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PubMed1981

Factor structure of the Faschingbauer Abbreviated MMPI (FAM) in a psychiatric population.

Factor analysis of the Faschingbauer Abbreviated MMPI (FAM) identified factors of Absence of Distress, Depression, Low Morale, Feminine Interests, Somatization, and Extroversion. These results are consistent with previous MMPI factoranalytic studies, with the first factor being a reflected factor of major psychopathological disturbance. This reflected factor is explained as a function of the elimination of clinically invalid profiles from the analysis. Implications concerning standard profile selection procedures are discussed in light of these results.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

MMPI characteristics of the DSM-III borderline personality disorder.

This study explored the characteristics of the Borderline Personality Disorder classification, specified in DSM-III. MMPI profiles of 29 male veteran inpatients with a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder were compared with the profiles of 26 similar inpatients with diagnoses of other personality disorders. The borderline group had higher elevations (p less than .05) on six of the 13 standard MMPI scales. Analyses showed the borderline profiles to be of a significantly higher elevation but no different in either profile shape or dispersion. A discriminant analysis accounted for 43.7% of the variance and correctly classified 78.2% of the patients. Results are discussed in terms of possible explanations for the high F scores of the borderline group. Implications regarding characteristics of the Borderline Personality Disorder are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prediction of Wiggins content scale scores from 168- and 399-item abbreviations of the MMPI.

Multiple regression equations for estimating Wiggins content scores from 399- and 168-item abbreviations of Form R of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were derived for 100 patients and cross-validated in a separate sample of 50 patients. Across samples, Rs between 399-item short form scales and corresponding full scales were very high (median = .98 for the total sample), and the equations predicted accurately in cross-validation. Rs in estimating from 168 items were lower (median = .91 for the total sample), but the equations estimated mean content scores well in cross-validation. These results were viewed as indicating that there may be little loss in estimating from 399 items but that error in prediction may be unacceptably high for some of the 168-item short form scales. The correspondence of Wiggins scales and standard MMPI scales was also studied through regression analyses, and it was concluded that, although there is considerably overlap in the two sets of scales, inferences as to self-report content from the standard scales are not always simple or especially accurate.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A comparison of MMPI profiles for state and private disability insurance applicants.

The use of the MMPI in predicting successful rehabilitation outcomes has met with limited success. Because the motives of a disability insurance applicant may differ greatly from a disability insurance recipient, disability applicants were investigated. The MMPI scores of state disability applicants and private industrial insurance applicants were compared to a control group. Positive outcomes of test taking was possible for all three groups. Significant group differences were found for scales F, Hs, D, Hy, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc, and Ma. Significant sex differences were found for scales Hs, D, Hy, Mf, Pt, and Sc.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

MMPI differences among mild and severe insomniacs and good sleepers.

Past research has attempted to delineate personality differences between insomniacs and good sleepers but has failed to control for type of insomnia or severity of the disorder. The purpose of this study was to compare MMPI scores of mild and severe sleep onset insomniacs with a control group of noninsomniacs . Results demonstrated that sleep onset insomniacs, regardless of degree of severity, differed significantly from noninsomniacs ; and that mild and severe insomniacs differed from each other on only one MMPI scale.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Aggressive response sets and subtle-obvious MMPI scale distinctions in male offenders.

The effects of aggressive and nonaggressive response sets on the MMPI subtle and obvious clinical subscales were investigated. Fifty-eight male prison inmates answered the MMPI as if they were either highly aggressive or highly nonaggressive. The clinical scales with sufficient items in each category were scored for subtle, neutral, and obvious subscales. Inmates successfully feigned aggressiveness on several of the obvious subscales (p = .0056) and one neutral scale; the subtle subscales were not significantly different across groups, consistent with previous research on this population in terms of the resistance of subtle items to these response sets.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A comparison of clinical accuracy ratings of interpretive approaches for adolescent MMPI responses.

