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PubMed1974

A user study of manual and MEDLINE literature searches in the hospital library.

To determine possible uses for MEDLINE in the hospital library, health practitioners requesting literature searches were provided with both a manual and a MEDLINE search. Patron receptivity to MEDLINE was good, but the manual search was more often preferred. The health practitioners responding to a questionnaire apparently had delegated literature searching and evaluation of material to the hospital librarians, especially when clinically related information was needed. In the community hospitals where both the search and the selection of material are the responsibility of the librarian, MEDLINE can be used as the primary search tool or to supplement material provided.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2005

[Study on the mimic epitopes screening program severe acute respiratory syndromes antigen with random phage peptide library].

OBJECTIVE: To screen the severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS) mimotopes with random phage peptide library and to investigate their immunogenicity. METHODS: Using SARS sera as selective molecule, a 12 mer phage peptide library was biopanned and positive clones containing the mimic epitopes were selected. The immuno-characteriation of the epitopes were then investigated. RESULTS: 2 positive clones that having specific affinity to SARS sera were obtained. The DNA sequencing data showed no homology between the sequences of the deduced amino acid of the two mimic antigen peptides and the sequence of SARS. CONCLUSION: SARS mimotopes were obtained by phage peptide library screening. This method might provide a new approach for SARS therapy and vaccine development.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Amino acid-derived heterocycles as combinatorial library targets: spirocyclic ketal lactones.

The spirocyclic ketal-lactone frameworks of 3 and 4 were designed as novel structures amenable to combinatorial synthesis. The synthesis of representative analogues was developed in solution and on solid support, the scope of effective input materials was determined, and the stability and stereochemistry of the products was evaluated. The spirocycles are obtained in modest overall yields (5-36%) and excellent purities (>72%) and offer a promising motif for combinatorial prospecting libraries.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed1995

Selection of hybrids by affinity capture (SHAC): a method for the generation of cDNAs enriched in sequences from a specific chromosome region.

We have established a method for preparing cDNA sublibraries enriched in sequences from specific chromosome regions, called selection of hybrids by affinity capture (SHAC). This procedure can be described in two stages. In the first stage, a particular chromosome region, in this study mouse chromosome 11, was microdissected, followed by PCR amplification with a universal degenerate primer. This material is referred to as the "target" DNA. In the second stage, a mouse liver cDNA library with unique linker-adapter ends, referred to as the "source" cDNA, was hybridized to the biotin-labeled target DNA prepared during the first stage. The resulting DNA duplexes were captured by streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. The cDNAs were released from their biotin-labeled target homologs by alkaline denaturation and recovered by PCR amplification. These cDNAs were referred to as the SHACcDNAs. Specificity of the SHACcDNA to chromosome 11 was verified by FISH analysis. To examine representation of the SHACcDNA, we confirmed the presence of seven genes or single-copy DNA segments known to be localized on mouse chromosome 11, using a dot blot assay. In addition, a second round of SHAC was performed to achieve even higher specificity for the resulting chromosome 11 SHACcDNA. The SHAC technology should facilitate construction of cytogenetically defined cDNA libraries and should assist in the fields of gene discovery and genome mapping.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Selecting neonates with congenital cytomegalovirus infection for ganciclovir therapy.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to look for evidence based or scientific guidelines for selection of newborns with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection that might benefit from treatment with ganciclovir. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted involving the MEDLINE database and the Cochrane Collaboration Library. Abstracts were reviewed to select pertinent articles dealing with ganciclovir therapy in neonates. References from selected articles as well as from reviews were screened for additional relevant articles. In total, 13 case reports (16 patients in all), three descriptive uncontrolled studies (20 patients in all), two randomized dose-comparative studies (54 patients in all) and one randomized controlled study (42 patients) were identified. OBSERVATIONS: All reported patients presented with central nervous system manifestation of CMV infection. Only the randomized controlled study showed a reduction of hearing deterioration in the treated group. Published predictors of hearing loss in congenitally CMV infected children allow identification of candidates that might benefit from treatment. Studies so far are promising but of insufficient number to make evidence based recommendations about indications for treatment of congenital CMV. As such, studies are very difficult to conduct and treatment of infants at high risk of hearing loss may appear justified. There is scientific data to help clinicians in selecting a subgroup of infants that is at higher risk of hearing deterioration and therefore might benefit the most from ganciclovir therapy.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1997

An affinity column for phospholipase A2 based on immobilised acylaminophospholipid analogues.

