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PubMed2000

Identification of mouth part antigens of Fasciola gigantica and Toxocara vitulorum and its molecular targets recognized by homologous and heterologous adult anti-sera against adult.

Sodium dodecyl sulphate poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) fractionation of whole-worm and mouth part antigens of F. gigantica and T. vitulorum showed obvious qualitative and quantitative differences. Three different anti-sera, raised in rabbits against adult extracts of F. gigantica, T. vitulorum and Monieza expansa, were utilized in immunoblotting for identification of mouth part antigens that cross-react with adult worm of the same species or of different species. 7 and 8 poly peptides were recognized in F. gigantica and T. vitulorum mouth parts respectively by their homologous rabbits anti-adult anti-sera. The cross reactive antigens in F. gigantica which recognized by T. vitulorum anti-sera was 234 KD, while two components of M.wt. 113 and 93 KD were detected by M. expansa serum in the same extract. Furthermore, T. vitulorum antigens which cross-reacted with F. gigantica anti-serum 150 and 65 KD and with M. expansa were 65 and 49 KD.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Assessment of the development of hand and mouth coordination when taking food into the oral cavity.

The purpose of this study was to establish an assessment method for evaluation of hand and mouth coordination during self-feeding. The subjects were four normally developed infants. Their feeding behavior was videotaped at two or four week intervals (from age eight months to thirty-six months). The items analyzed were nine viewpoints for finger feeding and eight viewpoints for spoon-feeding. The results obtained included: finger feeding--development of cylinder and pinch grasp, two patterns of hand in relation to neck and trunk, placement of food into the mouth, developmental aspects of neck rotation when taking food with the lips; spoon feeding--holding technique, flexion of elbow and shoulder, taking food from the spoon bowl by the lips, patterns of neck rotation. From the results of these observations, we conclude that the items analyzed in this study can be useful for the assessment of the developmental process of hand and mouth coordination in self-feeding.

Child Development↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Involvement of the submadibular region in epidermoid carcinoma of the mouth floor. Prospective study of 31 cases].

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the primary or secondary involvement of the submandibular gland in floor of mouth squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: An analytic-observational study of prospective type was carried out on 31 patients operated for floor of mouth carcinoma, between June 1993 and January 1996, in a reference hospital for a population of 1,100,000 inhabitants. The investigated variables were: age, sex, tumor localization, clinical TNM, type of cervical surgery, evolution, number of positive cervical metastasis, state of the submandibular gland and presence of the periglandular metastasis. The follow-up period was about 48 to 76 months. The exact Fischer test was used for the statistical study. RESULTS: Histopathological examination identified cervical metastasis as 34.1% of the ipsilateral neck dissections. The average number of positive nodes was 3 (range: 1-9). Cervical periglandular metastases were found in 31.7% of neck dissections, but in no case was microscopic affectation of the submandibular gland found. The existence of intraglandular positive nodes was not found either. In our study, the sensibility and specificity of the clinical exploration of the submandibular region were high (84% and 88% respectively). The presence of cervical metastasis and the size of the tumor conditioned the appearance of recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: In accordance with our study, periglandular metastases in carcinoma of the floor of mouth, are frequent, but submandibular gland involvement is unusual.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Burning mouth syndrome].

Symptoms of a burning sensation of the oral mucosa mainly occur in the elderly, more often in women than in men. Often accompanying symptoms are complaints of a dry mouth and taste disturbances, all together referred to as the burning mouth syndrome. In the majority of cases there is no detectable cause. Although a psychogenic aetiology has often been put forward, no scientific evidence has ever been provided on this matter. In the majority of patients the burning mouth syndrome will disappear spontaneously, although this may take many years.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Effective mouth care for seriously ill patients.

