiting time was studied as a function of attending physician and appointment time. Patient arrival behavior was also documented. Recommendations regarding strategies to reduce waiting times were developed based on the data. The recommendations include: redistributing patient appointments to less busy times of the day; educating patients regarding the importance of punctuality; and creating a realistic patient appointment schedule. Awareness of the importance of waiting time to the health care consumer is of particular significance for the health care provider. The study allows analysis of waiting times in order to target problem areas and provides a benchmark for evaluation of waiting time reduction efforts. These results could be applicable to most clinical settings with varying mixes of patients.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1999

[Potentiated loco-regional anesthesia in ophthalmological surgery].

A clinical study on 46 patients, who were operated on for ophthalmologic diseases under local anaesthesia, is presented. Midazolam, diazepam and/or pethidine, given to the patients 5-10 minutes before the operation improved the classical local anaesthesia; they ensured hypnosis, analgesia, anterograde amnesia and vegetative protection, thus offering a high surgical comfort and diminishing considerably the rate of the well known incidences and complications of the local anaesthesia.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Applied medicine and ophthalmology].

Medicine as applied by specialists is an unexplored territory. By the example of Ophthalmology some relevant, specific scientific problems are outlined here.

Austria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrasound in ophthalmology].

Research activities of Department of Ultrasound are carried out in cooperation with other departments of the institute. This paper sums up 30-year activities of the department on the utilization of ultrasound in ophthalmology with diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Ultrasound is a highly informative diagnostic and effective treatment modality in various ocular diseases.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1975

A program for preventive ophthalmology in Israel: possible implications for prevention units in other specialized branches of clinical medicine.

A program is proposed for a prevention unit in ophthalmology in a medical school situated in a technologically developed country where degenerative diseases play a major role in the etiology of eye disease. The relationship of such a unit to the corresponding curative departments, to the departments of social medicine and medical ecology, to the Ministry of Health and to the corresponding professional body are described. The role such a unit may have as a forerunner of the formation of similar units in other specialities of medicine is emphasized.

Blindness↗
PubMed1999

Ophthalmology in Byzantium (10th - 15th centuries).

The study and analysis of the Byzantine texts after the 9th century, especially those of Theophanes and Ioannes Actuarius, reveals that the ophthalmology of this epoch follows in general lines the knowledge of the earlier ancient Greek and Byzantine physicians, adding, however, remarkable clarifications as to differential diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, there is some noteworthy information in the historical and hagiographical texts that indicate the high level of the practice of this specialty in Byzantine hospitals (xenones) in the middle and late periods.

Byzantium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Central hemodynamics in conditions of combined intravenous anesthesia using propofol and ketamine in pediatric ophthalmology].

A total of 152 patients aged 4-14 years at risk of ASA I or II were examined. Planned operations were carried out: correction of myopia, strabismus, and eyelid ptosis. The patients were divided into 4 groups: 1) 54 patients operated on under combined anesthesia (propofol infusion and ketamine bolus), 2) 60 children operated on under combined anesthesia by ketamine and propofol infusions, 3) 24 patients operated on under ketamine + seduxene infusion narcosis, and 4) 34 children in whom ketamine and seduxen were injected in boluses. All operations were carried out under conditions of spontaneous respiration. Central hemodynamic parameters were studied by tetrapolar chest rheography with NCCOM3-R7 device (BIOMED). Methods of combined anesthesia with diprivan (propofol) are indicated for children subjected to ophthalmological surgery as methods with the minimum effects on the hemodynamics and ensuring adequate anesthesiological protection as regards the clinical and hemodynamic status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Telemedicine in ophthalmology.

Comprehensive telemedicine promises a world of medicine freed of geographic borders, time zones, and personnel shortages. It could open the door to more accessible medical delivery systems and economical widespread screening for disease. No region of the world would be too remote or too poor to receive high quality medical care. This article traces the development and current applications and initiatives in the field of telemedicine as applied to ophthalmology in the wider sense. Uses for clinical diagnosis and management, screening, research, education and peer interaction are discussed.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed2002

[The evaluation of incidence of massive suprachoroidal hemorrhage n the material of the Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy in Bialystok from 1990 to 2000].

PURPOSE: Massive suprachoroidal hemorrhage is a well-known, possibly serious complication of many surgical procedures, including cataract extraction, glaucoma-filtering procedures, penetrating keratoplasty, retinal detachment surgery and pars plana vitrectomy. The aim of our study is evaluation of the incidence of massive suprachoroidal hemorrhage among patients operated in Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy in Białystok from 1990 to 2000. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1990 to 2000, 6225 intraocular operations, including 5541 cataract extractions, 195 glaucoma-filtering surgeries, 438 retinal detachment surgeries and 51 multiprocedure surgeries were performed. The criteria for diagnosis were the intraoperative signs of suprachoroidal hemorrhage (shallowing of the anterior chamber, increasing of the intraocular pressure, iris prolapse, expulsion of the lens and vitreous, retinal and choroidal elevation and loss of the red reflex) and postoperative ultrasonic examination. RESULTS: 18 eyes were identified with massive suprachoroidal hemorrhage, including 16 eyes during cataract extraction and 2 eyes during filtering procedures. The incidence of suprachoroidal hemorrhage for all intraoperative surgeries was 0.29%. It occurred in 0.28% of cataract surgeries and 1.02% of glaucoma filtering procedures. There were no incidence of suprachoroidal hemorrhage during retinal detachment surgeries. CONCLUSION: A massive suprachoroidal hemorrhage is a relatively rare complication of intraocular operations. Most frequently it is associated with glaucoma filtering surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Optometry and ophthalmology: the Internet connection--assessing consumer health web sites.

