Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Lincomycin”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1970

The effect of carbon dioxide on the sensitivity of Bacteroides fragilis to certain antibiotics in vitro.

The effect of 10% carbon dioxide on the sensitivity to four antibiotics of 10 strains of Bacteroides fragilis was studied. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of erythromycin and lincomycin hydrochloride for these strains were four to 32 times higher, when grown in hydrogen plus 10% carbon dioxide, than the values obtained when the strains were grown in pure hydrogen. A similar effect was obtained by growing the strains in hydrogen on an acid medium. Except for Haemophilus influenzae and Clostridium tertium the sensitivity to erythromycin and lincomycin hydrochloride of other species of bacteria examined was not affected by the atmosphere in which the tests were carried out. 7-Chlorolincomycin and rifamycin B diethylamide, to which the strains of B. fragilis were uniformly sensitive, were not significantly affected by additional carbon dioxide. The possible mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and its clinical implications are discussed, and a case report describing the successful use of erythromycin in the treatment of a cerebral abscess due to B. fragilis is presented. In a recent study in this laboratory of the sensitivity to antibiotics of B. fragilis the majority of strains were found to be inhibited by 0.15 mug/ml of erythromycin and by 0.55 mug/ml of lincomycin hydrochloride (Ingham, Selkon, Codd, and Hale, 1968). After this work had been completed hydrogen plus 10% carbon dioxide was substituted for pure hydrogen in the anaerobic technique. Strains of B. fragilis isolated on routine culture now appeared to be relatively resistant to erythromycin and lincomycin hydrochloride when their sensitivity was examined by the disc diffusion method. A more detailed investigation of this phenomenon was carried out, the results of which are reported here. The opportunity was also taken to examine the susceptibility of B. fragilis to two new antibiotics, namely, 7-chlorolincomycin and rifamycin B diethylamide.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Use of bacitracin in the prevention and treatment of experimentally-induced idiopathic colitis in horses.

Ten healthy ponies from a single herd were found by repeated fecal culture to be free of Salmonella species and Clostridium cadaveris. In a preliminary study, four ponies administered a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg lincomycin did not develop idiopathic colitis when the drug was administered alone. Four other ponies were administered 10 mg/kg lincomycin by stomach tube together with 0.45 L of colonic content from a horse with idiopathic colitis induced earlier by lincomycin alone. Two of the four ponies were treated with 25 g oral zinc bacitracin premix (110 g/kg active ingredient) 24 h later. Forty-two hours after inoculation the two untreated ponies had severe signs of idiopathic colitis and were euthanized. Postmortem findings were typical of idiopathic colitis. The two treated ponies had milder illness but the more severely affected was also euthanized; the other was retreated at 42 h with bacitracin pre-mix and again 12 h later. Its illness and diarrhea resolved over the next 24 h. Clostridium cadaveris was isolated in large numbers from the cecum of the euthanized ponies and their cecal content contained mouse lethal and guinea pig dermonecrotic, but not cytotoxic, activity. Enterotoxins of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile could not be demonstrated. No toxin could be demonstrated in culture supernatants of C. cadaveris or in supernatants of cecal contents treated with ethanol prior to culturing in anaerobically incubated broth. No Salmonella spp. were isolated. A further two ponies were administered 10 mg/kg lincomycin orally with 0.45 L colonic content from a horse with idiopathic colitis, as described.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

End-plate ion channel block produced by lincosamide antibiotics and their chemical analogs.

