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Results for “Medical Informatics Computing”

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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Computer-assisted quality assurance: development and performance of a respiratory care program.

The Departments of Respiratory Care and Medical Informatics at LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, developed a computer-assisted system (HELP) to monitor the quality assurance (QA) of respiratory care services. The system addresses the immediate needs of patients through a daily medical director's alert report, which allows the medical director to intervene in acute situations as they arise. The department's QA program monitors and evaluates clinical indicators of staff performance in terms of stated policies and procedures. The integrated data base allows functions to be performed without labor-intensive chart reviews.

Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over↗
PubMed2005

Architecture for knowledge-based and federated search of online clinical evidence.

BACKGROUND: It is increasingly difficult for clinicians to keep up-to-date with the rapidly growing biomedical literature. Online evidence retrieval methods are now seen as a core tool to support evidence-based health practice. However, standard search engine technology is not designed to manage the many different types of evidence sources that are available or to handle the very different information needs of various clinical groups, who often work in widely different settings. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this paper are (1) to describe the design considerations and system architecture of a wrapper-mediator approach to federate search system design, including the use of knowledge-based, meta-search filters, and (2) to analyze the implications of system design choices on performance measurements. METHODS: A trial was performed to evaluate the technical performance of a federated evidence retrieval system, which provided access to eight distinct online resources, including e-journals, PubMed, and electronic guidelines. The Quick Clinical system architecture utilized a universal query language to reformulate queries internally and utilized meta-search filters to optimize search strategies across resources. We recruited 227 family physicians from across Australia who used the system to retrieve evidence in a routine clinical setting over a 4-week period. The total search time for a query was recorded, along with the duration of individual queries sent to different online resources. RESULTS: Clinicians performed 1662 searches over the trial. The average search duration was 4.9 +/- 3.2 s (N = 1662 searches). Mean search duration to the individual sources was between 0.05 s and 4.55 s. Average system time (ie, system overhead) was 0.12 s. CONCLUSIONS: The relatively small system overhead compared to the average time it takes to perform a search for an individual source shows that the system achieves a good trade-off between performance and reliability. Furthermore, despite the additional effort required to incorporate the capabilities of each individual source (to improve the quality of search results), system maintenance requires only a small additional overhead.

Decision Making, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1998

An Internet-based ontology editor for medical appropriateness criteria.

Appropriateness criteria and practice guidelines seek to promote the cost-effectiveness use of medical interventions, and can be most useful when integrated with computer-based patient records and order-entry systems. Building an abstract model (ontology) of appropriateness criteria can require considerable effort among investigators at geographically dispersed institutions. To facilitate the construction and maintenance of ontologies for clinical appropriateness criteria, the author developed an Internet-based system for viewing and editing the knowledge model. The system, called NEON (Network-based Editor for ONtologies), uses the World Wide Web as a platform-independent user interface. NEON allows users to edit the indexing terms and the semantic network that form the ontology for a set of appropriateness criteria. Ontologies built using the system can be imported and exported using an open, internationally standardized format based on the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antecedents of the people and organizational aspects of medical informatics: review of the literature.

People and organizational issues are critical in both implementing medical informatics systems and in dealing with the altered organizations that new systems often create. The people and organizational issues area--like medical informatics itself--is a blend of many disciplines. The academic disciplines of psychology, sociology, social psychology, social anthropology, organizational behavior and organizational development, management, and cognitive sciences are rich with research with significant potential to ease the introduction and on-going use of information technology in today's complex health systems. These academic areas contribute research data and core information for better understanding of such issues as the importance of and processes for creating future direction; managing a complex change process; effective strategies for involving individuals and groups in the informatics effort; and effectively managing the altered organization. This article reviews the behavioral and business referent disciplines that can potentially contribute to improved implementations and on-going management of change in the medical informatics arena.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A first-level graduate studies experience in nursing informatics.

The authors describe a nursing informatics experience for first-level graduate students in nursing. Three content areas were included in the course: 1) achieving mastery of basic computer competencies; 2) evaluating emerging patterns and trends in electronic information processing; and 3) establishing electronic connection.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed2006

Biomedical informatics applications for asthma care: a systematic review.

