Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MASH”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Partial traumatic epiphysiodesis of the lower end of the tibia in children. Treatment with disepiphysiodesis].

The author has treated 20 cases of secondary varus deformity of the tibia after ankle traumas in children. These deformities were related to a partial premature epiphyseal closure, the plate being mashed at the time of the trauma. These cases were usually treated by corrective osteotomy. In two cases an attempt was made at resecting the bone briding the plate and filling the defect by methyl-metacrylate. The results appeared to be encouraging.

Ankle↗
PubMed2003

[The subcranial approach for tumors involving the anterior skull base].

The technical approach for anterior skull base tumors has progressed considerably during the last decade. In the classical combined craniofacial resection (CFR) technique, anterior skull base lesions have been approached through bi-frontal craniotomy coupled with Weber-Ferguson and related modifications incisions. The purpose of this work is to present our experience with the subcranial approach for treatment of anterior skull base tumors. During the years 1994-2002, 64 patients underwent 72 procedures of anterior skull base tumor resection via the subcranial approach. The ages of the patients ranged from 2 to 81 years (mean 42 years). Twenty-nine cases involved malignant tumors (40%), and 43 cases involved benign tumors (60%). The most common benign pathology was meningioma (n = 12) and the most common malignant tumor was squamous cell carcinoma (n = 8). The principle skull base reconstruction procedure was performed using a multi-layered fascia: limited defects of the dura were reconstructed with the use of temporalis fascia, whereas reconstruction of large dural defects was performed using a multi-layered fascia lata sheath. Reconstruction of significant bony defects was achieved by utilizing a split calvarial bone graft, posterior sinus wall, or titanium mash covered with pericranial flap. Postoperative follow-up (26 months in average) revealed that 76% of the patients are without evidence of disease, 14% are alive with disease, 3% died of their diseases and 7% died of unrelated causes. Twenty-seven patients (44%) have suffered from anosmia following the operation. The rate of severe complications was 5.6%, and included meningitis (n = 2), cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (n = 1) and tension pneumocephalus (n = 1). We conclude that the extirpation of anterior skull base tumors via the subcranial approach is simple, reproducible and reliable, and is associated with reasonable complication rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of levels of alkali salts in Alginate-LF-250 on physico-mechanical properties of materials used in making impressions based on irreversible colloids].

The aim of this paper is the examination of physical-mechanical properties of alginate composition regarding the change of alkali salt alginate composition in the limits of the presence from 8 to 20%, and after the standard ISO 1563, 1978 (E). The combinations make homogenized mixtures of micronized powders of the basic component, retarders, accelerators, system stabilizators, the means for colloides and constituents lowering, which are prepared in the relation of 16 gr/40ml. The change of alkali salt alginate concentration from 8 to 20% does not effect the working time and the time of alginate mash binding, while percentage of permanent deformation of the binding material is larger than the allowed standard after ISO 1563, 1978 (E) in case when alginate alkali salts in the composition are present in the smaller quantity than 12%.

Alginates↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical analysis of xerostomia in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiation therapy].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: There is few report on the xerostomia of the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after conventional radiation therapy. Xerostomia is a serious, permanent, and ubiquitous sequelae in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after conventional radiation therapy. It has a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. This study was designed to investigate the severity of xerostomia and its impact on the quality of life in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after conventional radiation therapy. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-six patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, treated by conventional radiation therapy in Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, were surveyed by interview at the outpatient. A questionnaire and a visual analog scale (VAS) were used in analysis of xerostomia and xerostomia-related problems. RESULTS: Of 136 patents, 73.5% of the patients experienced a moderate to severe degree of xerostomia. 82.4% of the patients had to sip water to facilitate speech; 92.6% of the patients had to sip water to facilitate chewing and swallowing; 91.2% of the patients changed their feeding pattern (can eat only mashed food); 61.3% of the patients had to wake up to drink water because of dry mouth; 75.0% of the patients had teeth deteriorated. CONCLUSION: 73.5% of the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after conventional radiation therapy experienced a moderate to severe degree of xerostomia. Xerostomia has a significant impact on the patient's speech, deglutition, sleep, and increases the morbidity rate of the tooth.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental study of the effects of known quantities of zearalenone on swine reproduction.

