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PubMed2004

Complications of non-endoscopic percutaneous laser disc decompression and nucleotomy with the neodymium: YAG laser 1064 nm.

In this review, we discuss how nonendoscopic percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) and nucleotomy, using the YAG laser 1064, now has reinforced itself as a minimally invasive procedure in discogenic, vertebral pain syndromes, created by bulging, protrusions, and contained and uncontained extrusions in all areas of the spine. The rate of complication is an important criterion of the application of this new method. 3377 patients were treated with this method in the period of November 11, 1989 to April 30, 2002. While 356 patients' cervical spine was operated on, a further 38 patients had their thoracic spine operated on. Six weeks later, a prospective, consecutive control followed with an uninterrupted recording. Subsequently, all complications that occurred in this time frame were recorded. A comparison was carried out between the complication rate as covered by the literature of other intradiscal percutaneous methods and open disc surgery. Using the Nd-YAG laser 1064 nm, PLDD is generally evaluated with a complication rate of 0.5%. In the cervical spine area, the complication rate was 1.0%. No significant complications followed the thoracic intervention. In comparison to figures suggested by the relevant literature regarding possible complications with other procedures, this particular procedure is relative risk-free. In conjunction with the satisfying results regarding pain and paralysis removal, the extraordinarily low complication density of Nd-YAG PLDD culminates in the recommendation that the procedure should be applied to patients who are between unsuccessful conservative therapy and other operative methods.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of transmyocardial laser revascularization by using a prototype pulsed CO2 laser on contractility and perfusion of chronically ischemic myocardium in a porcine model.

The purpose of this study was to test a new prototype pulsed CO2 laser to be used for transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR). We wanted to determine whether it can reduce thermal damage and mitigate induced ischemia with improvement in contractile reserve of the heart as evidenced by contrast echocardiography at rest and under dobutamine stress. TMR is an emerging surgical strategy for treatment of myocardial ischemia not amenable to conventional percutaneous or surgical revascularization. Eleven pigs underwent ameroid occluder placement at the origin of the circumflex coronary artery. Six weeks later, occlusion of the circumflex coronary artery was documented. TMR was then carried out on 10 pigs by using a prototype pulsed CO2 laser that delivered 8-12 joules in 1.5 ms with a spot size of 1 mm. Six weeks after TMR, the pigs were restudied. The animals developed significant ischemia after 6 weeks of ameroid occlusion, at rest (p = 0.01) and at peak stress (p = 0.004). Wall motion for the ischemic segments improved significantly 6 weeks after TMR at peak stress (p = 0.02). TMR results in an improvement in wall motion in our model of chronic ischemia and improves wall motion score index more during induced stress than at rest.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Q-switched erbium:YAG laser corneal trephination: thermal damage in corneal stroma and cut regularity of nonmechanical Q-switched erbium:YAG laser corneal trephination for penetrating keratoplasty.

PURPOSE: To assess stromal thermal damage and cut regularity induced by nonmechanical Q-switched Er:YAG laser corneal trephination for penetrating keratoplasty. METHODS: Corneal trephination was performed in 80 enucleated porcine eyes by Q-switched (2.94-microm) Er:YAG laser, along with donor and recipient masks made of metal or ceramic. All combinations of 0.65- or 0.96-mm spot diameter and 45- or 50-mJ/pulse energy setting were used with each of the masks at a 5-Hz repetition rate. Corneas were processed for histologic examinations. Stromal thermal damage was quantified on PAS-stained slides, and cut regularity was assessed semiquantitatively on a scale from 0 (regular) to 3 (highly irregular). Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were performed on selected specimens. RESULTS: The least thermal damage (mean +/- SD = 6.2 +/- 0.7 microm) was found in the donor ceramic group with 50-mJ/pulse energy and 0.65-mm spot diameter, while the best regularity of the cut (1.2 +/- 0.4) was found in the donor ceramic group with 45-mJ pulse energy and 0.65-mm spot diameter. Thermal damage was less pronounced in donor than in recipient corneas (P < 0.01). Smaller spot diameter (0.65 mm) led to less thermal damage (P < 0.01) than the use of a 0.96-mm spot diameter. The differences in thermal damage between ceramic and metal masks were minimal. CONCLUSIONS: After Q-switched Er:YAG laser corneal trephination for nonmechanical penetrating keratoplasty, reproducible high cut regularity and low concomitant thermal damage were observed. This is an encouraging finding in the search for a nonmechanical trephine for penetrating keratoplasty combining high precision and low cost.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The construction of a model eye for investigation of laser-tissue interactions in scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.

