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PubMed1987

[Rehabilitation in cerebrovascular stroke--experiences and results of a treatment concept based on modern neurophysiology knowledge].

The modern concept of rehabilitation of patients with stroke is based on new neurophysiological investigations about processes of movements, learning and memory. Therefore the rehabilitation is multidimensional. The complete patterns of symptoms must be considered. The training of cognitive functions has the same importance as the treatment of disorders of movements. The effects of this concept are investigated in 295 patients in accordance with self-activities and ability of walking. The results have been compared with 101 patients without consideration of all gnostic defects. The results of the modern rehabilitation concept were better. Patients with aphasia having similar good results but patients with diminished ability to cooperation having unfavourable prognosis of rehabilitation.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

[Neuropsychiatric disorders in newborn infants with very low birth weight (VLBW infants)--before and following introduction of modern perinatal medicine. 1. Overview of the problem, criteria for quality of survival, major CNS disorders (major handicap)].

The survival quality of very low birthweight infants (VLBW infants) is highly actual just even in the time of modern perinatal medicine. Through the development and permanent improvement of the perinatal intensive therapy the survival chances of VLBW infants could be improved significantly in the last 25 years. In the 70's survival rates of 60-84 per cent were achieved in VLBW infants, in the leading centers even rates of 86 and 90.5 percent, respectively. In the 70's an enormous improvement in the survival rates from 20-45 per cent was achieved in tiny premature infants (birth weight 1,000 gm and less), too. However, the efforts of gynecologists and neonatologists to reduce the mortality of low birth-weight infants are again and again blamed for possibly obtaining successes with an increase in CNS morbidity. The parallel analysis of some brain damage groups in VLBW infants seems suitable to gain a clear statement if modern perinatal medicine contributes to reduce the frequency of early infantile cerebral damages and their consecutive handicaps altogether. In an extensive review of literature it is tried to prove this for the major CNS handicaps altogether and separately for the infantile cerebral palsies, epilepsies and mental retardations (oligophrenias). Simultaneously with an average increase from 29.7 to 69.5 per cent of the healthy surviving children, there was a reduction of major CNS handicaps on the average from 36 to 12 per cent.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1989

[Modern principles of the treatment of testicular tumors].

The modern principles of treatment of patients with germinative tumors of the testis are discussed. Essential are precise morphologic diagnosis and exact determination of the stage of the disease. Preference is given to the so called surgical-pathological staging, because it furnishes major objective information. Of the noninvasive methods of examination major value have computer axial tomography, measurement of the serum alpha-fetoprotein, human choriongonadotropin and SB1 levels, lymphography and pulmonary tomography. The role of tumor markers as criteria for early diagnosis of relapses and objective assessment of the effect of treatment is emphasized. The place of chemotherapy depending on the histologic variant and the stage of the process is determined. The results of modern chemotherapeutic schemes, which have shown statistically greatest effectiveness are discussed. The place of supra- and infrahilar lymph dissection as method of diagnosis and treatment is arguable. Some records (randomized) for treatment of germinative tumors of the testis, which might serve as practical guidance are presented.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

[The works of I. P. Razenkov--sources of modern concepts of the nondigestive functions of the digestive glands].

An important part of I. P. Razenkov's works on physiology and pathology of digestion were devoted to excretory activity of the alimentary glands and the participation of the alimentary tract in metabolism. In this article, modern findings on the multifunctionality of the alimentary glands are reviewed as a development of those studies. It is pointed out that hormones are part of their secretions, while enzymes are increted by the alimentary glands. These findings, including those of ours, are discussed in the light of the excretory conception of the origin of secretion and the principle of plurality of modern functionalism (A. M. Ugolev). Several pathways and mechanisms of participation of the alimentary tract in systemic metabolism, including the role of its regulatory peptides and enzymes, are demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Dietary difference and microwear on the teeth of late stone age and early modern people from western Japan.

A small sample of human teeth from western Japan was examined under a scanning electron microscope. All were from sites of two different ages; a Late Stone Age site dating from approximately 4,000 B.P., and an Early Modern site dating from 150-200 B.P. SEM analyses reveal that the scratches on the teeth from the Late Stone Age site tend to be larger and more frequent than those on the teeth from the Early Modern site. These microwear difference may be related to dietary difference between two populations.

Cuspid↗
PubMed1988

A review of dental microwear and diet in modern mammals.

Recent work has shown that microscopic wear patterns on teeth may yield insights into variations in diet and tooth use in modern and prehistoric mammals. This paper presents a review of dental microwear and diet in modern mammals, plus a discussion of topics for further research. To date, incisor and molar microwear have been examined, although there are far fewer studies of the former. Facilitated by the use of high-resolution casts and scanning electron microscopy, analyses have ranged from: qualitative to quantitative, low magnification to high magnification, and experimental studies to comparative studies of museum collections. Results are encouraging and may lead to further insights into a variety of topics including food processing and dental microstructure.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Modern restorative dentistry: a new approach.