Experiments were carried out in order to study the effect of known quantities of zearalenone on reproductive performance of gilts. Zearalenone was produced on autoclaved corn using pure cultures of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (local strain of Leskovac). The amount of 22.09 mg/kg of zearalenone in the ration of breeding gilts had an obvious harmful effect on their reproductive performance decreased number of corpora lutea, decreased weight of ovaries, decreased number of live embryos, increased number of dead-born piglets, and the occurrence of abortus. These effects were less pronounced in gilts fed mashes containing 2.2 mg/kg zearalenone. However, in both groups the uterotropic effect of zearalenone was obvious.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The medicinal uses of poi.

Poi is a pasty starch made from the cooked, mashed corm of the taro plant (Colocasia esculenta L.). Originating in Asia, this root crop is now found primarily in tropical and subtropical regions and was a major dietary staple in the Pacific islands. We hypothesize that poi has potential use as a probiotic-defined by FAO/WHO as, "live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit to the host." No scientific studies have explored the possibility of poi being used as a probiotic in medical nutrition therapy, however, an investigator determined that the predominant bacteria in poi are Lactococcus lactis (95%) and Lactobacilli (5%), both of which are lactic acid-producing bacteria. This investigator also reported that poi contains significantly more of these bacteria per gram than yogurt. To determine if poi is beneficial for certain health conditions, a literature search was conducted to find all available research studies in which poi was used as a complementary treatment. Documented evidence suggests that poi shows promise for use in infants with allergies or failure-to-thrive. However, to support previous findings, more research needs to be conducted with poi and its potential use as a probiotic.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Production, distribution and problems experienced with health education materials in two districts of Mashonaland East Province, Zimbabwe.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the production, distribution and problems experienced with health education (HE) materials in two districts of Mashonaland East (Mash East) province of Zimbabwe. DESIGN: A descriptive survey conducted in the rural districts of Mutoko and Murewa within the Province. METHODS: The researcher interviewed four doctors, 30 nurses and 10 allied health workers who had been conveniently sampled. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: The types of health education materials available, whether field-testing and distribution of materials had been done locally, the problems experienced and unmet needs. RESULTS: It was found that most of the HE materials were printed on paper, and that 93.2% of the health workers indicated that the materials had not been field-tested in their local areas and did not address local problems. While all the respondents commented that the materials were always few, 77.3% noted that the materials were in English. Most of the health workers (90.9%) indicated that they needed print materials, radio and video cassettes. All of them desired to have materials in the local languages and addressing local problems. It was also noted that in almost 73% of the health facilities, the materials were being kept in the storerooms. The majority of the HE materials in the two districts were print materials that had not been field-tested in the local areas, were not in the local languages, did not address the local problems and were kept in storerooms. Material production protocols need to be followed and the management should ensure that HE materials reach the intended audience.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Ubiquilin-1 is a novel HASH-1-complexing protein that regulates levels of neuronal bHLH transcription factors in human neuroblastoma cells.

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor mammalian achaete-scute homologue-1 (MASH-1 in mouse and HASH-1 in humans) is expressed in specific subsets of embryonic neuronal precursors of both the peripheral and central nervous systems. This gene is essential for development of olfactory and most peripheral autonomic neurons. Neuro-blastoma is a pediatric malignancy derived from sympathetic nervous system precursors and HASH-1 is expressed in a majority of neuroblastoma tumors and cell lines, indicating the immature phenotype of these cells. Using a human neuroblastoma cDNA library and the yeast two-hybrid system to identify novel HASH-1-interacting proteins, we isolated ubiquilin-1 (DA41, hPLIC-1), a gene that contains multiple ubiquitin-related domains. Further analyses showed that ubiquilin-1 interacts not only with HASH-1, but also with other tissue-specific bHLH proteins, including HES-1. Overexpression of ubiquilin-1 led to accumulation of HASH-1 and HES-1. Moreover, ubiquilin-1 was translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus upon co-expression with HASH-1. These results indicate that ubiquilin-1 plays an active role in the precise regulation of HASH-1 and of other tissue-specific bHLH proteins.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed2004

Influence of malaria parasite (P. vivax) on erythrocyte aggregation: a study based on dynamic imaging and analysis.

