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At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Clostridium difficile infection in a Department of Internal Medicine. A consecutive series of 45 patients].

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 45 patients with Clostridium difficile infection over a 4-year period in a department of Internal Medicine. RESULTS: Mean age was 79 years; sex-ratio (F/M)=1.5; 38% of the patients had neurological or severe psychiatric disorders; 20% had a neoplastic disease. Ninety-three percent of cases had received one or more antibiotics before onset of diarrhea, prescribed mainly for a pulmonary infection. Amoxicillin clavulanic acid and cephalosporins were the most frequently used treatments, respectively in 48% and 40% of cases. For 25 patients (56%) Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea was considered as a nosocomial infection, and as community-acquired diarrhea in 20 cases (44%). Treatment included isolation of the patient as soon as bacteriological diagnosis was known and specific therapy was instituted by metronidazole or vancomycin for a mean of 18 days. The addition of Saccharomyces boulardii was used in of cases. The clinical course was rapidly favorable for 80% of patients. Five patients died with complications of severe colitis in 2 cases. Mean hospital stay was 49 days (annual mean of the department=10 days). CONCLUSION: Clostridium difficile diarrhea concerns above all elderly patients with one or more underlying pathologies. Amoxicillin clavulanic acid and third-generation cephalosporins are the most frequently prescribed antibiotics in these cases and have the highest correlation with this infectious complication. This medical problem requires greater knowledge as it causes significant morbidity and increases the risk of prolonged hospital stays.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of the volatile organic acids in 5 kinds of pericarpium Trichosanthis].

The volatile organic acids in the pericarps of Trichosanthes kirilowii, T. rosthornii, T. truncata, T. hupehensis and T. cucumeroides (Cucurbitaceae) were analyzed by methylation, GC and GC-MS-DS. The results showed that they were composed of fifteen long-chain fatty acids, such as palmitic, linolenic, linoleic, lauric, myristic acid, etc.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed1992

[The use of monolaurates for removing endotoxins from preparations of cell-free pertussis vaccine].

The possibility of using monolaurates for removing endotoxin from acellular pertussis vaccines developed at the Laboratory of Immunomodulators, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera (Moscow), has been studied. Monolaurates PEG-400 and PEG-600 obtained, respectively, from Fluka Chemie AG and Ferak GmbH (Germany) have been used. The use of monolaurate PEG-600 ensures the decrease of the toxicity of acellular pertussis vaccines by 2.34-6.3 times.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Vitamin D3 binding protein required for in vitro activation of macrophages after alkylglycerol treatment of mouse peritoneal cells.

In vitro treatment of peritoneal cells with dodecylglycerol (DDG) in 10% foetal calf serum (FCS) supplemented medium RPMI-1640 results in a greatly enhanced Fc receptor-mediated phagocytic activity of macrophages. This macrophage activation process requires a serum factor in the alpha 2-globulin fraction. When mouse peritoneal cells were treated with 50 ng DDG/ml in a serum-free 0.1% egg albumin-supplemented medium RPMI-1640 (EA medium) for 30 min and cultured in EA medium containing electrophoretically fractionated alpha 2-globulin for 3 hr, a markedly enhanced activation of macrophages was observed. To improve fractionation of alpha 2-globulin, FCS was first precipitated with 50% saturated ammonium sulphate and then the supernatant electrophoretically fractionated. The resultant alpha 2-globulin fraction was unable to support activation of macrophages. Vitamin D3 binding protein (DBP) of the alpha 2-globulin fraction is known to be precipitable by 50% saturated ammonium sulphate. When human alpha 2-globulin was treated with antiserum against human DBP and used in a medium for cultivation of DDG-treated peritoneal cells, no significant activation of macrophages was observed. Cultivation of DDG-treated peritoneal cells in a medium containing a low concentration of purified human DBP (group specific component, Gc) produced a greatly enhanced ingestion activity of macrophages. Purified human Gc protein, when used in an EA medium for step-wise cultivation of DDG-treated B and untreated T cells, was efficiently converted to a macrophage-activating factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Fatty acid biosynthesis in Erlich cells. The mechanism of short term control by exogenous free fatty acids.