Mouth care is often given low priority by nurses, and carried out by junior or unqualified staff. Proper assessment of the oral cavity is vital; a well-planned, multidisciplinary, regularly evaluated approach to mouth care is essential. Nurses must be familiar with the most and least effective oral-care products, to ensure they deliver high-quality, evidence-based mouth care. Greater liaison with dental staff may help in achieving this.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2002

[Orotracheal intubation using a Styletscope in a patient with restricted opening of the mouth].

We used a Styletscope (FSS) for endotracheal intubation in a 61-year-old man with restricted mouth opening. The degree of mouth opening was only 1.5 cm. The FSS was passed through an oral RAE endotracheal tube and used as a guide for insertion of the tube. After induction of anesthesia using propofol and vecuronium, orotracheal intubation was accomplished promptly and smoothly using this scope. The Styletscope is a useful device for orotracheal intubation in patients with restricted mouth opening.

Facial Pain↗
PubMed2001

[Clinical efficacy of burning mouth syndrome treated by livial].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of livial on postmenopause women with burning mouth syndrome. METHODS: Fifty six postmenopause women with burning mouth syndrome were randomly divided into two groups, 26 patients were treated with livial as the treatment group, 30 patients were treated with oryzanol and vitamin E as the control. To evaluate the effect, all the patients were observed in 3-6 months after therapy. RESULTS: The result showed that the total effective rate of the treatment group was 84.62% after 3 months, 88.46% after 6 months, and significantly higher than that in the control(P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: It is indicated that livial is safer and more effective than nylestriol in treatment with burning mouth syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The relationship between the soft tissues and the skeletal detail of the mouth.

The estimation of mouth width and lip thickness from the skull for facial reconstruction has traditionally relied upon scant scientific research and "rules of thumb" laid down by subjective interpretation and experience. This study tested these assumptions by taking caliper and photographic measurements of mouth width and interpupillary and interlimbus distances of 96 subjects and lip thickness and teeth height measurements of 95 subjects. The most reliable indicator of mouth width was found to be the interlimbus distance, and lip thickness was positively related to the height of the teeth. There were no differences in these relationships between men and women. Standards for predicting the lip thickness from the teeth height were suggested for White Europeans and Asians from the Indian subcontinent.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A case of progressive supranuclear palsy presenting mouth opening difficulty with tonic contraction of the orbicularis oris muscle].

A 72-year-old man developed supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, bradykinesia, rigidity, unsteady gait, dementia, dysphagia, retrocollis, grasp reflex and apraxia of eyelid opening. These findings were compatible with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). At the age of 66, he presented a peculiar phenomenon characterized by simultaneous tonic contraction of the orbicularis oris muscle (OOM) and the palatal muscles elicited by pronouncing "pa", which resulted in difficulty of voluntary opening of the mouth and the rhinopharynx. Therefore, the respiration air reciprocated between the lung and the closed mouth. The expiratory pressure puffed out the cheeks, while the lips remained tightly closed. While the respiratory movements and the pressure increased by degree, the OOM contracted more strongly in proportion to the pressure. Sixty to ninety seconds after the elicitation, the pressure overcame the contraction of the OOM and the course of the phenomenon was completed. The electromyograms showed that the OOM activity was prolonged after initial voluntary contraction, remaining thus after a tracheostomy for pneumonia at the age of 72, and that it increased in response to the pressure. Apraxia of eyelid opening, one of the other symptoms, resembled this phenomenon in terms of the aspect of difficulty of voluntary mouth opening. The "holding" phase of grasp reflex, yet another symptom, resembled it in the recruitment of the OOM activity. The phenomenon is not common in patients with PSP. However, we concluded that it may be included among the symptoms of PSP because it has similar characteristics to apraxia of eyelid opening and grasp reflex, which are not uncommon in patients with PSP.

Aged↗
PubMed1961

Studies on the virus content of mouth washings in the acute phase of smallpox.