An analysis of the role of restorative dentistry within oral health care shows that it has broadened its scope over its long history. It started with the replacement of lost teeth and, later, lesions and structural defects of tooth tissue were treated. Progress has been achieved through the development of new materials and procedures, specifically those that ensure microscopic and/or chemical adhesion and those that allow for the removal of infection tissue and its restoration, while protecting the remaining healthy structure of the tooth. Teeth can also be protected even before the initiation of an infected lesion by sealing morphologic features such as pits and fissures. All of these procedures are components of modern restorative dentistry which now contributes to the disappearance of the totally edentulous patient. Dentistry has the responsibility of helping in the generation of sufficient social and economic resource to make this modern restorative dentistry available to the community as a whole.

Dental Bonding↗
PubMed1986

[Modern methods for the manufacture of therapeutic coagulation factors].

In a modern therapy concept coagulation factor concentrates are widely used for prophylaxis of bleeding events and in intensive care medicine. In the past their use was limited by the risk of transmitting virus diseases to the patient. Therefore, it was a challenge to modern plasma fractionation to develop purification processes which are able to eliminate and inactivate viruses. At present several methods for virus inactivation are used; their efficiency is not finally proven. Practical experience exists with a method in which viruses are inactivated by heat treatment in solution. A similar process is used since more than 40 years to produce albumin and was proven to be safe. Today, all coagulation factor preparations can be treated by this inactivation method and produced in large scale. Together with a high degree of viruses elimination during the purification process the therapy with coagulation factors has become much safer.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1987

[N. I. Vavilov's law of genetic homology in modern genetics].

The paper considers the place in modern genetics and the significance of the main N.I. Vavilov's generalization--his law of homologous series in variation. Recent analysis of amino acid sequences of gene products (proteins) and especially of nucleotide sequences of genes shows the high degree of molecular homology between genes of closely related species and the retention of the homology through the course of evolution. The study of homologous genes disposition in chromosomes shows conservation of the similar orders of genes in many organisms, especially in mammals. Thus, the law of genetic homology has been confirmed by modern genetic researchers. It is a foundation-stone of comparative genetics--new and rapid developing branch of genetics which involves studies on similarity and differences in heredity and variation in organisms of different taxa.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Designing a modern hospital pharmacy.

Cooperation between the pharmacy director and the hospital's architects in planning a modern hospital pharmacy is described. The pharmacy director at an 870-bed voluntary nonprofit institution and the hospital's architects planned the design for a new 3250-square foot pharmacy department. They developed a preliminary floor plan based on the following functions that the pharmacy would perform: centralized unit dose drug distribution; compounding; bulk and unit dose prepackaging; preparation of sterile products; controlled substance storage; outpatient and employee prescription dispensing; reserve stock storage; purchasing, receiving, and inventory control; drug information services; and administrative services. A final floor plan was designed that incorporated these functions with structural and utility requirements, such as placement of the computer system and dispensing and lighting fixtures. By integrating modern material management concepts with contemporary hospital pharmacy practice, the pharmacy director and the hospital's architects were able to plan and construct a pharmacy that receives, processes, and dispenses medication efficiently.

Computers↗
PubMed1987

Environmental tobacco smoke and indoor air quality in modern office work environments.

Recent attempts to clean the air in modern sealed office buildings appear to have focused on one component of indoor air quality, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Prohibiting smoking entirely or designating specific smoking areas has been suggested to improve comfort of office workers and reduce acute symptoms of so-called "building illness." The effectiveness of such methods, as well as the overall relation of ETS to indoor air quality, are here evaluated, based on reviews of a large number of studies of indoor air quality in modern office buildings under normal use and occupancy. Under these conditions, ETS does not appear to contribute significantly to a build-up of contaminants in offices. Also, in two large series of studies of buildings with health and comfort complaints in the US and Canada, ETS does not appear to be associated with cases of building illness.

Air↗
PubMed1986

[Pathological indicators in sows relevant to animal welfare in modern housing systems].

Methods and problems are discussed evaluating pathological indicators potentially related to animal welfare in modern husbandry systems of brood sows. A variety of interrelationships of diseases and genetic dispositions concerning the locomotive and cardiovascular system interferes with the required forensic evidence between individual sickness and housing and/or neglected care. There are no defined pathological processes indicating disproportionate husbandry as well as insufficient ability of physical exercise. Highly restricted possibilities to move caused by modern housing may result in pathologically manifest alterations. Technopathic diseases (induced by housing systems) may be prevented by enhanced care concerning the health control of animals and the functioning of the technical equipment as well as by appropriate prophylaxis. Farmers and veterinary surgeons should co-operate for the needs of animal welfare. One of the resulting conclusions is to plan for and to provide more labour for specific care necessary to maintain animal welfare. One should consider such management calculations with major precaution in which the size of working units relative to manpower gets increasingly maximized.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed1978

The origins of modern orthopaedics.