We have examined the mechanism by which extracellular free fatty acids regulate fatty acid biosynthesis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. De novo biosynthesis in intact cells was inhibited by stearate greater than oleate greater than palmitate greater than linoleate. The amount of citrate and long chain acyl-CoA in the cells was not changed appreciably by the addition of free fatty acids to the incubation medium, indicating than free fatty acids do not regulate fatty acid biosynthesis by changing the total intracellular content of these metabolites. By measuring the incorporation of labeled free fatty acids into acyl-CoA, however, it was determined that the fatty acid composition of the acyl-CoA poolwas changed dramatically to reflect the composition of the exogenous free fatty acids. The relative inhibitory effects of different free fatty acids appear to depend on the ability of their acyl-CoA derivatives to regulate acyl-CoA carboxylase activity. The acyl-CoA concentration needed to produce 50% inhibition of purified Ehrlich cell carboxylase was found to be 0.68 mum for stearoyl-CoA, 1.6 mum for oleoyl-CoA, 2.2 mum for palmitoyl-CoA, 23 mum for myristoyl-CoA, 30 mum for lauroyl-CoA, and 37 mum for linoleoyl-CoA. In contrast to their effects on de novo synthesis, all of the free fatty acids added except stearate stimulated chain elongation in intact cells. Microsomal chain elongation, the major system for elongation in Ehrlich cells, also was regulated by the composition of the cellular acyl-CoA pool. Lauroyl-CoA, myristoyl-CoA, and palmitoyl-CoA were good substrates for elongation by isolated microsomes; oleoyl-CoA, and linoleoyl-CoA were intermediate; and stearoyl-CoA was a very poor substrate. We conclude that free fatty acids regulate fatty acid biosynthesis by changing the composition of the cellular acyl-CoA pool. These changes control the rate of malonyl-CoA production and, because of the acyl-CoA substrate specificity of the microsomal elongation system, modulate the amount of malonyl-CoA used for chain elongation.

Acetyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1988

Activation of mouse macrophages by alkylglycerols, inflammation products of cancerous tissues.

Alkylglycerols, inflammation products of lipids in cancerous tissues, are potent macrophage stimulating agents. Administration of small amounts (10-100 ng) of alkylglycerols to mice greatly enhanced macrophage activation for Fc-mediated ingestion activity at the 5th day posttreatment. Dose effect analysis revealed that dodecylglycerol (DDG), one of the alkylglycerols, stimulates macrophages most effectively at the dose of 100 ng/mouse. Administration of lower concentrations of a longer carbon chained alkylglycerol, sn-3-octadecylglycerol (batyl alcohol), to mice produced a similar activation of macrophages. In vitro incubation of mouse peritoneal cells with 50 ng DDG/ml efficiently stimulated macrophages for Fc-mediated ingestion activity. However, in vitro treatment of macrophages alone with DDG was unable to stimulate ingestion activity. When a mixture of macrophages and nonadherent (B and T) cells was treated with DDG, a greatly enhanced Fc-mediated ingestion was observed at about 3 h posttreatment, suggesting that nonadherent cells contributed to the activation of macrophages. Since coincubation of these cells with DDG is required for macrophage activation, stepwise stimulation processes by exchanging signaling factor(s) among these cell types were considered for the developmental mechanism of ingestion capacity of macrophages. When a conditioned medium of DDG-treated B- or T-cells was admixed with macrophages and incubated for 3 h, no significantly enhanced ingestion activity of macrophages was observed. Thus, exchange of signaling factor(s) among B- and T-cells was analyzed by transferring conditioned media of DDG-treated B- or T-cells to untreated T- or B-cells. When the resultant (treated B-cells----untreated T-cells conditioned medium was admixed with untreated macrophages and incubated for 3 h, a markedly enhanced Fc-mediated ingestion was observed. However, no significant increase in ingestion activity was found in macrophages incubated with the treated T-cell----untreated B-cell conditioned medium. Therefore, we concluded that DDG-treated B-cells initiated macrophage activation processes by releasing and transmitting a signaling factor(s) to T-cells, and in turn the T-cells modified the factor or produced a new factor(s) capable of the ultimate stimulation of macrophages for ingestion capability.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Studies on the antibacterial activity of dodecylglycerol. Its limited metabolism and inhibition of glycerolipid and lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis in Streptococcus mutans BHT.