Five lincosamide compounds were studied for their effects on end-plate currents (epcs), miniature end-plate currents and acetylcholine-induced current fluctuations in the garter snake costocutaneous nerve-muscle preparation. At high concentrations, lincomycin and clindamycin reduced epc amplitude, but analysis of driving functions showed that only with clindamycin was this due solely to changes in epc quantal content. The effect of lincomycin on epc amplitude was exaggerated by rapid channel block during the rising phase of the epc. Clindamycin produced currents with a single exponential decay and single Lorentzian noise spectra. All the other compounds produced currents which decayed as the sum of two exponential components. For lincomycin and epilincomycin, noise spectra consisted of two Lorentzian components. For epiclindamycin and deoxylincomycin, although epcs and miniature end-plate currents decayed with two components, it was not possible to separate two components in the noise spectra. A kinetic analysis of ion channel blocking actions showed only small differences between the two pairs of stereoisomers studied. End-plate ion channel blocking and unblocking rate constants did not vary greatly among the compounds but the end-plate ion channel unblocking rate constant values for the two lincomycin stereoisomers were larger than those for the two clindamycin stereoisomers. Deoxylincomycin exhibited properties similar to those of the clindamycins. It was concluded that lipid solubility, not stereochemical conformation, plays the greater role in determining the ion channel blocking properties within the series, particularly that of the rate of dissociation of the compound from end-plate ion channels.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Lincosamide antibiotics].

A survey of microbiological and pharmacological properties of, of clinical experience with and of untoward reactions of lincomycin and clindamycin has been presented. Both antibiotics are active against gram-positive aerobic and many anaerobic bacteria. As to anti-anaerobic activity, clindamycin is superior to lincomycin. Consequently, anaerobic infections are main indication for clindamycin in clinical practice. On the other hand, lincomycin shows excellent penetration into body fluids and tissues and its dosage can be adapted to actual clinical situation in a very wide range. Recently, combinations of clindamycin with other drugs have proved effective in the treatment of falciparum malaria as well as of acute toxoplasmosis and Pneumocystis pneumonia in AIDS patients. Both lincomycin and clindamycin play still an important role in chemotherapy of infections.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

Selective inhibition of hemolysin production by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus.

The effect of lincomycin on growth and hemolysin production by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus is presented. Lincomycin at subinhibitory concentration, clearly inhibited hemolysin yield without appreciably altering final growth density. The cells of these two microbes previously grown in the presence of lincomycin showed very low hemolytic activities upon disruption. The mode of lincomycin action on hemolysin production is discussed.

Hemolysin Proteins↗
PubMed1976

[Effectiveness of the inhalatory administration of chlolincocin in experimental staphylococcal pneumonia].

Administration of chlolincocin (7-chlor-7-desoxylincomycin) in the form of inhalation aerosol to albino mice in a dose of 200 Units/mouse provided the drug therapeutic concentrations in the lung tissue. The antibiotic was well adsorbed and detected in the blood, liver, kidneys and other biological substrates. Penetration of chlolincocin and lincomycin from the lungs into the blood was better in healthy animals. In animals with experimental staphylococcal infection their blood levels were 1.5--2 times lower. Repeated inhalations of chlolincocin resulted in an increase resulted in its levels in the lung tissue up to 8--10 Units/ml, however, its blood levels increased insignificantly. When chlolincocin and lincomycin were administered intravenously, their concentrations in the lung tissue were lower and detected for a shorter period of time than after the inhalation administration. The aerosols of chlolincocin markedly inhibited the growth of Staph. aureus in the lungs. The drug was 3--5 times more active than lincomycin. Inhalation administration of chlolincocin aerosol is supposed to be expedient for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the respiratory organs caused by lincomycin sensitive flora.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The pre- and postjunctional components of the neuromuscular effect of antibiotics.

The relative contributions of the pre- and postsynaptic components of the myoneural blocking effect of different antibiotics were studied using: (a) a radio-active method that measures selectively the Ca(2+)-dependent, stimulation evoked, quantally released, (3)H-acetylcholine ((3)H-ACh) from the mouse in vitro phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation without cholinesterase inhibition; (b) measurement of the force of contraction of the indirectly or directly stimulated muscle. The antibiotics studied (neomycin, polymyxin B and lincomycin), reduced the release of (3)H-ACh evoked by stimulation (18 trains of 40 shocks at 50 Hz) in a concentration dependent manner. While the inhibitory effect of neomycin was inversely related to [Ca(2+)](o), that of lincomycin was moderately and that of polymyxin B was not affected by increasing [Ca(2+)](o) from 0.75 to 5.0 mM. Similarly, the d-tubocurarine (d-Tc)-induced inhibition of the release of (3)H-ACh was independent of [Ca(2+)](o). The K-channel blocking agent, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), enhanced the release of ACh in a concentration dependent manner and prevented the neuromuscular effect of neomycin. However, the neuromuscular effect of polymyxin B and of lincomycin was not affected by 4-AP. Atropine, enhanced the release of (3)H-ACh. Antibiotics, however, were still able to reduce the release of ACh when the negative muscarinic feedback mechanism of ACh release was eliminated by atropine. Our findings indicate that the antibiotics studied possess both pre- and postsynaptic effects. Presynaptically they reduce the evoked release of ACh; postsynaptically they inhibit muscle contractility. The rank order of presynaptic action is neomycin >polymyxin B >lincomycin.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile from different sources.