A synthetic route was developed to prepare 2-acylamino phospholipid analogues suitable for immobilisation. The inhibitors, synthesised in either the (R)- and (S)-configuration, carried an omega-carboxyl group in one acyl chain for immobilisation to the matrix. As a matrix Sepharose 6B, derivatised with a polar, non-charged 16 atom spacer was used. Low-molecular weight phospholipase A2 binds in a calcium-dependent way to the immobilised (S)-inhibitor and not to the immobilised (R)-inhibitor which shows that binding involves specific active site interactions rather than hydrophobic chromatography. The specificity was further demonstrated by the fact that the immobilised (S)-inhibitor binds porcine pancreatic and snake venom phospholipases A2, but not the porcine pancreatic zymogen. Moreover, a mutant porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 in which the active side residue His48 has been replaced by Gln, was not bound by the column. This column material might be applicable for affinity purification of phospholipase A2 and for screening of phage display libraries.

Acylation↗
PubMed2005

Triarylethene-based extended pi-systems: programmable synthesis and photophysical properties.

[reaction: see text] On the basis of an efficient Pd-catalyzed triarylation to a vinylsilane platform, four types of structurally well-defined triarylethene-based extended pi-systems have been prepared very rapidly. From a compound library constructed by the present method, it was possible to find a number of interesting fluorescent materials, as well as interesting fluorescent properties such as aggregation-induced enhanced emission. A useful method for the rapid synthesis and property evaluation has also been developed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Full-length cDNA for rabbit tryptophan hydroxylase: functional domains and evolution of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases.

A full-length cDNA for tryptophan hydroxylase was cloned from rabbit pineal body by screening an expression library with antibody against rat phenylalanine hydroxylase, which crossreacts with rabbit tryptophan hydroxylase. Clones producing immunoreactive material contain sequences homologous to, yet distinct from, phenylalanine hydroxylase. The rabbit cDNA hybridizes to mRNA in pineal body and brainstem but not in liver. Comparison of the rabbit tryptophan hydroxylase sequence with the sequences of phenylalanine hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase demonstrates that these three biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases are highly homologous, reflecting a common evolutionary origin from a single primordial genetic locus. The pattern of sequence homology supports the hypothesis that the carboxyl-terminal two-thirds of the molecules constitute the enzymatic activity cores, and the amino-terminal thirds of the molecules constitute domains for substrate specificity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

The 37/40-kilodalton autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is the putative tyrosine phosphatase IA-2.

Major targets for autoantibodies associated with the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) include tryptic fragments with a molecular mass of 37 kDa and/or 40 kDa of a pancreatic islet cell antigen of unknown identity. The assay identifying autoantibodies against the 37/40-kDa antigen in human sera is based on the immunoprecipitation of 35S-labeled rat insulinoma cell proteins with sera from IDDM patients, followed by limited trypsin digestion of the immunoprecipitated material. To identify cDNA clones coding for the 37/40-kDa antigen, we have screened a cDNA expression library from rat insulinoma cells with a serum from an IDDM patient that precipitated the 37/40-kDa antigen in our assay. Among the cDNA products that reacted with the IDDM serum, we identified one cDNA clone whose open reading frame encodes a protein with a predicted mass of 105 kDa that we termed "ICA105" for 105-kDa islet cell antibody. The deduced amino acid sequence has high homology to a recently cloned putative tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 from human and mouse cDNA libraries. Translation of the cDNA in vitro results in a polypeptide with the expected molecular mass of 105 kDa. The evidence that ICA105 is indeed the precursor of the 37/40-kDa tryptic fragments is based on the following three results: (i) Sera from IDDM patients containing autoantibodies to the 37/40-kDa antigen precipitate the in vitro translated polypeptide, whereas sera from healthy subjects as well as sera from IDDM patients not reactive with the 37/40-kDa antigen do not precipitate the cDNA product. (ii) Immunoprecipitation of the in vitro translated protein with sera containing autoantibodies to the 37/40-kDa antigen followed by limited trypsin digestion of the precipitated proteins results in a 40-kDa polypeptide. (iii) The protein derived from our cDNA but not from an unrelated control cDNA clone can block immunoprecipitation of the 37/40-kDa antigen from a labeled rat insulinoma cell extract. The availability of the cloned 37/40-kDa antigen should facilitate the identification of individuals at risk of IDDM with increased accuracy. Furthermore, the identification of the 37/40-kDa antigen as the putative tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 is of relevance in elucidating the role of this antigen in the development of IDDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Synthesis of nucleoside libraries on solid support. I. N2,N6-disubstituted diaminopurine nucleosides.

