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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Clinicopathological study on upper urinary tract tumors and associated bladder tumors.

We reviewed 82 patients with 83 upper urinary tract tumors and investigated those who had associated bladder tumors. Of these patients, 7 (9%) had previous bladder tumors, 14 (17%) had concurrent bladder tumors, and 18 (22%) subsequently developed bladder tumors. As 1 patient subsequently developed a bladder and a upper urinary tract tumor at different times, 38 patients (46%) had associated bladder tumors. The time interval between the occurrence of a previous bladder tumor and the subsequent upper urinary tract tumor was 11 to 144 months (mean: 41 months), while that between an upper urinary tract tumor and the subsequent bladder tumor was 3-31 months (mean: 12 months). Most of the previous bladder tumors were papillary, multiple, and noninvasive (pT1 or less). Multiple upper urinary tract tumors were associated with a high incidence of concurrent bladder tumors, while high-grade (G2, G3) or invasive (pT2 or more) upper urinary tract tumors were associated with a high incidence of concurrent and subsequent bladder tumors. Patients with concurrent bladder tumors had a worse prognosis than those with previous or subsequent bladder tumors due to the increased incidence of high-stage tumors at either the upper tract or bladder site. Our findings suggest that tumor cell implantation is a possible mechanism for the recurrence of bladder tumors and upper urinary tract tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Retinoblastoma and osteogenic sarcoma.

Radiogenic and non-radiogenic osteosarcomas are rather frequent in retinoblastoma patients and probably also in retinoblastoma families. Besides the pathologic gene for retinoblastoma, there must be a predisposition to develop osteogenic sarcomas, which is probably genetic.

Eye Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

P53 in squamous metaplasia: a marker for risk of respiratory tract carcinoma.

Dysplasia in squamous metaplasia of the respiratory tract was believed to be a reversible premalignant lesion. Recently, presumably irreversible genetic alterations have been demonstrated in squamous metaplasia with dysplasia in lung-resection specimens. The genetic alterations were closely similar to those in adjacent bronchial carcinoma. There remains the question of which changes in squamous metaplastic lesions are premalignant, and which of these changes predict the occurrence of carcinoma of the respiratory tract. The purpose of this study was to determine the positive predictive value for respiratory-tract malignancy of the grade of dysplasia, p53 immunoreactivity, proliferative activity, and Bcl-2 in bronchial biopsy specimens exhibiting squamous metaplasia. Bronchial biopsies of 51 patients with squamous metaplasia diagnosed between 1982 and 1993 were used. Immunohistochemistry was done after microwave pretreatment of the biopsy specimens. Only unequivocally stained nuclei were counted. Normal bronchial epithelium obtained from autopsies was used as a control. In 31 patients, a synchronous or metachronous carcinoma was present (61%). Positive p53 immunoreactivity was found in 22 of the 51 patients (43%). The positive predictive values of p53 and of a high grade of dysplasia for carcinoma of the respiratory tract were 91% and 80%, respectively. Although the hyperproliferative state of squamous metaplastic lesions was clearly established, neither the percentage of MIB-1 labelling nor the mitotic index distinguished patient groups with and without carcinoma. No increased Bcl-2 immunostaining was found in squamous metaplasia. In conclusion, p53 immunoreactivity in squamous metaplastic lesions in bronchial biopsies is a marker of carcinoma of the respiratory tract.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Multiple granular cell tumors of the bronchi: treatment with laser.

Granular cell tumors involving multiple bronchial and extrapulmonary sites were found in a young man. Carbon dioxide laser ray was applied through a specially fitted rigid bronchoscope to a lesion at the left mainstem bronchus. Serial follow-up bronchoscopies revealed a white scarred plaque without evidence of regrowth. A partially obstructing lesion at the left lower lobe bronchus did not respond to one application of laser therapy. Laser treatment of proximal benign bronchial lesions is feasible; however, peripheral lesions may require several courses of laser therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Basal-cell tumors of the lumbar skin after radiotherapy for arthrosis.

Twenty-three cases of basal-cell tumor of the skin arising in the lumbar-sacral region after repeated irradiations in anti-inflammatory doses for arthrosis are discussed. The involved cutaneous region had been submitted to a number of roentgenotherapy cycles, varying from a minimum of 2 to a maximum of 10. The total dose absorbed at skin level varied between 14.4 and 72.0 Gy, administered over 2 to 6 years. Thirteen to 30 years (median, 19) had elapsed since the end of the irradiations. This observation compels a critical re-evaluation to be made concerning certain radiotherapy indications. The treatment of these lesions involves some problems: radiotherapy is made difficult by the coexistence of often serious dystrophic lesions on the surrounding skin, and surgery is often unsuccessful. The topic application of 5-fluorouracil ointment seems to achieve good results.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

Radio-induced sarcomas in survivors of Ewing's sarcoma.