Growth-inhibitory concentrations of racemic sn-1(3)-dodecylglycerol inhibit the incorporation of [14C] glycerol into lipids and lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus mutans BHT and alter the per cent composition of the glycerolipids. Increases in phosphatidic acid and diphosphatidylglycerol (at the expense of phosphatidylglycerol) contribute the most to the change in lipid composition. No cellular lysis occurs under these conditions. Radioactive racemic sn-1(3)-dodecylglycerol is readily taken up by the cell and is metabolized primarily to lysophosphatidic acid and phosphatidic acid with smaller amounts converted to phosphatidylglycerol and diacylglycerol. The accumulation of phosphatidic acid and the loss of viability respond in parallel to different concentrations of dodecylglycerol. An increase in CTP is also observed which together with the increase in phosphatidic acid suggests a possible impairment in the synthesis of CDP-diacylglycerol.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of a new germicidal hand creme.

A new germicidal hand creme (Wash & Heal, Med-Chem Labs, Okemos, MI) was evaluated for its ability to reduce bacterial levels on the hands. Colony counts of coagulase-negative staphylococci were significantly reduced immediately after use, with notable antimicrobial activity present for the next 90-120 minutes. The germicidal creme was more active against staphylococci than gram negative bacilli. The creme's germicidal activity occurred rapidly and was targeted against gram positive cocci found on the skin; whereas the bar soap's activity occurred more slowly and had a broader target. This creme could be used between hand washings to further reduce microbial flora of the hands.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1985

Metabolism of orally administered rac-1-O-[1'-14C]dodecylglycerol and nutritional effects of dietary rac-1-O-dodecylglycerol in mice.

The metabolism of orally administered rac-1-O-[1'-14C]dodecylglycerol was investigated in mice. The substrate was rapidly absorbed in the intestine and then incorporated into ether glycerolipids of various organs and tissues in high proportions. In intestine and liver, however, large amounts of rac-1-O-[1'-14C]dodecylglycerol were catabolized by oxidative cleavage of the ether bond followed by degradation of the radioactive cleavage product, i.e., lauric acid, to water-soluble metabolites that were excreted in the urine at a fast rate. The feeding of a rac-1-O-dodecylglycerol-containing diet (1 g rac-1-O-dodecylglycerol/kg body weight X day) given over a period of 4 weeks did not significantly alter body weights or organ weights of mice. Analysis of total lipids revealed that high proportions of the substrate were incorporated into ether lipids of all organs and tissues during the feeding period, generally accompanied by a remarkable increase in saturated acyl moieties and a concomitant decrease of linoleoyl moieties of total lipids. Yet, 4 weeks after removal of the rac-1-O-dodecylglycerol-containing diet, the lipids of murine organs and tissues showed a close resemblance to those of the control group.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[The clinical value of an oral test of pancreatic function with fluorescein dilaurate (author's transl)].

Exocrine insufficiency of the pancreas was identified by decreased splitting of the ester substrate and thus diminished excretion of fluorescein in the urine of persons with normal pancreatic function (test excretion). Unesterified fluorescein served to ascertain the standard excretion of fluorescein (= 100%). The relation of test excretion to standard excretion was expressed in %. Values of less than 20% in collected urine are pathologic. The range of 20-30% is questionable. Normal persons showed 30% or more. The method described is simple and without problems for the patient. The test was accurate in 93% of patients with a false negative in 1%. Practicability and results recommend the test as a screening method.

Administration, Oral↗