PURPOSE: To develop a model eye to study laser-tissue interactions during retinal imaging with scanning ophthalmoscopy. METHODS: A model eye was designed to match the optical properties of the human eye based on the Bennett and Rabbetts schematic eye. RESULTS: Alterations in axial length resulted in changes in refractive error similar to those in the human eye (3.70 D for 1 mm in axial length). Perfusion-fixed retinal tissue could be successfully imaged using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph and Optical Coherence Tomograph to provide images that are similar in quality to those obtained. CONCLUSIONS: The model eye should be a valuable tool for investigating laser-tissue interactions during scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and the derivation of digital retinal and tomographic images. This model should also enable a determination of the accuracy with which digital imaging techniques, such as the optical coherence tomograph and Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, measure retinal structure.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Laser-induced fluorescence detection on multichannel electrophoretic microchips using microprocessor-embedded acousto-optic laser beam scanning.

An improved method for fast scanning and fluorescence detection on multimicrochannel microchips is presented using acousto-optic-deflection-driven laser-beam scanning. A microprocessor embedded subsystem used in conjunction with LabView program as the human-machine interface for control of laser-beam scanning and data preprocessing allowed faster scanning and addressing speeds to be attained and improved attenuation calibration and the data sampling speed. This system allows for flexible, high-resolution fluorescence detection for multimicrochannel electrophoresis in a manner that can be applied to a number of high-throughput analysis applications. Incorporating an F-theta focusing lens into the optical set-up allowed for a laser spot as small as 10 microm to accurately be addressed to the center of microchannels. With this spot size, it will be possible to further increase the channel density in the scanning range without encountering crosstalk. Using a six-channel microchip (four separation channels, two alignment channels), the simultaneous separation and fluorescence detection of amino acids and DNA digest samples in four channels is illustrated. User-friendly interpretation of the separation data is facilitated not only by a peak alignment/normalization routine developed within the software, but also through improved signal-to-noise ratios obtained through exploitation of signal processing.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1994

Copper vapour laser (578 nm) and flashlamp-pumped pulsed tunable dye laser (585 nm) treatment of port wine stains: results of a comparative study using test sites.

The copper vapour laser (CVL), emitting at 578 nm, has recently become available for treating vascular skin lesions. Its place in the management of port wine stains (PWS) requires clarification. We have compared a CVL with a pulsed tunable dye laser (PTDL; 585 nm) in 43 patients with macular, blanchable PWS. Test areas were performed with the CVL, using a Hexascan and an energy fluence just sufficient to produce immediate tissue change (mean fluence 18.2 J/cm2 and mean pulse width 50 ms). Test areas were performed with the PTDL using a 5-mm spot at 6.5 J/cm2. Assessments were made after 4 months, subjectively using a clinical fading score and objectively using an index of light absorbence derived from reflectance spectrophotometry. The fading produced by the PTDL was significantly better than the CVL, as determined by clinical assessment (mean fading scores 2.41 and 1.67, respectively, P < 0.0005) and reflectance spectrophotometry (mean absorbence index 149 and 157 respectively, P < 0.0005). These results indicate that the PTDL is the preferred treatment for most macular, blanchable PWS. However, in a proportion of lesions responses were equivalent with both lasers, and in a small proportion, the CVL produced a better response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Relation of hormone and menopausal status to outcomes following excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy in women. Melbourne Excimer Laser Group.