Starting with 2-iodo-6-chloro-9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purine, a library of more than 1,300 N2,N6-polysubstituted diaminopurine nucleosides was created. The starting material was condensed with a polystyrene monomethoxytrityl resin and a pool of primary and secondary amines was used to displace the 6-chloro atom with high regioselectivity. The 2-iodo was subsequently displaced by various primary amines. Nucleosides were cleaved from the resin with hexafluoroisopropanol solutions. A majority of compounds reached a purity of more than 80% without the need for any type of purification.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMed1987

Structure and expression of an ethylene-related mRNA from tomato.

Messenger RNAs homologous to a cDNA clone (pTOM 13) derived from a ripe-tomato-specific cDNA library are expressed during tomato fruit ripening and after the wounding of leaf and green fruit material. Both responses involve the synthesis of the hormone ethylene. Accumulation of the pTOM 13--homologous RNA during ripening is rapid and sustained, and reaches its maximum level in orange fruit. Following mechanical wounding of tomato leaves a pTOM 13--homologous RNA shows rapid induction within 30 minutes, which occurs before maximal ethylene evolution (2-3 h). This RNA also accumulates following the wounding of green tomato fruit. Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA indicates that the length of the mRNA is about 1400 nucleotides. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed the cDNA insert to contain the complete coding region of the pTOM 13 protein (33.5 kD) and an unusual 5' structure of ten dT-nucleotides. Hybridisation of the pTOM 13 cDNA insert to Southern blots of tomato DNA indicates the presence of only a small number of homologous sequences in the tomato genome.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Cool Kids Coalition.

The Cool Kids Coalition was initiated as a community response to more than 214 hospitalizations of children under the age of five for burns over a 6-year period in one township in Long Island, NY. The coalition was started by public health nurses in partnership with the local chapter of the National Safe Kids Campaign. Goals included: 1. parent education regarding scald burn prevention; 2. development of innovative interventions for those at risk; and 3, development of innovative community approaches to scald prevention. Coalition members had diverse backgrounds and the coalition integrated non-traditional partners in injury control. The coalition doubled in size due to overwhelming community interest, growing within a few months from an initial group of 15 to a well-represented group of 30. Innovative programs were implemented that reached more than 3,000 parents, both in the community and home. Teaching was conducted with parents in the target population in Head Start centers, homeless shelters, the home, libraries, child care centers, a shelter for teen parents, etc. Member agencies incorporated the booklet and materials into their individual programs. The development of the Cool Kids Coalition illustrates the power of nursing in community health.

Burns↗
PubMed1991

Identification of new DNA markers close to the myotonic dystrophy locus.

The most useful markers for the prenatal diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy (DM) are APOC2 and CKM, both of which map proximal to DM. In order to produce other markers useful for DM, we have screened genomic DNA libraries constructed from cell line 20XP3542-1-4, which contains 20 to 30 Mb of human material including APOC2 and CKM. Of 51 human clones identified, seven map to chromosome 17, four to chromosome 8, and nine to chromosome 19, and the remaining 31 were excluded form chromosome 19 but not localised further. Four of the clones from chromosome 19 map distal to CKM and two of these clones (D19S62 and D19S63) are closely linked to DM. Analysis of a family in which a crossover between CKM and DM has occurred shows that neither D19S62 nor D19S63 and DM have recombined, suggesting that D19S62 and D19S63 are either closer to or flanking DM in relation to CKM. Pulsed field gel analysis showed that CKM, D19S62, and D19S63 map to a region of at least 1500 kb.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed2005

[Early or late umbilical cord clamping? A systematic review of the literature].