This study examined profile characteristics and clinical accuracy ratings of three interpretive approaches commonly employed with adolescent MMPI responses. Subjects were 26 male (average age = 14.3 years) and 34 female (average age = 15.2 years) inpatient adolescents. Each MMPI protocol generated three multiple paragraph narratives based upon: adult norms using adult descriptors (adult interpretive approach); adolescent norms and adolescent descriptors (adolescent interpretive approach); and adolescent norms and adult descriptors (mixed interpretive approach). Narratives were rated for accuracy by the patients' individual therapists following a minimum of five psychotherapy sessions. While the adolescent interpretive approach was rated significantly less accurate than either the adult or mixed interpretive approaches, all three interpretive approaches were judged to be of limited clinical accuracy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Scale 4 (Pd) of the MMPI and the diagnosis antisocial personality.

The MMPI and a structured diagnostic interview were administered to 225 military offenders in an attempt to determine the relationship between Scale 4 (Pd) of the MMPI and a behavioral diagnosis of Antisocial Personality (AS). Individuals satisfying criteria for a diagnosis of AS were found to score significantly higher than inmates not satisfying these criteria on Scale 4, regardless of whether K- or non-K-corrected T scores were used. Several potential moderating variables were crossed with the AS measure but only confining offense (person crime vs nonperson crime) evidenced a statistically significant interaction with AS.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The prediction of drug use among college students from MMPI, MCMI, and sensation seeking scales.

This study examines the ability of five self-report assessment measures to predict college students' drug use across 12 pharmacological drug categories. Subjects were 125 female and 61 male university undergraduate students. The test battery included the following instruments: the Psychopathic Deviancy (Pd) scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI); the MacAndrew Alcoholism scale (MAC), a special scale of the MMPI; the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS); the Millon Alcohol Abuse Scale; and the Millon Drug Abuse Scale. Scores from these instruments were utilized in linear combinations to predict individual drug use outcomes as well as polydrug versus single drug use patterns. The drug categories included in this investigation are coffee, tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, tranquilizers, depressants, amphetamines, LSD, other hallucinogens, solvents, narcotics, and cocaine. Results demonstrate significant and meaningful relationships between predictors and drug use levels among college students. Weighted equations derived from linear discriminant function analyses were generally capable of accurately classifying subject's drug use levels across drug categories and in discriminating single drug use from polydrug use patterns. Typically, the Sensation Seeking Scale entered as the most powerful predictor of substance use and abuse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Correspondence between MMPI PTSD measures and clinical diagnosis.

Correspondence of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) subscale and the clinical scale decision rules reported by Keane, Malloy, and Fairbank (1984) with clinical diagnoses of PTSD was measured on a sample of 595 veterans. The measures demonstrated good sensitivity and selectivity, but the false-positive rate was high. It is suggested the MMPI measures be used to rule out, but not to establish, the diagnosis of PTSD. The construct validity of the PTSD subscale was supported by the finding of a higher mean score in combat than noncombat veterans.

Combat Disorders↗
PubMed1987

Invariance in the MMPI's component structure.

Bernstein and Garbin (1985b) suggested that the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory's major clinical scales (excluding Scales ? and 5) can be approximated by an oblique three-component structure: (a) Profile Elevation, (b) Test-taking Attitudes, and (c) Optimism-Pessimism, collectively termed the salient weight model. In this study, we found that both this model and the MMPI's principal component structure remain invariant across race, sex, and, as previously noted, context of testing (job applicants vs. inmates in correctional institutions). We further noted that several alternative definitions of Profile Elevation provide equally satisfactory representation of the relations among the scales. This factor invariance is necessary, but not sufficient, for the MMPI to be viewed as unbiased.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Clinical utility of the MMPI in the evaluation of adolescent suicide attempters.

MMPI profiles of female adolescents hospitalized on a general pediatrics floor following a suicide attempt were compared to a control group of medically hospitalized, female adolescents referred for psychiatric evaluation. The suicide attempters had only a lower score on the K scale when compared to the control group. Results do not suggest that a single MMPI profile differentiates suicide attempters from a comparison group of adolescents with emotional difficulties. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The construct validity of the MMPI alexithymia scale with psychiatric inpatients.

