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PubMed1998

[Comparison of the effects of inhaled nitric oxide and intravasculare regitine on pulmonary gas exchange in young dogs with oleic-acid acute lung injury].

In order to find an agent which truly improves hypoxemia of some serious pediatric lung diseases, the authors examined the independent effects of nitric oxide inhalation and regitine infusion on blood gases, intrapulmonary shunt and hemodynamics in young dogs with oleic-acid acute lung injury. After nitric oxide inhalation, the results showed moderate increases in PaO2 and SaO2 (P > 0.05) and a significant decrease in Qs/Q tau ratio (P < 0.01). There was a significant decrease of PAP(P < 0.05), while SAP remained unchanged. After regitine infusion, however, there were marked decreases in PaO2 and SaO2 (P < 0.01); meanwhile, Qs/Q tau rose (P < 0.05). These suggest that with the presence of pulmonary pathology nitric oxide inhalation may alleviate the elevated pulmonary pressure without alteration in systemic artery pressure; so it can improve pulmonary ventilation-perfusion distribution and cause favorable changes in blood gases. On the other hand, regitine, as a non-selective vasodilator, reduces pulmonary artery pressure at the cost of significant worsening of blood oxygenation and systemic hypotension; so its routine use in childhood pulmonary diseases should be cautiously considered.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone on oleic acid formation in the liver of rats, mice and guinea pigs.

The purpose of the present study is to answer the question of whether there is a species difference in the effects of a pharmacological dose of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the enzymes that participate in oleic acid (18:1) formation in the liver. Feeding a diet containing 0.5% (w/w) DHEA for 14 days markedly increased the activities of acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase, palmitoyl-CoA chain elongase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase in the liver of rats and mice. These enzyme activities, however, were not changed by DHEA in guinea pigs. The treatments of rats and mice with DHEA markedly increased proportions of 18:1 in hepatic lipids, especially phosphatidylcholine (selectively at C-2 position), triacylglycerol and cholesterol ester. DHEA caused no significant changes in acyl compositions of hepatic lipids of guinea pigs. The levels of DHEA or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were markedly increased in serum and livers by DHEA administration to rats, mice and guinea pigs. High correlations were observed between hepatic levels of DHEA or DHEAS and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activities in rats. These results indicate that there are species differences in the inducing effects of DHEA or DHEAS on hepatic formation of 18:1 and that guinea pigs lack the machinery to induce the enzymes.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed2006

Oleic acid as optimizer of the skin delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid in photodynamic therapy.

PURPOSE: In photodynamic therapy (PDT), topically applied aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is converted to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which upon light excitation induces tumor destruction. To optimize 5-ALA-PDT via improving the highly hydrophilic 5-ALA limited penetration into the skin, we propose the use of the known skin penetration enhancer, oleic acid (OA). METHODS: In vitro skin penetration and retention of 5-ALA (1% w/w) were measured in the presence or absence of OA (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0% w/w) in propylene glycol (PG) using porcine ear skin as the membrane. In vivo accumulation of PpIX, 4 h after application, was determined fluorometrically in healthy mice skin by chemical extraction of skin samples. In vivo PpIX fluorescence kinetics was also investigated by noninvasive techniques using an optical fiber probe, for 30 min up to 24 h after topical application of 1.0% 5-ALA + 10.0% OA in PG on hairless mice skins. RESULTS: The flux and in vitro retention of 5-ALA in viable epidermis increased in the presence of 10.0% (w/w) OA. The amounts of PpIX, evaluated both by chemical tissue extractions and in vivo measurements by an optical fiber probe, increased after applying 5-ALA formulations containing 5.0 or 10.0% OA. Moreover, in vivo kinetic studies showed an increase in skin PpIX accumulation when formulations containing 10% OA were used; PpIX accumulation was also maintained longer compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Both in vitro and in vivo results show the OA potential as an optimizer of 5-ALA skin delivery.

Aminolevulinic Acid↗
PubMed2003

Flotation-separation of aluminum from some water samples using powdered marble waste and oleic acid.