Malaria due to P. vivax (PV) is prevalent in many countries. The present work is aimed to determine the cell-cell interaction through formation of aggregates under dynamic conditions. Blood samples are obtained from patients (n=11) suffering from PV malaria, and the normal subjects (n=10) in test tubes containing citrate phosphate dextrose (10:1.4), as an anticoagulant. The signature analysis of infected erythrocytes shows significant alterations in their shape and membrane. For aggregation analysis, erythrocyte suspension in plasma at hematocrit 5%, was placed in a glass chamber and mounted vertically on the stage of the video-microscope system. The aggregate images thus acquired show erythrocytes adhering with each other to form mash-like structures. With increase in parasitaemia, the erythrocytes show hyper-aggregation compared to that of normal cells. By processing of the sequence of recorded images during sedimentation, the various aggregation parameters are obtained. These parameters show that the formed aggregates are compact which produce distinct changes in sedimentation pattern with significantly higher sedimentation velocity compared to that in healthy blood samples. These changes in malaria could partly be responsible for alteration in blood flow through microcirculatory system.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mid upper arm and calf circumferences as indicators of nutritional status in women of reproductive age.

Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) is recognized as an effective means of screening for poor nutritional status in adults. The efficacy of calf circumference (CC) as a screening tool, however, is not well reported. We studied 2000 healthy women (age range: 15-49 years) in Mashed, Islamic Republic of Iran, to assess anthropometric measurements at reproductive age and the usefulness of MUAC and CC for estimating body mass index (BMI) and screening of women at nutritional risk. We found a strong correlation between MUAC and CC with weight and BMI, suggesting that MUAC and CC can be used to estimate BMI and detect nutritional disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Retinoic acid-induced neural differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells is potentiated by leukemia inhibitory factor.

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a cytokine that exhibits proliferation, survival and differentiation in a wide range of cell types. Here we show that LIF potentiates retinoic acid-mediated neural induction in pluripotent P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. This activity of LIF was demonstrated by a profounded neural morphology followed by increased expression of neural-specific proteins (N-CAM, III beta-tubulin, and GAP-43), up-regulation of early neural lineage-specific gene Mash-1, and down-regulation of early endoderm-specific genes -fetoprotein and GATA-4. Moreover, LIF also slows growth and increases the level of apoptosis in differentiating cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of Salmonella serovars and most probable numbers in rendered-animal-protein meals: inferences for animal and human health.

Salmonellae are resourceful and adaptive organisms that infect a broad range of diverse hosts. Serovars of the genus were first isolated in a poultry mash in 1948, thus establishing a need to assess the pertinence of Salmonella organisms in animal protein feed ingredients. In the study reported here, a random-sampling scheme was established to evaluate the Salmonella population level by three-tube most-probable-number (MPN) analysis and serovar identity over a period of one year. The results provide evidence of the limited relatedness of animal protein meals in the complex cycle of feed contamination and likely subsequent transmission of disease to animals or humans through the feed chain.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2002

Production of cellulose- and xylan-degrading enzymes by a koji mold, aspergillus oryzae, and their contribution to the maceration of rice endosperm cell wall.