Epidemiological observations suggest that smallpox is not highly infectious in the febrile pre-eruptive period of illness. As virus is first discharged by most patients from lesions in the mouth or upper respiratory passages, mouth washings or garglings from smallpox patients in the acute stage of the disease were examined for virus. Only five specimens were obtained in the first two days of illness but no virus was recovered from them. Virus was most frequently found in specimens collected from the sixth to the ninth day of illness inclusive-a period when lesions in the mouth were breaking down and discharging virus. The results are in conformity with the view that the smallpox patient is most infective in the first few days of the eruptive phase of his illness.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Hand, foot and mouth disease in Singapore: a comparison of fatal and non-fatal cases.

AIM: An epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) occurred in Singapore between September and November 2000. During the epidemic, there were four HFMD-related deaths and after the epidemic, another three HFMD-related deaths. This study sought to determine the risk factors predictive of death from HFMD disease. METHODS: The risk factors for fatal HFMD were determined by comparing clinical and laboratory findings between fatal cases (n = 7) and non-fatal controls (n = 131) admitted between September 2000 and April 2001. Enterovirus 71 positive fatal cases (n = 4) and non-fatal controls (n = 63) were also compared. RESULTS: In total, 138 HFMD cases with a mean age of 32 mo were studied. The majority of fatal cases died from interstitial pneumonitis, of whom three also had brainstem encephalitis. Of the 131 non-fatal cases, 3 had concomitant infections (respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis, right-sided pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis), 2 had aseptic meningitis, and 1 each had transient drowsiness, intravenous immunoglobulin-related complications and transverse myelitis. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, atypical physical findings (p = 0.0006), raised total white cell count (p = 0.0128), vomiting (p = 0.0116) and absence of mouth ulcers (p = 0.043) were predictive of a fatal course. Although previous epidemics have described neurogenic pulmonary oedema as the main cause of death, the fatal cases in this study died mainly from interstitial pneumonitis alone or with myocarditis or encephalitis. CONCLUSION: Although HFMD is generally a benign disease, risk factors such as vomiting, absence of mouth ulcers, atypical presentation and raised total white cell count should alert the physician of a fatal course of illness.

Child↗
PubMed2003

[Clinical analysis of the patients with burning mouth syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: Clinical data of burning mouth syndrome were investigated in detail and the relation to pain was analyzed in order to find a clue to clinical treatment. METHODS: 78 patients with burning mouth syndrome were examined carefully and 7 factors that related to the degree of pain were analyzed with multivariate stepwise regression. RESULTS: The study demonstrated that the psychological disorder, autonomic nerves system abnormity, oral dryness and high-extravasated blood level were positively related to the degree of pain. CONCLUSION: The study suggested that psychotherapy, improvement of autonomic nerves system, treatment for oral dryness and Chinese traditional therapy of invigoration of blood circulation were of great importance in curing burning mouth syndrome.

Burning Mouth Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Clinical evaluation of the nasal dilator Nozovent. The effect on snoring and dryness of the mouth.

When the lateral walls of the nostrils are dilated with Nozovent, inhalation requires less force, thus reducing the risk of vibrations of the soft palate creating the snoring sound. There is also less need for mouth-breathing. When 17 patients were tested during 10 nights, every second night using Nozovent, the sleeping partners noted significantly less snoring these nights than during the nights without Nozovent. The patients themselves also noted significantly less dryness of the mouth when they dilated the nostrils with Nozovent, being able to avoid mouth-breathing.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The effect of dentures and denture adhesives on mouth alcohol retention.

A total of 24 alcohol-free, denture-wearing subjects were tested for mouth-alcohol retention times with an Intoxilyzer 5000. The subjects were given 30 mL doses of 80 proof brandy to swish in their mouths without swallowing for 2 min prior to expectorating the dose. Subjects were tested under three conditions: 1) with dentures removed, 2) with dentures held loosely in place without an adhesive, and 3) with dentures plus an adhesive. Beyond 20 min following expectoration, mouth alcohol made no significant contribution to the apparent breath alcohol concentration (BrAC), with trace (less than or equal to 0.01 g/210 L) readings found in only two of the subjects. Denture use, both with and without the concurrent use of adhesives does not significantly affect BrAC as long as a pretest alcohol deprivation period of 20 min is observed.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2004

[Combating foot and mouth disease in Brazil: private sector participation].