Bench-scale experiments were conducted in the laboratory, aiming to remove aluminum from water. They were based on the use of powdered marble wastes (PMW), which are inexpensive and produced in large quantity, and thus potentially cause environmental problems, as an effective inorganic sorbent and oleic acid (HOL) as surfactant. The main parameters (solution pHs, sorbent, surfactant and aluminum concentrations, shaking time, ionic strength and the presence of foreign ions) that influence the sorptive-flotation process were examined. Good results were obtained under the optimum conditions, for which nearly 100% of aluminum at pH 7 and at room temperature (approximately 25 degrees C) was removed. The procedure was successfully applied to the recovery of aluminum spiked to some natural water samples. Moreover, a sorption and flotation mechanism is suggested.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1982

Elimination of metabolic cooperation is associated with the tumor promoters, oleic acid and anthralin.

Inhibition of intercellular communication, as measured by metabolic cooperation between 6-thioguanine-sensitive and resistant Chinese hamster V79 cells, has been previously shown to be correlated with a large variety of known tumor promoters in many species and organ systems. The effects of anthralin and oleic acid, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, were shown to eliminate metabolic cooperation in Chinese hamster cells. Moreover, increased serum levels appear to reduce the effectiveness of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, a powerful tumor promoter and inhibitor of metabolic cooperation, to eliminate metabolic cooperation. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition of metabolic cooperation is associated with an aspect of the complex tumor promotion process and indicate that in vitro culture conditions are critical for the proper assessment of potential tumor promoters.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Triacylglycerols based on 2-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)oleic acid are potent inhibitors of pancreatic lipase.

A novel class of potent human pancreatic lipase (HPL) inhibitors was developed. Triacylglycerol analogues containing 2-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino) fatty acids were synthesized, and their ability to form stable films at the air/water interface was studied. The inhibition of human digestive lipases by the compounds synthesized was studied by the monolayer technique, and the triesters of glycerol and 2-methylglycerol with 2-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)oleic acid were found to be potent inhibitors of HPL.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Pharmacokinetics and antitumor effects of vincristine carried by microemulsions composed of PEG-lipid, oleic acid, vitamin E and cholesterol.

In this study, injectable microemulsions of vincristine (M-VCR) were prepared and its pharmacokinetics, acute toxicity and antitumor effects were evaluated. In M-VCR, the surfactants were PEG-lipid and cholesterol, the oil phase was a vitamin E solution of oleic acid and VCR. The particle size distribution and zeta potential of M-VCR were measured by the laser light dynamic scattering method. The VCR-loading efficiency was measured by Sephadex G50 column chromatography. The stability of M-VCR was monitored by particle size, VCR-loading efficiency and VCR content changes of M-VCR stored at 7 degrees C. The pharmacokinetics, acute toxicity and antitumor effects of M-VCR were studied in C57BL/6 mice bearing mouse murine histocytoma M5076 tumors. When stored at 7 degrees C in the dark for 1 year, the average diameter and VCR-loading efficiency of M-VCR changed from 138.1+/-1.2 nm and 94.6+/-4.7% to 127.1+/-2.4 nm and 91.3+/-4.8% (n=3), respectively, while 7.4+/-0.3% VCR decomposition was observed (n=3). The plasma AUC of M-VCR was significantly greater than that of free VCR (F-VCR). The heart, spleen and liver AUC(0.08-12 h) of M-VCR were significantly smaller than those of F-VCR while the kidney AUC(0.08-12 h) of M-VCR was significantly greater than that of F-VCR. The tumor AUC(0.08-12 h) of M-VCR was significantly greater than that of F-VCR. M-VCR had lower acute toxicity and greater potential antitumor effects than F-VCR in M5076 tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. M-VCR is a useful tumor-targeting microemulsion drug delivery system.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Dietary effects of corn oil, oleic acid, perilla oil, and evening [corrected] primrose oil on plasma and hepatic lipid level and atherosclerosis in Japanese quail.

To compare the atherogenecity of different fats and oils, a total of forty, 40-day-old male Japanese quails were fed one of the following diets for three months: basal diet (control), a diet-containing 15% corn oil (CO) and 2% cholesterol (CH), a diet-containing 15% oleic acid (OL) and 2% CH, a diet-containing 15% perilla oil (PE) and 2% CH, a diet-containing 15% evening [corrected] primrose oil (PR) and 2% CH. A higher plasma cholesterol concentration was found in the birds in the CO and OL groups, whereas the PE and PR groups showed a much lower level of plasma cholesterol than the CO and OL groups. In proportion to the increased plasma cholesterol, both CO and OL groups showed narrowing of the lumen of the ascending aorta and its large branches due to marked lipid-rich intimal thickening. Ultrastructural changes in the ascending aorta and its large branches were correlated with the degree of intimal thickening. The major foam cell types were macrophages and fibroblastic cells. The PE and PR groups showed the fewest lipid-rich intimal thickening lesions in their ascending aorta and its large branches. These findings suggest that the alpha-linolenic acid contained in perilla oil is less atherogenic than oleic and linoleic acid, and gamma-linolenic acid contained in evening [corrected] primrose oil has a tendency to decrease the plasma lipid level.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Reduction in the stearic to oleic acid ratio in human malignant liver neoplasms.