The production of cellulose- (CEL), xylan- (XYL), and pectin-degrading enzymes (PEC) by a koji mold, Aspergillus oryzae, was studied, and their contributions to the maceration of the rice endosperm cell wall were investigated with regard to the utilization of available rice in the sake mash. The sake koji mold showed higher CEL and XYL productivities, whereas the miso and soy sauce koji molds showed higher PEC productivity. Statistical analyses indicated that CEL and XYL contribute predominantly and synergistically to the maceration of the rice endosperm cell wall. A. oryzae produced at least three kinds of CEL (Cel-1, 2, 3) and two kinds of XYL (Xyl-1, 2) when cultured in a wheat bran medium. In the solid-state culture, the production of Cel-3 and Xyl-2 was markedly stimulated by decreasing the moisture content of the solid substrate, although the production levels of Cel-1 and Xyl-1 were almost the same. These data suggest that the production of Cel-3 and Xyl-2 is strongly influenced by culture conditions, and that water activity is one of the dominant factors in the regulation of their production.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Quantitative autoradiographic characterization of the binding of (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5, 10-imine ([3H]MK-801) in rat brain: regional effects of polyamines.

The distribution and properties of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, labeled with [3H](+)-5-methyl-10, 11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5 5,10-imine (MK-801), were examined in rat brain. In sections of brain mash, the kinetics of association and dissociation of [3H]MK-801 were monophasic in the presence of 100 microM glutamate and glycine, and Scatchard transformations of saturation isotherms resulted in linear plots. Inhibition of the binding of [3H]MK-801 by other noncompetitive antagonists produced competition curves with Hill coefficients close to 1.0, consistent with a simple bimolecular interaction between the radioligand and the receptor. Scatchard plots based upon densitometric measurements of [3H]MK-801 binding in serial sections of rat brain were also linear, with dissociation constant values ranging from 5.0 to 8.4 nM in different regions at the level of the hippocampus. The distribution of [3H]MK-801 binding sites paralleled the distribution of NMDA displaceable L-[3H]glutamate binding sites. One exception was the cerebellar granule cell layer, where the density of binding sites for [3H]MK-801 was extremely low. The relative density of [3H]MK-801 to NMDA displaceable L-[3H]glutamate binding sites was approximately 1 to 2, consistent with the existence of two transmitter recognition sites per NMDA receptor. The modulatory effects of polyamines on [3H]MK-801 binding were studied in washed brain sections. The polyamine agonists spermine and spermidine enhanced [3H]MK-801 binding in all regions studied, with increases ranging from 18% in the thalamus to 106% in the ventromedial striatum. The effects of spermine and spermidine in these regions were highly correlated. Diethylenetriamine, which blocks the effects of spermidine, by itself produced decreases in the binding of [3H]MK-801 in most regions ranging from 5 to 21% but increased binding in parts of the striatum by 3 to 22%. The decrease in binding produced by diethylenetriamine in different brain regions was negatively correlated with the increase in binding produced by the agonists, suggesting that variability in the residual concentration of endogenous polyamines contributes to the regional variability of agonist effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The effects of overeating on insulin secretion in normal mice.

This study was performed to examine the effect of overeating on in vivo and in vitro insulin secretion in normal mice. Six week old male CRJ-ICR mice were maintained on a cookie and chocolate mashed diet (C.C. diet) until 30 weeks of age; control mice received an ordinary mouse chow. The mice on the C.C. diet (C.C. mice) consumed 125-130% of the daily caloric intake of control mice throughout the study. C.C. mice developed mild hyperglycemia with relative obesity from 16 weeks of age. Fed blood glucose levels at 30 weeks of age for C.C. mice were 158.3 +/- 6.7 mg/dl as opposed to 127.2 +/- 3.1 mg/dl for controls (p less than 0.01). In experimental mice at 18 weeks of age, plasma insulin response after intraperitoneal glucose load (2 mg/g BW) and insulin secretion at 30 mM glucose from the perfused pancreas were similar to those in control mice. However, at 30 weeks of age, insulin secretion at 30 mM glucose from perfused pancreas in C.C. mice was significantly suppressed compared with that of control mice (p less than 0.02). Conversely, in vivo insulin secretory response to intraperitoneal glucose load was significantly increased in C.C. mice (p less than 0.05). There were no differences in insulin secretion at 15 mM glucose from perfused pancreas. These results indicate that impairment of beta-cell secretory capacity develops in impaired glucose tolerant mice with obesity, while in vivo studies show a high insulin response to glucose. This alteration of beta-cell function may be the initial change during the development of the hyperglycemia-induced defect in insulin secretion.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Effects of diazepam, psychosocial stress and dietary cholesterol on pituitary-adrenocortical hormone levels and experimental atherosclerosis.