Relatively few studies have addressed the issue of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) alexithymia scale's construct validity. In this study, the validity of the scale is supported by the finding of a significantly lower percentage of alexithymic individuals in a large sample of psychiatric inpatients than in samples of patients with a variety of physical disorders (i.e., migraine headaches, asthma bronchitis/emphysema, and hypertension). Validity of the scale is further supported through a comparison of the alexithymic and nonalexithymic psychiatric inpatients on a series of Rorschach and MMPI variables. As predicted, alexithymics were less verbally productive, displayed less ability to fantasize, and demonstrated greater defensive pseudonormality. Results suggest the measure may be of value in studies of psychiatric patients as well as those with physical disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

MMPI profiles of problem peace officers.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles of officers who had been involved in serious disciplinary actions were compared with those of a matched group of officers who had not been involved in such actions. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) found the profiles of the two groups to be significantly different, with Scales F, 5, 6, and 9 significantly higher and Scale L significantly lower for the problem group. In addition, subjects in the problem group were twice as likely to have a high-point elevation T-score greater than or equal to 70 as their nonproblem counterparts. Overall, these results indicate that any degree of psychopathology, as reflected by MMPI profile elevations, increases the likelihood of serious job performance problems. In addition, a presentation of self as conventional and moderately defended is associated with a lesser likelihood of job difficulty, whereas characteristics such as hypersensitivity, impulsivity, and poor frustration tolerance contribute to significant job problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The relationship of MMPI and Sensation Seeking Scales to adolescent drug use.

This study examined the relationship of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) measures, including the MacAndrew alcoholism (MAC) scale, and the Sensation Seeking Scales (SSS) to adolescents' drug use across nine drug categories. Subjects were 51 male and 72 female high school students between the ages of 14 and 18 (mean age = 16 years, 5 months). The drug use/abuse measure consisted of adolescents' self-reports on the Segal (1973) Alcohol-Drug Use Research Survey. Drug categories included for investigation were alcohol, amphetamines, barbiturates, caffeine, cocaine, hallucinogens, marijuana, narcotics, and tobacco. Scores from standard MMPI scales, the MAC scale, and the SSS were examined in relation to individual drug use outcomes, and multivariate procedures were used to predict polydrug versus single drug use patterns. Results demonstrated significant and meaningful relationships between personality measures and drug use among adolescents, with consistently strong findings for the SSS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

MMPI special scale clinical correlates for adolescent inpatients.

Little research has focused on the clinical correlates of adolescents' Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) special scale responses. We investigated the clinical correlates of the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC), Anxiety (A), Repression (R), and Ego Strength (Es) scales, based on self-reported data from 68 inpatient adolescents and ratings by their nursing staff and individual therapists. Parametric and nonparametric analyses revealed patterns of clinically relevant descriptors for these scales in a manner largely consistent with findings derived from studies of adult respondents. Results are discussed in terms of implications for interpretation of each of these special scales and in relation to a general approach to understanding adolescents' MMPI profiles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Detecting fake-good and fake-bad MMPI-2 profiles.

This study examined the extent to which the validity scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) could identify subjects who were faking bad or faking good and differentiate between psychiatric patients and normal subjects who were faking bad. Subjects were 106 undergraduate college students and 50 psychiatric patients. Results indicate that the mean profiles and optimal cutoff scores resembled those previously reported for the original MMPI. Accurate identification of persons who were faking bad or faking good was achieved. It was possible to differentiate between the psychiatric patients and normal persons who were faking bad, but different cutoff scores were needed to differentiate between normals taking the test under standard instructions and those instructed to fake bad. Optimal cutoff scores were suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The evaluation of truthfulness in alleged sex offenders' self-reports: 16PF and MMPI validity scales.

The evaluation of response bias (i.e., minimization or exaggeration) is central to forensic psychological evaluations. Yet few studies have assessed forensic samples to investigate the ability of psychological tests to detect response bias. We studied the relationship between the Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) validity scales for 65 alleged sex offenders and assessed the effects of different cutoff scores for the 16PF validity scales. Results indicate consistent significant correlations between the validity scales of the 16PF and the MMPI for measures of minimization and exaggeration. use of a priori cutoff scores resulted in the classification of our sample in proportions parallel to those found in previous research for the 16PF Fake-Good scale but not the Fake-Bad scale. Our results indicate that 16PF validity scales are useful, but interpretations must take into account different base rates of response bias between sex offenders and the general population.

Adult↗