The modern cult of "selfwareness", today so fashionable among young people, calls on past experiences to interpret modern attitudes and reactions; and gives a new credibility to the old Latin dictum "Historia, magistra vitae". It involves all aspects of human enterprise, not least the professional aspect, which undoubtedly gains by taking account of the contributions of previous generations. Orthopaedic surgery is no exception, and those of us who would aspire to a fuller understanding of our specialty will find benefit in retracting its history over at least the last 250 years. In taking such a backward glance, the writer tried to seek out those events and those men whose contributions have stood the test of time and earned them the recognition and prestige in which they are still held today.

England↗
PubMed1985

[Changes in the physical environmental factors in modern buildings related to the use of polymeric construction materials].

The polymeric materials are used on a large scale in building and furnishing of modern edifices. However, in spite of the doubtless positive effect there are a number of important hygienic problems, related to the ability of these new materials, at unregulated and not controlled usage, to cause unfavourable changes in the parameters of the environment and through them to affect the health and spirits of the inhabitants. The basic hygienic problems in the application of polymeric building materials /PBM/ are derived from the elimination of harmful chemical substances from the latter. Besides of great importance are the changes in the physical parameters of the environment in the premises of the edifices, arising from the accumulation of static electricity on the surface of the PBM, the aggravated thermal technical characteristics of some materials, etc. The results of the hygiene investigations for thermal protective properties of different types of PBM, used as floor covering and their effect on the thermal metabolic processes and colds of the inhabitants are pointed out. The biological effect of static electricity and the dependence of the electrification of the materials on the composition and the physico-chemical nature of the materials and some microclimatic parameters and other exploitation conditions are clarified. Recommendations are given for the preliminary hygienic control of these materials, in order to avoid the aggravation of the parameters of the environment in the modern buildings.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1979

Modernizing an ambulatory care pharmacy in a large multi-clinic institution.

The steps involved in modernizing an outdated outpatient pharmacy, including the functional planning process, development of a work-flow pattern which makes the patient an integral part of the system, budget considerations and evaluation of the new pharmacy, are described. Objectives of the modernization were to: (1) provide a facility conductive to efficient and high quality services to the ambulatory patient; (2) provide an attractive and comfortable area for patients and staff; (3) provide a work flow which keeps the patient in the system and allows the pharmacist time for instruction and patient education; and (4) establish a patient medication record system. After one year of operation, average overall prescription volume increased by 50%, while average waiting time declined by 74%. Facility and procedural changes allowed the pharmacist to substantially increase patient counseling activity. The application of functional planning and facility design to the renovation and restructuring of an outpatient pharmacy allowed pharmacists to provide efficient, patient-oriented service.

Budgets↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Misadventures of modern psychotherapy (author's transl)].

Various forms of modern psychotherapy come from psychoanalysis because of its rational approach of psychological phenomenon and its manipulation for therapy. The problems of modern psychotherapy deal with the changes and problems of psychoanalysis. One can say that some evolution in the frame of psychoanalysis constitutes a regression if the rational is abandoned for a mystical perception of personality. Furthermore, the development of brief psychotherapy is due to social and economic pressure, but also to the acceleration of psychological time and the increase of avidity in the personality of people, and through the exacerbation of phallico-narcissistic traits of psychotherapists.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1977

[Partial pancreatectomy in modern surgical practice].

In modern surgery, the pancrectomy is an operation indicated in a wide number of cases. Indications for such a procedure that were once limited to malignant lesions of the papilla of vater and the head of the pancreas now include chronic pancreatitis, some benign lesions of the duodenopancreatic area, and serious cases of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Thanks to Modern surgical technique especially in anesthesia, reanimation, and postoperative care, the mortality rate in the partial pancrectomy is Recured to a rational number. Nonetheless, postoperative exiturs cannot be neglected. As a result it is necessary to consider strict indications for a pancrectomy. Only under such conditions can satisfactory therapeutic results be achieved.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Modern instrumental methods for identification of antibiotics.

Modern screening for antimicrobial agents and the characterization of their transformation products are not only extremely competitive but highly labor intensive activities. The use of specialized instrumental techniques for rapid identification of molecular species shows promise of becoming an essential part of this process. At the earliest stages, microseparation methods coupled with modern methods of ion production are particularly useful. Applications of various methods of chromatography, including high performance liquid chromatography, with various methods of ion production using mass spectrometers, particularly under computer control, are exceptionally powerful, though expensive, means of addressing this problem. Some present and potential uses of this technique are discussed along with a consideration of the strengths and weaknesses now apparent and a projection is made of the future of this method. A brief review of the use of a variety of physical methods of structural characterization for a variety of specialized purposes is also given along with a bibliography of recent applications to specific antibiotics. The scope and limitations of these methods is also treated.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