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PubMed2003

Interdisciplinary sciences in the 21st century.

With the advance of genome projects the search for the order of cellular processes has become a realistic goal. Yet this order is hidden behind a screen of data, which obscures the actual connectivity of genes and proteins. In order to expose the true nature of these networks it becomes necessary to apply in silico analysis based on certain parallels between biological and complex technical systems. These efforts far exceed current notions of computational biology.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed2006

Development of a replicable process for translating science into practical health education messages.

There has been considerable discussion about translating science into practical messages, especially among urban minority and "hard-to-reach" populations. Unfortunately, many research findings rarely make it back in useful format to the general public. Few innovative techniques have been established that provide researchers with a systematic process for developing health awareness and prevention messages for priority populations. The purpose of this paper is to describe the early development and experience of a unique community-based participatory process used to develop health promotion messages for a predominantly low-income, black and African-American community in Baltimore, MD. Scientific research findings from peer-reviewed literature were identified by academic researchers. Researchers then taught the science to graphic design students and faculty. The graphic design students and faculty then worked with both community residents and researchers to transform this information into evidence-based public health education messages. The final products were culturally and educationally appropriate, health promotion messages reflecting urban imagery that were eagerly desired by the community. This early outcome is in contrast to many previously developed messages and materials created through processes with limited community involvement and by individuals with limited practical knowledge of local community culture or expertise in marketing or mass communication. This process may potentially be utilized as a community-based participatory approach to enhance the translation of scientific research into desirable and appropriate health education messages.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1994

The J. Otto Lottes Health Sciences Library and the Microcomputer Learning Laboratory.

Opened in 1985, the J. Otto Lottes Health Sciences Library at the University of Missouri-Columbia has adapted to changes in information technology by installing a fiber optic backbone, establishing local area networks and file servers with databases and software programs, establishing a microcomputer learning laboratory, and responding to the needs of a problem-based learning curriculum. The library works cooperatively with the Medical Informatics Group, which is housed in the library and runs the micro laboratory, to support student and faculty computing.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1996

Memory and Learning of Sequential Patterns by Nonmonotone Neural Networks.

Conventional neural network models for temporal association generally do not work well in the absence of synchronizing neurons. This is because their dynamical properties are fundamentally not suitable for storing sequential patterns, no matter what storage or learning algorithm is used. The present article describes a nonmonotone neural network (NNN) model in which sequential patterns are stored by being embedded in a trajectory attractor of the dynamical system, and recalled stably and smoothly without synchronization; recall is done in such a way that the network state successively moves along the trajectory. A simple and natural learning algorithm for the NNN is also presented, where one only has to vary the input pattern gradually and modify the synaptic weights according to a kind of covariance rule; then the network state follows slightly behind the input pattern, and its trajectory grows to be an attractor with a small number of repetitions. Copyright 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Do we need a Unique Scientist ID for publications in biomedicine?

BACKGROUND: The PubMed database contains nearly 15 million references from more than 4,800 biomedical journals. In general, authors of scientific articles are addressed by their last name and forename initial. DISCUSSION: In general, names can be too common and not unique enough to be search criteria. Today, Ph.D. students, other researchers and women publish scientific work. A person may not only have one name but several names and publish under each name. A Unique Scientist ID could help to address people in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. As a starting point, perhaps PubMed could generate and manage such a scientist ID. SUMMARY: A Unique Scientist ID would improve knowledge management in science. Unfortunately in some of the publications, and then within the online databases, only one letter abbreviates the author's forename. A common name with only one initial could retrieve pertinent citations, but include many false drops (retrieval matching searched criteria but indisputably irrelevant).