Total lipid extracts of liver tissue from 14 patients with primary and secondary liver tumours were analysed for relative values of saturation of 18 carbon chain length fatty acids (C18FA). The saturation indices (ratio C18S:C18u) of the tumour areas were significantly and consistently lower than the corresponding values in the non-tumour areas (P less than 0.001). It is proposed that the relative increase in unsaturated C18FA (oleic acid) could prove to be a chemical marker reflecting deficient cellular control of the desaturation of stearic acid.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Oleic acid enhances vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway.

Nonesterified fatty acids are acutely liberated during lipolysis and are chronically elevated in pathological conditions such as insulin resistance, hypertension, and obesity, which are known risk factors for atherosclerosis. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of oleic acid (OA), an 18-carbon cis-monosaturated fatty acid on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Incubation of a rat VSMC (A10 cells) with OA (50 microM) resulted in an increase of cells entering the S phase of the cell cycle. In consistent with the effects on cell cycle distribution, OA stimulated VSMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The mitogenic effect of OA was significantly reduced by pretreatment of LY294002 (5 microM) or wortmannin (1 microM), potent, and specific inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). OA also induced activation of Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) in a time-dependent manner. OA-induced activation of Akt/PKB was inhibited by either LY294002 or wortmannin. Taken together, these experiments show that the enhanced phosphorylation of Akt/PKB by OA is dependent on PI3K and suggest that this signaling event may be important for the regulation of OA-induced VSMC proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Incorporation of 3H-oleic acid by the proximal convoluted tubule cells of the chick (Gallus domesticus). Electron microscopic autoradiographic study.

Lipid metabolism in the cells of the renal proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) was investigated in healthy fowls and in fowls with the Fatty Liver and Kidney Syndrome (FLKS). The tissue was fixed at 10-25 min intervals after intravenous injection of 3H-oleic acid. The distribution of autoradiographic grains was analysed by the "circle method". In normal cells most of the silver grains were associated with the cytoplasmic organelles. Lipid droplets and Golgi elements had the highest specific activity relative to the nuclear activity, which was little above background level. Lysosome-like bodies and mitochondria had lower values. In the cells of the FLKS-affected birds a large porportion of the grains was located over the lipid droplets, which are abundant in this condition. The specific activity of the cytoplasmic organelles was barely 2-fold higher than the nuclear activity. The results suggest that there is a diminished incorporation of esterified fatty acids by the organelles of these cells and that the excess is transferred to the lipid droplets. The identity of low electron density particles observed in the PCT cell of severely affected birds is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Oleic acid, a skin penetration enhancer, affects Langerhans cells and corneocytes.

Permeation enhancers (PE) are frequently used in the field of dermal research and for the development of transdermal delivery products. However, their influence on skin epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) has not yet been investigated. In this work we studied the effect of four PE, oleic acid (OA), propylene glycol (PG), ethanol, and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME), and an iontophoretic treatment on the morphometric parameters of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC). Retinoic acid (RA) was used as a positive control. Test solutions were applied to the footpad of Sabra mice. The area, perimeter, density and shape factor (SF) were the morphometric parameters evaluated following ATPase staining of LC. Application of RA led to a large decrease in cell density (-50.2%, P<0.01) and dendritic shape (19.8%, P<0.01). Treatment with 10% OA in ethanolic solution caused a severe decrease in LC density (-69.0%, P<0.01), accompanied by a decrease in dendricity as measured by the changes in SF. Ethanol had no statistically significant effect on the LC morphologic parameters tested. All other PE had a mild, if any, effect on LC morphology. SEM micrographs of the skin of IOPS hairless rats demonstrated that 24 h in vivo treatment with 10% OA in ethanolic solution resulted in the generation of pores on the surface of epidermal corneocytes.

Animals↗