We studied the effects of psychosocial stress (S) and diazepam (D) on plasma lipids, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and corticosterone (B) levels of cockerels fed an atherogenic diet (AD) consisting of 2% cholesterol plus 5% cottonseed oil added to plain mash (PM). Seventy-six eight-week-old DeKalb cockerels were randomly assigned to the following groups: I. PM; II. PM + D; III. PM + S; ;IV. PM + S + D; V. AD; VI. AD + D; VII. AD + S and VIII. AD + S + D. S was induced by housing two birds to a cage and pairing them to a different bird daily. D was administered daily by gavage. Plasma ACTH and B levels were analyzed by RIA. Aortic atherosclerosis was grossly graded on a scale of 0-4 and also by gravimetric planimetry. After 10 weeks: 1. S birds had a significantly higher incidence and severity (p less than 0.04) of aortic atherogenesis and elevated ACTH and B levels (p less than 0.001) compared to unstressed PM groups. 2. AD significantly elevated the plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and the lipoprotein cholesterol that was precipitated by heparin-manganese (LDL-C + VLDL-C), compared to initial and/or PM levels (p less than 0.001). AD birds had a greater incidence and more severe aortic lesions in comparison to PM groups (p less than 0.002). Plasma hormone levels were significantly lower in birds fed AD alone compared to controls and stressed birds. 3. D significantly reduced the severity of aortic atheroma as well as decreased hormone levels in all treated groups (p less than 0.001). Therefore, we conclude that aortic atherosclerosis in cockerels can be induced by S and/or AD, and D can markedly reduce atherogenesis under these conditions. Since both AD and D decreased plasma ACTH and B levels, the anti-atherogenic action of D in these birds does not seem to directly involve these pituitary-adrenocortical hormones.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of food characteristics on rate of hemorrhagic complications and early results of endoscopic sclerosing treatment of esophageal varices].

To evaluate the possible influence of the trauma of swallowing solids on the outcome and complication rate of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy we carried out a prospective randomized trial in 46 cirrhotics undergoing sclerotherapy because of recent or acute variceal bleeding. The patients were randomly assigned to mashed food (24 = group A) or normal solid food (22 = group B). Both groups were comparable according to age, sex, Child classes, size of the varices and patients undergoing emergency sclerotherapy (8 in each group). Duration of hospital care (A 26.6, B 27.3 days) (means), number of endoscopic studies (A 4.7, B 4.6), number of sclerotherapy sessions (A 2.4, B 2.5) and required amount of Polidicanol in each patient (A 62.7, B 56.4 ml) were not different. Variceal eradication was achieved in 13 cases in A, in 14 in B. III degrees varices remained in 6 patients in A (3 quit against advice before completing ST) and in 1 case in group B. Staple-gun transection and devascularization because of recurrent bleeding were necessary in 2 cases in A and in 1 case in B. Death occurred in 2 cases in A (liver failure), in 4 cases in B (3 cases of liver failure and in 1 case with recurrent bleeding, without operation because of hepatocellular carcinoma). Episodes of acute massive bleeding from varices or esophageal ulcers occurred 9 times in group A and 10 times in group B. Minor bleedings occurred 10 times in A and 9 times in B. Transfusion requirement was 110 units of packed red cells in A and 106 in B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of distal transposition of the pancreatic duct on gastric motility].

The stomach motor activity activated by mashed meat and bread prior to and within 3 months after transposition of main pancreatic duct into the proximal portion of the jejunum, was studied in dogs with fistulae. The distal transposition of the pancreatic duct was found to reduce significantly the rate of the stomach contractions, to increase its tonus in later period and to be able to reduce the strength of the stomach contractions in delayed hours after feeding. The duodenal mechanisms of the regulation of the stomach motility were transformed in conditions of a distal shift of the pancreatic secret inflow into the intestine.

Animals↗