Of 255 cases of Ewing's sarcoma recorded at the Bone Tumor Center of the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, 78 patients (irradiated and with a follow-up of longer than 3 years) were considered "at risk" for the development of a second radio-induced sarcoma (RIS). Three of the 78 patients developed an RIS in the irradiated field. Theoretical and statistical analyses were carried out considering different modalities of local treatment. Statistically, the only significant factor was related to the irradiation dose. Surgical resection seems to prevent RIS.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical aspects and management of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomical dominant trasmitted disease phenotypically defined according to the "Amsterdam criteria" as follows: at least 3 affected relatives, one of whom first degree relative of other two, at least two successive generations affected. Important cardinal features are: 1) prevalent proximal location of cancers (above splenic flexure); 2) multiple synchronous or methachronous large bowel cancers; 3) early age of onset (<50 years); 4) presence of extracolonic cancers (endometrium, stomach, urinary tract, skin). The treatment is essentially surgical and total colectomy with ileo-rectum anastomosis is already proposed as standard procedure with annual endoscopic examination of retained rectum. The screening of individuals at risk, so determined by the analysis of pedigree or the results of molecular tests, must be performed every 1-2 years by colonoscopy starting around the age of 25 years. In this review are described and analysed the spectrum of the disease with particular attention to the frequency and characteristics of extracolonic cancers. Moreover, the guidelines of the surveillance and screening are reported following the data of the literature and as proposed by the International Collaborative Group (ICG-HNPCC).

Age of Onset↗
PubMed2005

Females with paired occurrence of cancers in the UADT and genital region have a higher frequency of either Glutathione S-transferase M1/T1 null genotype.

Upper Aero digestive Tract (UADT) is the commonest site for the development of second cancer in females after primary cervical cancer. Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1 and / or T1) null genotype modulates the risk of developing UADT cancer (primary as well as second cancer). The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in GST null genotype frequencies in females with paired cancers in the UADT and genital region as compared to females with paired cancers in the UADT and non-genital region. Forty-nine females with a cancer in the UADT and another cancer (at all sites-genital and non-genital) were identified from a database of patients with multiple primary neoplasms and were analyzed for the GSTM1 and T1 genotype in addition to known factors such as age, tobacco habits, alcohol habits and family history of cancer. Frequencies of GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, and either GSTM1/T1 null were higher in females with paired occurrence of cancer in the UADT and genital site (54%, 33% and 75% respectively) in comparison to females with paired occurrence of cancer in the UADT and non-genital sites (22%, 6% and 24% respectively). The significantly higher inherited frequency of either GSTM1/T1 null genotype in females with a paired occurrence of cancers in UADT and genital region (p = 0.01), suggests that these females are more susceptible to damage by carcinogens as compared to females who have UADT cancers in association with cancers at non-genital sites.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Second neoplasms in patients with Hodgkin's disease following combined modality therapy--the Yale experience.

From 1969 to 1982, 183 patients with previously untreated stages IIIB and IV Hodgkin's disease and relapsing Hodgkin's disease after radiation therapy were treated with combination chemotherapy plus low-dose irradiation (CRT). One hundred fifty patients who achieved a complete response (CR) were analyzed for risk of developing a second neoplasm. Median follow-up has been 8.3 years. Actuarial survival of all patients is 74% at 10 years with a relapse-free survival of 68%. An additional 24 patients with stage IIIA disease were also treated with CRT. There were 22 CRs at risk who were analyzed. Median follow-up has been 3+ years with an actuarial survival of 90% at five years and a relapse-free survival of 83%. Second neoplasms have developed in 14 of 172 patients at risk: acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL; five patients); aggressive histology non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL; three patients); and a variety of solid neoplasms (six patients). Time to second neoplasm diagnosis after initial treatment ranged from 12 to 141 months. Five patients were older than 40 years. At the time of diagnosis of the second malignancy, 11 patients were free of Hodgkin's disease (for 36 to 141 months) and three were receiving therapy for recurrent Hodgkin's disease. The 10-year actuarial risk (%) of developing ANLL was 5.9 +/- 2.8; for NHL, the risk was 3.5 +/- 2.4, and for solid neoplasms, 5.8 +/- 3.0. Our results suggest that combination chemotherapy plus low-dose irradiation does not appear to significantly increase the risk of developing second neoplasms above that already reported for combination chemotherapy when administered as either initial or salvage treatment of Hodgkin's disease.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1989

Increased risk of lung cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and leukemia following Hodgkin's disease.