A total of 79 Clostridium difficile strains from healthy young and elderly adults, elderly patients without gastrointestinal disease, elderly patients receiving antibiotics without gastrointestinal complications, and elderly patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea or pseudomembranous colitis were tested for their susceptibilities to 24 antimicrobial agents. All of the 79 strains were inhibited by low concentrations of rifampicin, metronidazole, fusidic acid, vancomycin, ampicillin, and penicillin G. Strains were highly resistant to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, and cycloserine and often resistant to neomycin, cefoxitin, and cefalexin. Wide variations in the susceptibility of C. difficile strains to erythromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline were found. Strains resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, and lincomycin were more frequently found among strains isolated from elderly adults than those isolated from young adults, with particularly high frequency among strains isolated from elderly patients receiving antibiotics. None of the 23 strains isolated from healthy young adults was resistant to chloramphenicol. All of the 14 strains resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, and chloramphenicol were sensitive to tetracycline and all of the 15 strains resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, and tetracycline were sensitive to chloramphenicol. Only one out of 19 tetracycline, resistant strains was highly toxigenic, whereas 42 (70%) of the 60 sensitive strains were highly toxigenic.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Correlation of agar dilution and VITEK2 system for detection of resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and pristinamycin among Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis: association with genotypes.

The performance of the VITEK2 system was evaluated against the agar dilution reference procedure for testing susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (MLS). Eighty clinical isolates were selected according to their resistance phenotype and genotype. Results for erythromycin and clindamycin showed 100% agreement; results for lincomycin showed agreement of 78%, with one very major error and 17 minor errors; and results for pristinamycin showed agreement of 46%, with one major error and 43 minor errors. Most isolates resistant to lincomycin and streptogramin A (L SgAr phenotype) were falsely susceptible to lincomycin, and intermediately-resistant or resistant to pristinamycin, with the VITEK2 system. No resistance gene was detected. Most (80%) isolates resistant constitutively to MLS (MLS(r)BC phenotype) were falsely intermediately-resistant to pristinamycin with the VITEK2 system. The erm(A) gene was more common than erm(C) in MLS(r)BC strains. Resistance to pristinamycin alone (SgA SgB PTr phenotype), or associated with either lincomycin resistance (L SgA SgB PTr phenotype) or constitutive MLS(B) resistance (MLS(BC) SgA PTr phenotype), was well-characterised without discordant results. Resistance to pristinamycin was always associated with resistance to streptogramin A, encoded by the vga(A), vga(B), vgb(A) and vat(A) genes in association with the erm(A) or erm(C) genes.

Agar↗
PubMed1995

Antimicrobial sensitivity testing of Australian isolates of Bordetella avium and the Bordetella avium-like organism.

The in-vitro sensitivity of 16 Australian isolates of Bordetella avium and 15 isolates of B avium-like organism to 11 antimicrobial agents or combinations of agents was determined using a microtitre plate system to establish minimal inhibitory concentrations. All the B avium isolates were sensitive to ampicillin but resistant to erythromycin, lincomycin, spectinomycin, sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and lincomycin + spectinomycin. Most of the B avium isolates were sensitive to tetracycline and resistant to streptomycin and sulphadiazine. All the B avium-like isolates were resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and lincomycin+spectinomycin. Most B avium-like isolates were sensitive to sulphadiazine, sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Isolation and characterization of multiply antibiotic-resistant Clostridum perfringens strains from porcine feces.