BACKGROUND: The Internet is a major conduit of health information. Consumers frequently rely on it without verifying its validity. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and currency of Internet-based information on the roles and practice of optometrists, which has been found to be misleading, inaccurate, and often outdated. METHODS: Using search engines and ranking directories, 16 popular health Web sites were examined for differentiation between optometry and ophthalmology. Each site's eye care content was reviewed for syndication, definitions, provider directories, linkages to eye organizations, and provider recommendations in treatment of certain conditions. RESULTS: Many Web sites use a syndicated source for their health content and several use Merriam-Webster as their primary dictionary. A majority of sites provided poor definitions for optometry. Most Web sites were biased in recommending ophthalmologists and do not include optometrists as licensed providers in treatment of certain eye diseases. For example, Intelihealth, Aetnaushc, and Noah-Health recommend only ophthalmologists for the treatment of conjunctivitis. CONCLUSIONS: Inaccuracies and misleading information about optometry do exist and undermine the role of optometrists in delivery of eye care. When alerted, several Web sites were receptive to proposed changes. While some efforts have been undertaken to monitor Web sites, the profession must develop a concrete effort to ensure that it is correctly represented on the Internet.

Health Education↗
PubMed2002

[Selection and training in Canadian ophthalmology residency. A concept to be meditated?].

The authors describe in detail the modalities for the selection of students applying to the ophthalmology programs in the various Canadian universities; the university of Montréal will serve as a model. The characteristics of their 5-year training assured by numerous teachers and short training rotations as well as by a compulsory research project are explained. They highlight the meticulous organization and the compulsory constraints for students, teachers and universities. In absence of evaluation criteria on the efficiency of interventionist training compared to less detailed apprenticeship-program training such as that dispensed in France, they note the differences between the two systems, a necessary precursor to the standardization of training programs which would allow more complete recognition of degrees in the context of a globalization of professional activities.

Canada↗
PubMed2002

[Tenotoxic potential of fluoroquinolones in the choice of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in ophthalmology].

PURPOSE: Fluoroquinolones are mainly used in ophthalmic antibiotic prophylaxis because of their broad spectrum activity and good ocular diffusion. But a single oral dose of fluoroquinolones can result in a serious source of tendinopathy and tendon rupture, especially in patients 60 years and older. It seems very important to investigate tendon toxicity of fluoroquinolones to improve the risk-benefit ratio in ophthalmologic antibiotic prophylaxis. MATERIAL: and methods: The intrinsic tenotoxic potential of four fluoroquinolones (pefloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin) was directly evaluated on living adherent tendon cells in microplates. Cell viability and reactive oxygen species production was evaluated using neutral red, alamar blue, and dichlorofluorescin diacetate tests. RESULTS: Results showed a loss of viability associated with free radical production depending on fluoroquinolone molecules. Pefloxacin appeared more tenotoxic but no study has confirmed its efficacy in surgical antibiotic prophylaxis and its use in the patient who is 60 years and older could be disputed. Ciprofloxacin is highly toxic with a low ocular diffusion and seems to be inappropriate for antibiotic prophylaxis. Ofloxacin and levofloxacin are less cytotoxic, associated with good ocular diffusion and a broad antibacterial spectrum. CONCLUSION: Ofloxacin and levofloxacin seem to be good alternatives for improving the risk-benefit ratio in surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in patients 60 years and older.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1998

[The application of antisense technology in ophthalmology].

The research of gene regulation become more and more important with the advancement of the technology of molecular biology and gene study. Antisense molecules can regulate and modify gene expression. By using antisense technology, antisense RNA or artificial antisense oligonucleotides can be made to inhibit or block the transcription and translation of genes. These molecules are highly specific in gene regulation. The application of antisense technology in ophthalmology is introduced briefly in the review. This may be helpful to the studies in ophthalmic research field.

DNA, Antisense↗
PubMed2003

[Ophthalmologic aspects in the treatment of traumatic orbit deformity].

Results of ophthalmologic examinations of a total of 65 patients with traumatic orbit deformations and a pronounced dislocation of the eyeball (a mean time elapsed from trauma to surgery is 19 months) are presented in the article. Enophthalmos was diagnosed in 89% of patients, ptosis of the eyeball--in 69% of patients and ophthalmoplegia--in 77% of patients. Pathology of the posterior eye segment was recorded in a majority of cases, while pathology of the optic nerve was recorded in more than 43% of cases. Inferior orbital wall plasty was performed in all patients. A reduced optic neuropathy (a mean postoperative follow-up of 15 months) was registered in a number of cases after the surgical repositioning of the eyeball and conservative treatment.

Adolescent↗