The fact that cattle herds in Brazil are in such good health and that the meat on the domestic and international markets is safe and of high quality is largely due to the campaign to combat foot and mouth disease and to the improvements that this campaign has made in the organisation of the Brazilian bovine production industry. Launched in 1965, the campaign set itself ambitious objectives, but thanks to the direct participation of producer organisations it received the necessary support and funding. The results are reflected in the growing number of states--fifteen to date--that are internationally recognised as free from foot and mouth disease with vaccination. Thanks to the active participation of producers and of the entire production chain in foot and mouth disease eradication efforts, Brazil has risen to become a leading player in the international beef trade.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Burning-mouth syndrome: consideration of maintenance factors].

Burning-mouth syndrome is characterised by a number of complaints of which the burning sensation in the mouth is the most important but cannot be explained by known medical causes. Although psychological factors can predispose for or trigger physical symptoms without a medical explanation, treatment directed at the proposed psychological causes has not proven to be very effective and is not acceptable for most patients. Treatment directed at reducing the consequences of the complaint that could play a role in maintaining the problem is, however, effective and is accepted by almost all patients. Consequences that could maintain the burning-mouth syndrome are anxiety, depression, selective attention, and measures taken to find relief but which can irritate the oral mucosa. The treating physician should inform the patient and help him to change his behaviour. If patients have become depressed or very anxious as a consequence of the complaints they should be referred to a cognitive-behaviour therapist specialised in the treatment of patients with physical symptoms without a medical explanation.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed2005

Development of a new mouth opening force test using an indirect cervical traction device.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There have been few reports of objective jaw opening tests, and such studies have involved devices specifically designed for research. In the present study, in order to conveniently and objectively assess mouth opening movements, we replaced the manual resistance used in Daniels and Worthingham's muscle test (DMT) with an indirect cervical traction device. We examined whether the maximum mouth opening force (MOF) could be reliably quantified using this device. METHODS: The subjects were 12 healthy individuals with a mean age of 28.8 years. The MOF measurement procedure was as follows: 1) the subject sat in the chair, and a head belt was placed under the chin so that a traction force was applied almost parallel to the body axis; 2) the researcher instructed the subject to maintain the maximum mouth opening; 3) as maximum resistance was approached, the rate of increase in the traction force decreased. Maximum opening force was recorded; 4) one measurement was taken per session, for a total of two measurements per subject. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to assess the reproducibility of MOF values. RESULTS: The average MOF (mean +/- SD) in the first and second tests was 24.2 +/- 1.9 and 24.5 +/- 2.0 kg. There was an extremely high correlation between first and second measurements (r = 0.969). CONCLUSIONS: The presently described indirect cervical traction device can be used to reliably quantify MOF.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Expression of recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1/P12X3C with multi-genes of foot-and-mouth disease virus in BHK-21 cells].

In order to obtain the gene P12X3C of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) that includes full length P1, 2A, 3C and a part of 2B, the site mutation strategy was used. After being digested by Kpn I and Xba I respectively, the gene P12X3C was cloned into the pcDNA3.1 (+) expression vector. The recombinant plasmid was checked by restriction enzyme analysis and nucleic acid sequencing, and then named pcDNA3.1/P12X3C. Further, BHK-21 cells was transfected with pcDNA3.1/P12X3C by using lipoid. The proteins of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus, which were expressed in BHK-21 cells, were confirmed by sandwich-ELISA and fluoroscopy. The result shows the gene P12X3C is cloned into eukaryotic expression plasmid, and the recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1/P12X3C could express proteins of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in BHK-21 cells, which have immunocompetence. This study demonstrates that delivery of a recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid containing P12X3C coding regions results in the assembly of FMDV capsid structures, which will offer experimental base to DNA vaccine of FMDV.

Animals↗