Multiply antibiotic-resistant strains of Clostridium perfringens were isolated from porcine feces. Strains that were resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, and lincomycin were isolated, but no penicillin- or chloramphenicol-resistant strains were obtained. Typical minimal inhibitory concentrations for resistant strains were 16 to 64 mug of tetracycline per ml, 64 to >128 mug of erythromycin per ml, >/=128 mug of lincomycin per ml, and 16 to 128 mug of clindamycin per ml. Resistance to erythromycin was always associated with resistance to lincomycin and clindamycin. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined for 258 strains from six farms that used antibiotics in their feeds and 240 strains from five farms that did not use antibiotics. The results show that 77.9 and 22.7% of the strains from the former farms were resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin-clindamycin-lincomycin, respectively. The comparable data from the latter farms were 25.0 and 0.8%, respectively. Agarose gel electrophoresis failed to reveal a plasmid band that was common to the resistant strains but absent in the susceptible strains. Attempts to transfer tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin resistance from one strain, CW459, were not successful. Antibiotic-susceptible mutants were not isolated from this strain, despite the use of a variety of curing agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of MICs of ceftiofur and other antimicrobial agents against bacterial pathogens of swine from the United States, Canada, and Denmark.

The MICs of ceftiofur and other antimicrobial agents, tested for comparison, for 515 bacterial isolates of pigs from the United States, Canada, and Denmark with various diseases were compared. The organisms tested included Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella typhimurium, Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. In addition to ceftiofur, the following antimicrobial agents or combinations were tested: enrofloxacin, ampicillin, sulfamethazine, trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (1:19), erythromycin, lincomycin, spectinomycin, lincomycin-spectinomycin (1:8), tilmicosin, and tetracycline. Tilmicosin was only tested against the U.S. isolates. Overall, ceftiofur and enrofloxacin were the most active antimicrobial agents tested against all isolates, with MICs inhibiting 90% of isolates tested (MIC90s) of < or = 2.0 and < or = 1.0 microgram/ml, respectively. Erythromycin, sulfamethazine, spectinomycin, and lincomycin demonstrated limited activity against all of the organisms tested, with MIC90s of > or = 8.0, > or = 256.0, > or = 32.0, and > or = 16.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine was active against isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae, S. choleraesuis, S. typhimurium, P. multocida, S. equi, and S. suis (MIC90s, < or = 0.5 microgram/ml) but was less active against the E. coli strains tested (MIC90, > 16.0 micrograms/ml). Ampicillin was active against the P. multocida, S. suis, and S. equi isolates tested (MIC90s, 0.5, 0.06, and 0.06 micrograms/ml, respectively) and was moderately active against S. typhimurium (MIC90s, 2.0 micrograms/ml). However, this antimicrobial agent was much less active when it was tested against A. pleuropneumoniae, S. cholerae-suis, and E. coli (MIC90s, 16.0, > 32.0, and 32.0 micrograms/ml, respectively). Against the U.S. isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida, tilmicosin was moderately active (MIC90s, 4.0 and 8.0 micrograms/ml, respectively). However, this compound was not active against the remaining U.S. isolates (MIC90s, > 64.0 micrograms/ml). Differences in the MICs from one country to another were not detected with enrofloxacin, ceftiofur, or lincomycin for the strains tested, but variations in the MICs of the remaining antimicrobial agents were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella choleraesuis recovered from Taiwanese swine.

Minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) were determined for ampicillin, ceftiofur, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, lincomycin, lincospectin (lincomycin/spectinomycin), neomycin, premafloxacin, spectinomycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and tetracycline against a total of 180 isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella choleraesuis (60 each) clinically isolated from pigs on farms in Taiwan from 1994 to 1996. No more than 3 isolates per farm were used. Ceftiofur had the highest activity in vitro against isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae, E. coli, and S. choleraesuis, with MIC90 values of 0.03, 2, and 1 microg/ml, respectively. Premafloxacin was highly active against isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae, E. coli, and S. choleraesuis, with MIC90 values of 2, 8, and 0.5 microg/ml, respectively, which were lower than those with enrofloxacin (MIC90 8, 32, and 2 microg/ml, respectively). Neomycin was moderately active against A. pleuropneumoniae and E. coli, with MIC90 values of 8 and 64 microg/ml, respectively, but was inactive with S. choleraesuis. Gentamicin showed high activity against A. pleuropneumoniae (MIC90 of 2 microg/ml) but was only moderately active with E. coli and S. choleraesuis (MIC90 of 64 and 32 microg/ml). Cephalothin was highly active against isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae (MIC90 of 1 microg/ml) but was inactive with E. coli (MIC90 of 128 microg/ml). Lincomycin had moderate activity (MIC90 of 32 microg/ml) against A. pleuropneumoniae. Chloramphenicol, lincomycin, and tetracycline were inactive with E. coli and S. choleraesuis (MIC90 > 128 microg/ml). In conclusion, ceftiofur and premafloxacin were highly active against isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae, E. coli, and S. choleraesuis, enrofloxacin and gentamicin were highly to moderately active; cephalothin was highly active against A. pleuropneumoniae and moderately active against S. cholearesuis; chloramphenicol, lincomycin, and tetracycline were active only with A. pleuropneumoniae; neomycin was moderately active against A. pleuropneumoniae and E. coli. The other antimicrobials tested were inactive.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical study on acute upper respiratory tract infection treated with qingkailing injection].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Qingkailing injection (QKLI) in treating acute fever. METHODS: Four hundred cases of acute upper respiratory tract infection were divided into three groups treated with QKLI 120 ml/d, 160 ml/d and 200 ml/d respectively, and compared with a control group treated with lincomycin 1.8 g/d. RESULTS: The markedly effective rate of QKLI was 84.14% which was better than that of lincomycin (75.83%). The mean initial time of QKLI (12.6 h) was shorter than that of lincomycin (17.6 h). Effect of QKLI on patients with disease course within one day was better than that within 3 days. No significant difference revealed between effects in groups treated with different dosage of QKLI. The effect of QKLI in lowering white blood cell count was similar to that of lincomycin. For patients with positive throat swab culture of pathogenic bacteria, QKLI displayed good antibacterial action in vivo. CONCLUSION: QKLI is a highly effective with rapid action drug for treatment of acute respiratory infection.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Susceptibility patterns and mechanisms of macrolide resistance in group B streptococcus isolates].

OBJECTIVE: To test the antibiotic susceptibility and study mechanisms of macrolide resistance in group B streptococcus isolates (GBS). METHODS: The GBS investigated in this study included 140 and 47 colonizing strains isolated from vaginal or cervical swabs from pregnant women in Beijing (from 1994 to 1999) and Guangzhou obstetrics and gynecology hospitals (from 1999) and 6 invasive strains isolated from infants in Beijing Children's Hospital. Susceptibility to ampicillin, penicillin G, erythromycin, lincomycin, cephazolin, cefuroxime, cefoperazone was assessed by K-B disc diffusion. The mechanisms, methylation or efflux, of macrolide resistant GBS isolates, were analyzed by PCR for ermB and mefA genes. RESULTS: Susceptibility testing revealed that none of the GBS isolates were resistant to beta-lactam drugs, but 17% isolates showed intermediate susceptibility to penicillin G and ampicillin. The rate of erythromycin resistance increased from 8% in 1998 to 16% in 1999 in Beijing, while the rate of lincomycin resistance increased from 20% to 28% in that period. However, 21 (45%) and 12 (26%) isolates were resistant to erythromycin and lincomycin, respectively in Guangzhou city where erythromycin resistance rate was higher than that in Beijing. Of 45 erythromycin resistant isolates, 20 (20/45, 44%) possessed the ermB gene and 13 (13/45, 29%) harbored the mefA gene; 6 isolates harbored both genes, 6 isolates had possessed neither ermB gene nor mefA gene. CONCLUSION: The susceptibility of GBS isolates to penicillin G and ampicillin suggests use of penicillin G or ampicillin as a first-line drug in prophylactic treatment regimes against early-onset neonatal GBS disease. Erythromycin and lincomycin should not be recommended as the second-line antimicrobial in Beijing and Guangzhou city. The clinical relevance of macrolide resistant GBS in women treated with macrolides for intrapartum prophylaxis needs to be assessed. Ribosomal modification by a methylase encoded by erm gene may play a major role in the mechanisms of macrolide resistance of GBS isolates in China.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2006

[Determination of lincosamide residues in honey using high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry].

