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Results for “Mandatory Testing”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Congenital hypothyroidism and the second newborn metabolic screening in Colorado, USA.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a second newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH). METHODS: All infants born in Colorado, USA, from July 1996 through June 2004 had a total thyroxine measured with secondary thyroid stimulating hormone determination. RESULTS: The number of first and second newborn screens completed was 494,324 and 471,877, respectively. The first screen identified 185 cases of CH (incidence of 1:2,703). The second screen identified an additional 42 cases. Overall, the incidence based on both the first and second screenings was 1:2,174. The false negative rate for the first screen was 15.6%. In the absence of a second screen, one infant with CH out of every 11,111 babies screened would have been missed. The addition of the second screen increased the cost-per-case identified from dollars 6,108 to dollars 9,730. CONCLUSIONS: With only one newborn screen for CH, the number of missed cases is significant and higher than previously reported.

Colorado↗
PubMed2000

HIV screening.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Female↗
PubMed2002

Newborn screening program practices in the United States: notification, research, and consent.

OBJECTIVE: To define current practice among US newborn screening programs for notification of results, research, and consenting procedures. METHODS: A telephone survey of all US newborn screening program supervisors. RESULTS: All 51 programs participated. All states reported abnormal results to the infant's physician, and some also reported to the hospital and parents. Cases with abnormal results were tracked to different endpoints but usually (92.1%) at least until a follow-up appointment was made. A total of 66.6% of programs can communicate with programs in other states; 9.8% enable families to suppress reporting of results to the infant's physician. No state has a mechanism for parents to prevent results from entering the medical record. Parents or physicians who request results are often authenticated by providing their name (52.9%). Many programs (45.1%) report only to physicians and require just their name (43.5%), an identification number (17.4%), a letter (26.1%), or a parent's signature (26.1%). A total of 70.6% retain residual blood samples; of these, only 8.3% store them completely devoid of patient identifiers. A total of 49.0% of programs aggregate data for research. In 16.0% of these, the data are publicly available. In 24.0%, researchers obtain approval at their own institution; in 24.0%, researchers obtain approval through the state laboratory Institutional Review Board. In 74.5% of programs, parents are notified but not asked for consent before collection of the sample; 19.6% neither notify parents nor obtain consent before screening. CONCLUSIONS: There is wide variation in practice among the US newborn screening programs. Because the programs collectively manage a comprehensive nationwide genomic databank, careful consideration of how information technology and high-throughput genomic analysis are used will be essential to allow progress in clinical care, public health, and research while protecting individual privacy.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1993

The dual epidemics of tuberculosis and AIDS: ethical and policy issues in screening and treatment.

As the recent increase in cases of tuberculosis is addressed, there is a danger that the need for increased protection of the public health will create a climate in which the rights of individuals with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may be disregarded. This paper considers ethical and policy issues in the control of tuberculosis. The authors conclude that mandatory HIV testing is not critical to effective tuberculosis control, and that although individuals infected with HIV are at increased risk for developing tuberculosis, exclusionary employment practices are not justified. Because failure to complete the course of tuberculosis treatment increases the prospect that drug-resistant strains will develop, it is crucial to require all those who commence treatment to complete their therapy. To ensure the completion of treatment, special attention must be paid to the needs of the homeless, drug users, and those with psychiatric impairments. In addition, all tuberculosis patients should begin their posthospital care under direct observation. Patients who fail to complete treatment despite efforts to encourage and facilitate their cooperation should be subject to confinement after a hearing with full due process protections.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed2003

Male prisoners and HIV prevention: a call for action ignored.

US prison inmates are disproportionately indigent young men of color. These individuals are severely affected by HIV/AIDS, largely owing to the high-risk behavior that they engage in prior to incarceration. Researchers and practitioners have issued a call for the importance of offering HIV prevention services in prison settings. However, this call has largely been ignored. In this article, we outline reasons why these recommendations have been largely ignored, discuss innovative HIV prevention programs that are currently being implemented in prison settings, and offer recommendations for securing support for HIV prevention services in correctional settings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative study of home blood glucose monitoring devices: Visidex, Chemstrip bG, Glucometer, and Accu-Chek bG.

Visidex (Ames Company, Elkhart, Indiana) and Accu-Chek bG (Bio-Dynamics, Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, Indiana), two new devices for determining blood glucose at home, were compared with two older devices, Chemstrip bG (Bio-Dynamics) and Glucometer (Ames Company), and the standard laboratory glucose-oxidase method (Beckman autoanalyzer, Beckman Instruments, Fullerton, California). Laboratory serum glucose values up to 400 mg/dl had excellent overall correlation with Accu-Chek bG (r = 0.974), Glucometer (r = 0.974), Chemstrip bG (r = 0.963), and Visidex (r = 0.955). For glucose values less than or equal to 180 mg/dl, Glucometer had the best correlation (r = 0.921). For glucose values of 181-400 mg/dl, Accu-Chek bG had better correlation (r = 0.907) although Glucometer had closer mean value. Visidex was just as accurate as Chemstrip bG. Although the four devices tested tended to give lower values than the lab method, they are sufficiently accurate to be of clinical use in home monitoring of blood glucose. Meticulous care in running the tests is mandatory for accuracy. Individual differences among the four methods are discussed.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of HIV/AIDS transmission in health care.

The risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection following occupational exposure to HIV-infected blood is low (DoH 2000). This raises issues of how best to balance the competing demands of maximising patient safety and health, protecting nurses' health, safety and employment rights, and preventing unnecessary alarm in the general population. This article examines different aspects of dealing with the prevention and management of potential HIV/AIDS transmission in the healthcare setting.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Consent evades consensus.

A problem area certain to become a tough nut to crack in years to come is the extension of patient rights and autonomy to a more stringent level within the informed consent process in situations covering education, research, and epidemiology. Recent events and reports indicate at least an acknowledgment of some specific issues that need attention, as the following articles show.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

HIV and AIDS--employers grapple with difficult issues.

HIV infection and AIDS pose special challenges to employers. Myriad laws affect how the employer must respond when an applicant or employee is infected with HIV or is ill due to AIDS. An overall compliance strategy should include thorough knowledge of those laws and a policy on HIV and AIDS, put in place before a crisis occurs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1999

Ethics on the job: a survey. The realities of HIV/AIDS.

HIV/AIDS has had a profound impact on how care is provided to patients--raising both practice and ethical concerns. In this final installment in our series, we'll see how nurses are coping with these dilemmas, and how they feel about issues like mandatory HIV testing and practice restrictions on infected providers.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1999

[Radiologic anomalies of pseudohypoparathyroidism: diagnostic importance].

Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a congenital metabolic disorder which is often revealed by growth retardation. The diagnosis may be suggested by plain radiological findings such as short metacarpals, mainly the fourth, epiphyseal anomalies or subcutaneous calcifications. The following biological tests are mandatory to confirm this diagnosis: CaP workup and plasma level of PTH; urine cAMP measurement after PTH challenge; Evaluation of protein Gs activity In this study of 20 cases displays will be reviewed the different radiological findings seen in patients with PsHP and the relative value discussed, such as narrowing of the spinal canal and presence of bony findings of hyperparathyroidism.

Adolescent↗