Asthma is a common condition associated with significant patient morbidity and health care costs. Although widely accepted evidence-based guidelines for asthma management exist, unnecessary variation in patient care remains. Application of biomedical informatics techniques is one potential way to improve care for asthmatic patients. We performed a systematic literature review to identify computerized applications for clinical asthma care. Studies were evaluated for their clinical domain, developmental stage and study design. Additionally, prospective trials were identified and analyzed for potential study biases, study effects, and clinical study characteristics. Sixty-four papers were selected for review. Publications described asthma detection or diagnosis (18 papers), asthma monitoring or prevention (13 papers), patient education (13 papers), and asthma guidelines or therapy (20 papers). The majority of publications described projects in early stages of development or with non-prospective study designs. Twenty-one prospective trials were identified, which evaluated both clinical and non-clinical impacts on patient care. Most studies took place in the outpatient clinic environment, with minimal study of the emergency department or inpatient settings. Few studies demonstrated evidence of computerized applications improving clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to prospectively evaluate the impact of using biomedical informatics to improve care of asthmatic patients.

Asthma↗
PubMed1993

A review of Iliad and Quick Medical Reference for primary care providers. Two diagnostic computer programs.

Two diagnostic computer programs, Iliad (Applied Informatics Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah) and Quick Medical Reference (Camdat Corp, Pittsburgh, Pa), are commercially available. Both describe a large subset of internal medicine diseases. These programs, also called knowledge bases, have different structures and diagnostic methods and emphasize somewhat different experimental observations regarding problem solving and expert diagnostic behavior. Quick Medical Reference has more diverse reference features and emphasizes diagnostic competitors (diseases that explain similar features in a case). Iliad has better developed teaching features and emphasizes a probabilistic approach. The histories and methods of these programs place various constraints on their diagnostic capabilities, especially from a primary care perspective. Although neither program is currently likely to fill the role of an expert diagnostic consultant for a family practitioner, both have potential as unique reference and teaching tools in primary care.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Transformation of health care through innovative use of information technology: challenges for health and medical informatics education.

Information storage and processing continues to become increasingly important for health care, and offers enormous potential to be realised in the delivery of health care. Therefore, it is imperative that all health care professionals should learn skills and gain knowledge in the field of health informatics, or medical informatics, respectively. Working Group 1, Health and Medical Informatics Education, of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA WG1) seeks to advance the knowledge of how these skills are taught in courses for the various health care professions around the world, and includes physicians, nurses, administrators, and specialists in medical informatics. IMIA WG1 held its 6th International Conference on Health and Medical Education in Newcastle, Australia, in August 1997. The theme of the conference was 'Transformation of Healthcare through Innovative Use of Information Technology'. This special issue of the International Journal of Medical Informatics on Health and Medical Informatics Education contains selected papers presented at the conference. In addition to the central topic, Educating Health Care Professionals in Medical Informatics the topics telematics, distance education and computer based training were also discussed at the conference.

Health Occupations↗
PubMed1992

Computers in healthcare: overview and bibliography.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to provide an overview of computer technology and an associated bibliography, emphasizing institutional-based healthcare applications and pharmacoinformatics. DATA SOURCES: References were selected from the authors' files and from a computerized search over the last five years on computers in healthcare/medical informatics and in pharmacy. STUDY SELECTION: Articles selected for review and discussion were considered to be important contributions to the respective areas listed in the bibliography and representative of advancements in computer applications in healthcare and pharmacy. DATA SYNTHESIS: The computer has become an important support tool for healthcare professionals. Medical informatics and the discipline related to pharmacy, called pharmacoinformatics, have evolved from the cognitive underpinnings of medicine, pharmacy, and computer science. Recent developments in computer technology have resulted in computers that are fast, increasingly portable, and user friendly. Hospital information systems employ computers in various ways to deal with the vast amount of information used by various departments. Standards for electronic data exchange are being developed to increase the integration potential of these systems. Hospital pharmacists have used computers for drug distribution, financial analysis and inventory control, drug interaction detection, pharmacokinetic dosing, drug information, and drug therapy monitoring. Expert systems are being developed in several areas of drug therapy. Pharmacy educators have developed interactive courseware to help students learn problem-solving skills in the areas of calculations, therapeutics, and drug information. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists need to become more involved with applications of technology to pharmacy. Properly implemented, computers can provide more time for pharmacists to use their cognitive skills in the delivery of pharmaceutical care.

Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems↗
PubMed1997

A look at nursing informatics.

This is a companion article to the article on Medical Informatics. It focuses on the new nursing specialty-Nursing Informatics. This article provides an overview, scope, definitions, data standards, goals, and research initiatives designed to advance the status Nursing Informatics. Seven research priorities have been proposed which not only provides the direction for Nursing Informatics research, but also the focus for computer-based nursing information systems.

Decision Making, Computer-Assisted↗