An analytical method for the determination of lincosamide antibiotic residues in honey was developed. In the procedure a solid-phase extraction for the isolation of lincomycin and clindamycin from diluted honey samples was employed. The residues of lincomycin and clindamycin were subsequently analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Mass spectral acquisition was applied with selective reaction monitoring of two diagnostic transition reactions. The qualitative analysis was based on the retention time, the precursor ion and two product ions, and the quantitation was carried out with intension of the characteristic ion m/z 126. The linear ranges were from 1.0 microg/L to 200 microg/L for lincomycin and clindamycin and the correlation coefficients (r2) were all greater than 0.996. The average recoveries for lincomycin and clindamycin ranged from 80% to 110% in replicate sets of honey samples spiked with the drug concentrations of 1.0, 5.0 and 20.0 microg/kg, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 8% for intra-day and 15% for inter-day determinations. The method detection limit and quantitation limit were 0.1 micro/kg and 0.5 microg/kg, respectively. The method is simple and suitable for routine analysis.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1987

Pharmacokinetic changes of several antibiotics in chickens during induced fatty liver.

The concentrations of five antibiotics (erythromycin, lincomycin, penicillin G, streptomycin and oxytetracycline) were determined in chicken serum before and after induced fatty liver. The pharmacokinetic variables were calculated according to the obtained data. The crossover trial design involved 10 chickens for each antibiotic. The fatty liver was produced by oestradiol-dipropionate injections and monitored by serum malic enzyme activity determinations. Protein binding of the respective antibiotics was determined in vitro in the serum obtained from normal and oestrogen-treated birds. Induction of fatty liver caused several changes in the determined variables. The measured peak concentrations were higher for lincomycin and erythromycin and lower for penicillin and oxytetracycline while streptomycin remained unchanged. The peak concentration of streptomycin appeared earlier and the peak of oxytetracycline later than in the normal chickens. The elimination half-lives were shorter for erythromycin, lincomycin and streptomycin and increased for penicillin and oxytetracycline. The area under the concentration curve (AUC) decreased for erythromycin, penicillin and streptomycin, increased for oxytetracycline and remained unchanged for lincomycin. The body clearance (ClB/f) and the apparent specific volume of distribution (Vd(area'/f) were considerably changed in association with fatty liver induction. Since the fraction of the drug absorbed (f) is not known, it can only be speculated that changes in distribution rather than reduced liver function altered the kinetics. The protein binding was decreased for all the antibiotics, but this did not seem to be the reason for changes in kinetics, except perhaps in the case of penicillin.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Drug toxicity in piglets following long-term consumption of medicated feed].

The effect of the addition of various drugs to the feed on the performance of recent weaned piglets was studied. The following procedures were examined: no additive, 50 ppm of carbadox, 50 ppm of carbadox plus 400 ppm of furazolidone, 50 ppm of carbadox plus 22 ppm of lincomycin plus 22 ppm of spectinomycin, 400 ppm of furazolidone and 22 ppm of lincomycin plus 22 ppm of spectinomycin. Each treatment was carried out in ten groups of eight piglets. The trials were continued from the fifth to the eighth week of life. Addition of lincomycin and spectinomycin improved both growth and feed conversion. Combined administration of lincomycin and spectinomycin with carbadox resulted in the best performance. Supplementation of carbadox alone did not produce any beneficial effects. Addition of 400 ppm of furazolidone resulted in a significant depression of growth. Combined administration of 400 ppm furazolidone and 50 ppm of carbadox resulted in the poorest performance. The growth depressing effect of this combined treatment was observed as early as the first two weeks of the experiment. The animals undergoing this treatment showed a greyish-white colour of the skin and very hard stools.

Animals↗