The risk of second cancers (SCs) was assessed in 744 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) admitted to The Netherlands Cancer Institute from 1966 to 1983. Sixty-nine SCs were observed one month or more after start of first treatment. These included 14 cases of lung cancer, nine cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 16 cases of leukemia, and six cases of the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The median interval between the diagnosis of HD and that of second lung cancer, NHL, and leukemia was 8.1, 13.3, and 5.7 years, respectively. The overall relative risks (RR) (observed/expected [O/E] ratios) of developing lung cancer, NHL, and leukemia were 4.9 (95% confidence limit [CL], 2.7 to 8.2), 31.0 (95% CL, 14.2 to 58.9) and 45.7 (95% CL, 26.1 to 74.2), respectively. At 15 years the cumulative risk of developing an SC amounted to 20.6% +/- 2.9%. The 15-year estimates of lung cancer, NHL, and leukemia were 6.2% +/- 1.9%, 5.9% +/- 2.1% and 6.3% +/- 1.7%, respectively. Increased lung cancer risk following HD has not frequently been clearly demonstrated before; that we were able to demonstrate such risk may be due to the completeness of follow-up over long periods that could be achieved in this study. Excess lung cancer risk was only noted in treatment regimens with radiotherapy (RT); also, all lung cancers arose in irradiation fields. Excess risk of leukemia was only found in treatment regimens involving chemotherapy (CT). For NHL, combined modality treatment was shown to be the most important risk factor. Risk of lung cancer and NHL increased with time since diagnosis. A time-dependent covariate analysis (Cox model) performed on leukemia and MDS showed an increasing risk with intensity of CT, age (greater than 40 years), and a splenectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Bilateral germ cell testicular tumors in New Zealand: experience in Auckland and Christchurch 1978-1994.

PURPOSE: The incidence of germ cell testicular tumors (GCTTs) is increasing world wide, and with effective treatment, the majority of patients are being cured. Thus, the clinical and social impact of a second testicular tumor is becoming more important. The frequency, cumulative risk, and relative risk of developing a second testicular cancer in New Zealand have been documented and compared with other reports. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of 741 men presenting with germ cell testicular cancer in Auckland and Christchurch between 1978 and 1994 have been reviewed, and these data have been compared with data from other published studies. Cumulative risk was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Over 2% of the study population developed a second germ cell testicular cancer. The cumulative risk was 5.2% over 15 years. The relative risk of developing a contralateral testicular tumor is 27.5 times higher than age-matched New Zealand peers. These results match the only comparable report in the literature. Five of the 16 bilateral tumors (31%) were synchronous, which is a higher incidence than in any other reported series. There was no concordance of histology in the first and second tumors. Prior exposure to cisplatin combination chemotherapy did not prevent the development of a second tumor. CONCLUSION: Men who are cured of a germ cell testicular cancer have a greatly increased risk of developing a second testicular cancer. Such patients should be informed of this risk and ideally kept under long-term surveillance.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Synchronous and metachronous squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck mucosal sites.

PURPOSE: The present study presents the experience at the University of Florida with synchronous and metachronous squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck mucosal sites. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included 1,112 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and supraglottic larynx treated with radiation therapy with curative intent from 1964 to 1997. All patients had follow-up for at least 2 years. No patients were lost to follow-up. RESULTS: The overall survival rate was 45% and the disease-specific survival rate was 67% at 5 years after initial diagnosis of carcinoma of the head and neck mucosal sites. Seventy-seven patients (7%) presented with synchronous carcinomas of the head and neck mucosal sites and 103 patients (9%) developed metachronous carcinomas of the head and neck mucosal sites at 0.6 to 21.7 years (median, 3.6 years). The overall survival rate was 31%, and the disease-specific survival rate was 50% at 5 years after metachronous carcinomas of the head and neck mucosal sites. Seven patients (1%) developed metachronous carcinomas of the thoracic esophagus at 1 to 11.1 years (median, 2.8 years), 15 patients (1%) presented with synchronous carcinomas of the lung, and 83 patients (7%) developed metachronous carcinomas of the lung at 0.6 to 17.6 years (median, 3.5 years). CONCLUSION: Development of synchronous and metachronous squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck mucosal sites are in part responsible for failure to improve overall survival rates for patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck mucosal sites, justifying rigorous follow-up and studies on chemoprevention.

Adult↗