INTRODUCTION: There is wide variability in clinical practice in the moment of clamping the umbilical cord. Opinions in the medical community differ on the harm and/or benefits, both for the mother and for the newborn, of early versus late cord clamping. Currently, the debate among those who defend and/or criticize one or other of these practices continues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of early versus late clamping of the umbilical cord in full-term newborns on maternal and neonatal outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search of randomized clinical trials was carried out in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and Lilacs. It was completed with a hand search of references in relevant articles. All randomized controlled clinical trials of good methodological quality that compared early versus late cord clamping in term newborns were selected. RESULTS: Of seven identified studies, four had the required characteristics for inclusion in this systematic review. Comparison of early versus late clamping in these studies revealed that late clamping could diminish the prevalence of children with low iron reserves at 3 months of age by 50%, but this result comes from a study that lost more than 40% of the patients during follow-up. The results concerning anemia at 3 months of age showed statistical heterogeneity since the two studies that analyzed this outcome had opposite results. For other outcomes such as birth weight, Apgar < 5, and tachypnea the studies were too small for significant differences to be detected. CONCLUSIONS: This review shows that there is no clear evidence for defending any of the modalities of cord clamping in full-term newborns. Further research is needed to identify the best moment for cord clamping.

Constriction↗
PubMed2005

[End-of-life care in the pediatric intensive care unit. A literature review].

INTRODUCTION: In the last few years, there has been growing concern in the literature about issues related to end-of-life care in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), with special attention on the family/patient unit, communication, and a dignified death. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the experience and development of end-of-life care in PICUs through a literature review, by determining the type of studies that have been performed, their topics, the issues discussed, and their development in the last few years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of the medical literature in Medline and the database of the National Library of Medicine Gateway, using the key words from MeSH: "end of life", "pediatric intensive care", "critical care", "palliative care", "death", and "compassionate care". The earliest year of the search was 1990. The languages selected were English and Spanish. Inclusion criteria were the relationship with the topic to be studied, excluding articles with no abstract. Additional searches were made of references in selected articles. RESULTS: Eighty-one articles were retrieved from the initial search. Of these, 43 were selected as the most relevant investigations in end-of-life care in ICUs and 18 placed special emphasis on the PICU. More than half of the articles (62 %) were reviews and the remaining articles were descriptive or observational studies. The number of publications increased after 1995. Most of the studies were performed in the USA or Canada and only three studies were performed in Spain. CONCLUSIONS: In the last few years, several studies have been performed that reveal increasing concern about limits to therapeutic intervention and the need to improve end-of-life care in the PICU setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of differentially expressed cDNA clones from gerbil cochlear outer hair cells.

In order to identify genes that are associated with outer hair cell(OHC)-specific function, a plasmid library enriched with OHC-specific gene products was constructed using single cell-type-specific complementary DNA (cDNA) and a PCR subtractive hybridization strategy. As a first step, we created separate OHC and inner hair cell (IHC) cDNA pools from individually collected cells using a nonspecific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Next, the OHC cDNA was subtracted against IHC cDNA using a PCR-based subtractive technique. IHCs and OHCs share many common features, making IHC cDNA an ideal 'driver' to 'subtract away' common hair cell gene products and enrich differentially expressed cDNAs, including OHC-specific genes. The subtracted OHC cDNAs were then cloned to generate an OHC - IHC subtracted cDNA plasmid library. Finally, a differential screening procedure was performed, resulting in 477 differentially positive clones. After analysis of these 477 clones, 50 known genes were identified, including two previously known OHC-specific proteins: oncomodulin and the recently described motor protein prestin. An additional 84 novel clones were also found. As this library of cDNA fragments represents differentially expressed genes in OHCs, it can be used as starting material for isolation and characterization of a complete set of OHC gene products, an important step in investigating normal and abnormal cochlear function.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

New genes involved in odontoblast differentiation.

The odontoblast phenotype has been mainly approached by the biochemical characterization of dentin matrix proteins and by extrapolation of the knowledge of bone cell biology, since dentin and bone share many similarities. In fact, direct investigations of the odontoblast phenotype have been hindered by the limited number of cells within the dental pulp and the difficulty in microdissection and isolation of a pure population of these cells. To overcome these obstacles, we previously developed a cell-culture system that promotes differentiation of human dental pulp cells into odontoblasts. This material now permits the study of odontoblasts through molecular biology techniques. Therefore, we constructed a cDNA library enriched for odontoblast-specific genes using the suppression subtractive hybridization technique (SSH). This library led us to identify new genes expressed by odontoblasts. In this paper, we will focus on some genes implied in various functions associated with odontoblast differentiation, such as cell polarization (MAP1B), dentin mineralization (PHEX, osteoadherin), and relationships between odontoblasts and nerve cells (reelin). Another important fact is that about 40% of the cDNA were unknown genes. Therefore, one can speculate that some of them will be odontoblast-specific, since, until now, only one gene (DSPP) presents this characteristic.

Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal↗