Journal Article↗
PubMed2025

Modulation of the tumor microenvironment by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with the tumor microenvironment (TME) playing a pivotal role in its progression and therapeutic resistance. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), a central regulator of intracellular protein degradation, is increasingly recognized for its involvement in cancer pathogenesis, though its specific role in modulating the CRC TME remains to be fully elucidated. This review aims to systematically summarize current evidence on how the UPS influences the immunosuppressive network within the CRC TME and to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for original research articles and reviews published between January 2010 and August 2025, using keywords including "ubiquitin-proteasome system," "colorectal cancer," "tumor microenvironment,""immune escape,"and "targeted therapy." Studies were selected based on their relevance to UPS-mediated regulatory mechanisms in CRC TME remodeling, immune cell function, and treatment response. RESULTS: Our analysis of preclinical and clinical evidence reveals that the UPS critically regulates immune evasion in CRC through multiple mechanisms: (1) USP14 stabilizes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), enhancing tryptophan catabolism and kynurenine accumulation, which suppresses T-cell activity; (2) E3 ligases including SPOP, C-Cbl, KLHL22, and FBW7 modulate PD-L1/PD-1 protein stability via ubiquitination, thereby influencing immune checkpoint signaling; and (3) ZFP91 facilitates K63-linked ubiquitination of PP2Ac, impairing mTORC1-mediated glycolysis in T cells and reinforcing regulatory T-cell immunosuppression. Additionally, the UPS intersects with key oncogenic pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, and p53, further shaping the immunosuppressive landscape of CRC. CONCLUSIONS: Targeting the UPS represents a promising strategy to reverse immunosuppression and overcome therapy resistance in CRC. The primary advantage of this approach lies in its ability to simultaneously disrupt multiple immunosuppressive pathways within the TME, offering a potential solution to the limitations of single-target therapies. Current approaches include proteasome inhibitors, E3 ligase modulators, and deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitors, with combination regimens-such as UPS inhibitors with immune checkpoint blockade-showing synergistic efficacy in preclinical models. Future efforts should focus on enhancing the selectivity of UPS-targeting agents, minimizing off-target effects, and integrating genomic profiling to guide personalized treatment. While current evidence strongly supports the therapeutic potential of UPS targeting, its establishment as a reliable alternative therapy in the clinic will depend on overcoming these challenges and validating efficacy in human trials. This review underscores the UPS as a central regulator of the CRC TME and provides a rational basis for novel therapeutic development.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

The role of professional journalism in protecting against questionable practice.

The editor in chief of the Journal of the Canadian Dental Association explains that professional journalism alone cannot be expected to protect against questionable practice but it plays a vital role in the network of resources that define standards of excellent and ethical care. According to some, the explosion of biomedical information has created a crisis as emerging science overwhelms practitioners' capacity to intelligently evaluate it and incorporate it into practice. Research in medicine shows that journals play only a part in decisions regarding practice patterns. Some initiatives taken by the Canadian Dental Association to publish professional literature relevant to practitioners' needs to remain current in order to prevent questionable dental practice are described.

Canada↗
PubMed2005

Ecologies, outreach, and the evolution of medical libraries.

QUESTION: What are some of the forces shaping the evolution of medical libraries, and where might they lead? DATA SOURCES: Published literature in the fields of library and information sciences, technology, health services research, and business was consulted. MAIN RESULTS: Medical libraries currently have a modest footprint in most consumers' personal health ecologies, the network of resources and activities they use to improve their health. They also occupy a relatively small space in the health care, information, and business ecologies of which they are a part. Several trends in knowledge discovery, technology, and social organizations point to ways in which the roles of medical libraries might grow and become more complex. CONCLUSION: As medical libraries evolve and reach out to previously underserved communities, an ecological approach can serve as a useful organizing framework for the forces shaping this evolution.

Community-Institutional Relations↗
PubMed2006

[New era in molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Japan].

Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) is a science to study TB transmission dynamics and to enhance our understanding of the epidemiology of TB by utilizing molecular typing methods as an adjunct to classical epidemiological approach. Before the era of molecular epidemiology, it was quite difficult to ascertain the source of the infections since M. tuberculosis is spread by air-borne droplets of respiratory secretions expelled by an infectious person to a susceptible host and it can remain latent as an asymptomatic infection for years. Now a day, our understanding of TB transmission dynamics has been refined by genotyping of M. tuberculosis strains. The methods of molecular epidemiology, especially IS6110 RFLP of M. tuberculosis, were first introduced to outbreak investigations and then gradually been expanded its application to population-based study in Japan. IS6110 RFLP is obviously a powerful tool for strain differentiation of M. tuberculosis but its labor-intensiveness limits the achievable throughput and makes it less useful for long-term prospective studies. Recently, apart from IS6110 RFLP, DNA amplification-based method, i.e., variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) has appeared as a substitute for or adjunct to the IS6110 RFLP. In this symposium, we have invited four opinion leaders in molecular epidemiology of TB from different fields: Mycobacterium reference center, basic science, clinical practice, and public health practice. We, as the chairpersons of this symposium, hope that this symposium would trigger the development of molecular epidemiological network of TB in Japan. 1. Achievement and problem of molecular epidemiologic study with IS6110-RFLP analyses of tuberculosis in Okinawa: Shinji MAEDA (Mycobacterium Reference Center, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association) The long-term RFLP analyses of tuberculosis in Okinawa showed that endemic M. tuberculosis might be present. This is one of the achievements of our project study. On the other hand, for more effective examination of contact persons, information of molecular epidemiology should be used actively. Therefore because the analysis report needs to be sent back quickly, the PCR-based VNTR method should substitute for the RFLP analysis. 2. Basic knowledge and application of Variable Numbers of Tandem Repeats: Kei NISHIMORI (Department of epidemiology, National Institute of Animal Health) Genomic loci of Variable Numbers of Tandem Repeats (VNTR loci) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium avium, the history of analysis of VNTR loci, the hypothetical mechanisms of increase or decrease of number of repeats, the structures of the loci, and the necessity of standardizing the VNTR typing were introduced. 3. Clinical application of VNTR: Tomoshige MATSUMOTO, and Hiromi ANO (Department of Clinical Research and Development, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization Osaka Prefectural Medical Center for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases) Tuberculosis genotyping was first introduced to outbreak investigations and population-based studies. The advent of Variable Numbers of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) can be applied to clinical fields of not only Mycobacterium tuberculosis but also of Mycobacterium avium. In Osaka Prefectural Medical Center for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, clinical application of VNTR was first introduced in Japan to determine whether Mycobacterium tuberculosis or avium disease was caused by reactivation or reinfection when relapsed. We showed some examples about usefulness of the clinical application of VNTR. 4. Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis to improve TB prevention and control activities: Tomotada IWAMOTO (Department of microbiology, Kobe Institute of Health), Riyo FUJIYAMA, Noriko TANAKA, Yasuto KAWAKAMI (Kobe City Public Health Center), Chika SHIRAI (Hyogo-ku Health and Welfare Department, Kobe) M. tuberculosis isolates in Kobe have been characterized as: a) Beijing family strains are highly prevalent (77%), b) two major MIRU profiles in Beijing family were found, one is globally pandemic genotype and the other is locally prevalent strains, c) six strains belonged to T3-Osaka family, and d) Manila family strains made cluster consisting of 3 strains. Kobe VNTR Database which consists of 12-loci MIRU and 9 additional VNTR loci has been developed. The basis for the selection of these supplemental 9 VNTR loci and the application of VNTR database in TB control program were introduced.

Databases, Genetic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Androgen insensitivity syndrome in the era of molecular genetics and the Internet: a point of view.

The era of molecular genetics has seen the discovery of a great deal of scientific information about the androgen receptor (AR) and about the many AR mutations that have been identified in patients with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS). In families with well-characterised mutations, carriers can now be identified and prenatal testing can be offered. An unexpected finding is that an AR mutation also causes X-linked spinobulbar muscular atrophy. The intersex community has established two influential support groups, the AIS Support Group (which has branches in the UK, North America and Australia) and the Intersex Society of North America (ISNA). It is ironic that at a time when advances in biomedical science regarding AIS are a source of pride, these support groups are accusing the medical profession of having ignored the real needs of patients with AIS. Since the support groups are willing to assist the medical profession to develop better approaches to the management of intersex disorders, a collaborative approach is likely to be mutually beneficial for patients and physicians. ISNA has alienated many doctors by advocating a radical approach, namely that surgery should not be performed to 'correct' ambiguous genitalia until the individual is old enough to express a gender preference. Many children born in developing countries have either no genital surgery to correct ambiguity, or surgery is carried out very late. Long term outcome studies, carried out in developing countries and sensitive to the cultural background, would provide information on how non-Western societies can accept genital abnormalities that would be considered unacceptable in the West.

Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Proposal for a new distributed database of macromolecular and subcellular structures from different areas of microscopy.

In this work we address the problem of information access that arises in the field of three-dimensional structure determination, by means of image processing, from data obtained by various types of microscopy. A prototype of a distributed database containing three-dimensional structural information is presented. In this database the volume information is linked, if possible, to other sources of catalogued information such as sequence data, atomic coordinates, and bibliographies. The solution we propose is sufficiently general to be applicable to data in other fields of biomedical science.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1997

The study of early human embryos using interactive 3-dimensional computer reconstructions.

Tracings of serial histological sections from 4 human embryos at different Carnegie stages were used to create 3-dimensional (3D) computer models of the developing heart. The models were constructed using commercially available software developed for graphic design and the production of computer generated virtual reality environments. They are available as interactive objects which can be downloaded via the World Wide Web. This simple method of 3D reconstruction offers significant advantages for understanding important events in morphological sciences.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1991

New device gives mobility to monitoring equipment.

A new type of patient monitor can turn any bed into a monitored bed without special wiring. The Escort-Link wireless bedside monitor uses radio frequencies instead of cables to transmit information to a central viewing station. The monitor is now being used in emergency departments, step-down units and operating rooms in about 30 hospitals. If wireless networks prove practical, radio transmissions may become increasingly common in hospitals.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2000

The use of DCS and info systems in protection of environmental health.

New millennium will foster advances in different face of information age. The world is already prepared for global Large Seale Networking. Existing PC-Based DCS could be able to achieve higher intelligence, integrity, speed, memory capacity. Currently in this climate IT will develop and demonstrate revolutionary applications in basic science, medicine, environment protection, etc. The main goal of this paper is to show basic architecture and system software functionality at DCS. Totally specific principle and approach to system philosophy needs to be used for next generations at QC with HECC. DCS are helping and it will do in future to overcome limitations of traditional technology to make better environment. In same time IT allow to gain high speed access to scientific and medicine instruments, surgical and other therapeutic interventions and better organisation of primary health care what Bosnian people have to do! The people at Bosnia and Herzegovina needs to design move competitive education and training system.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗
PubMed1998

Analysis of quantitative EEG with artificial neural networks and discriminant analysis--a methodological comparison.

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are widely used to solve problems of differentiating between groups. However, serious comparisons of this method with the traditional procedure for such tasks (discriminant analysis) are rare. Discussing the results of both methods with the example of highly topical data, we try to demonstrate advantages and drawbacks of both methods. For this purpose, quantitative EEGs of 78 alcoholics were investigated in order to determine whether it is possible to predict relapse of these patients at the beginning of treatment. ANN software is available in Kassel (Institute for Computer Sciences and Mathematics).

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1990

A knowledge-based architecture for protein sequence analysis and structure prediction.

Methods for analyzing the amino-acid sequence of a protein for the purposes of predicting its three-dimensional structure were systematically analyzed using knowledge engineering techniques. The resulting entities (data) and relations (processing methods and constraints) have been represented within a generalized dependency network consisting of 29 nodes and over 100 links. It is argued that such a representation meets the requirements of knowledge-based systems in molecular biology. This network is used as the architecture for a prototype knowledge-based system that simulates logically the processes used in protein structure prediction. Although developed specifically for applications in protein structure prediction, the network architecture provides a strategy for tackling the general problem of orchestrating and integrating the diverse sources of knowledge that are characteristic of many areas of science.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

A Comparative Study of Two Neural Methods of Exploratory Projection Pursuit.

We investigate two recently proposed methods of performing exploratory data analysis using artificial neural networks: the BCM neuron and the negative feedback network. Our findings are that the BCM neuron performs only a severely limited version of Exploratory Projection Pursuit while the negative feedback network is effective in finding all interesting projections of data. The improved properties of an extension to the basic BCM neuron are analysed. Copyright 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

Journal Article↗