PURPOSE: To examine the effect of hormone use, pregnancy and menopausal status on clinical outcomes following excimer laser surgery for myopia and myopic astigmatism. METHODS: Participants comprised all female patients of the Melbourne Excimer Laser Group (MELG). A standardised surgical protocol was followed by the 27 MELG members, using the VisX 20/20 excimer laser and included the prospective collection of the following information preoperatively and one, three, six and 12 months after the procedure: uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity with a LogMAR chart; best manifest refraction; and subjective assessment of corneal clarity. A survey that elicited information about oral contraceptive (OC) use, pregnancy history, surgical and natural menopause, and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was mailed to all the women. RESULTS: A 77% response to the mailed survey was achieved. Two women were pregnant at the time of surgery, one became pregnant during the first month after surgery, and all three women were excluded from further analyses, although a review of two of the case histories revealed suboptimal clinical outcomes. Women taking OC were included in the control group after OC use was shown not to be associated with outcome. Women were grouped accordingly: control, n = 225, pre-menopausal on HRT, n = 7, post-menopausal not on HRT, n = 34; and post-menopausal on HRT, n = 21. The groups differed significantly with regard to age and preoperative spherical equivalent. After controlling for age and preoperative spherical equivalent, the mean number of uncorrected LogMAR letters read one year after surgery was significantly lower for the post-menopausal women on the HRT in comparison with the control group. Best corrected acuity and corneal clarity were not significantly different among the groups. DISCUSSION: These preliminary results suggest that the interaction of menopausal and HRT status could decrease the effectiveness of PRK and PARK, but require confirmation with a further study in a prospective manner using objective measures of corneal epithelial healing and serum hormone levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of the argon tunable dye laser with the flashlamp pulsed dye laser in treatment of facial telangiectasia.

BACKGROUND: A prospective, side-by-side comparison study of the argon tunable dye laser (ATDL) and the flashlamp pulsed dye laser (FPDL) for the treatment of solar-induced telangiectasia was carried out in 14 patients with symmetrical bilateral cheek telangiectasias. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to compare the efficacy of treatment by the two lasers. METHODS: Patients were treated and examined at weeks 2, 4, and 6. Evaluation was done by direct observation and questionnaire, as well as by photographic slides projected to an impartial panel. RESULTS: Final evaluation at week 6 showed 11 of 14 patients with excellent results at sites treated with the FPDL, compared with four of 14 with the ATDL. However, only six of 13 patients preferred the FPDL, due to the purpura and postinflammatory hyerpigmentation. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the objective final results favor the FPDL over the ATDL for treatment of facial telangiectasia, but that the ATDL is still an important option for patient acceptance.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Endoscopic laser therapy in malignant tracheobronchial obstruction using sequential Nd YAG laser and photodynamic therapy.

BACKGROUND: Because the survival after treatment of advanced inoperable endo-tracheobronchial carcinoma is so poor, a pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the combined cumulative effect on survival of neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd YAG) laser followed by photodynamic treatment used endoscopically. METHODS: Seventeen patients who presented between January 1992 and March 1996 with inoperable tracheobronchial lesions causing more than 50% endoluminal obstruction were selected to enter the pilot study. Initially they had bronchoscopic Nd YAG laser treatment to debulk the tumour, and this was followed six weeks later by photodynamic therapy to treat the residual tumour. RESULTS: All patients had symptomatic relief and at least a partial response, and seven had a complete response for 3-6 months. Eight of the 17 (47%) survived for at least two years and 11 (65%) survived for a year or more. The median survival of the 10 patients who had died by the time of writing was 18.5 months (range 5-39), 95% confidence interval (CI) 9.9 to 29.5. CONCLUSIONS: Combined Nd YAG laser and endoscopic photodynamic therapy may be an effective palliative treatment for patients with inoperable endotracheobronchial cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Laser conization and laser ablation of the transformation zone].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate postoperative courses and histological results after laser therapy of the transformation zone. METHOD: From 1993 to 1997, 136 laser interventions were performed (110 conizations and 26 vaporizations); 103 (76%) of these interventions were performed as outpatient procedures and 122 (89%) under local anesthesia. RESULTS: 94 (85%) of the 110 conizations showed tumor-free margins, whereas 12 (11%) had dysplastic changes in one or both margins. Follow-up of these 12 patients revealed 5 normal cytologic controls, 4 cases of hysterectomy without residual disease, 1 case of CIN III in the hysterectomy specimen, 1 case of CIN I in a radical hysterectomy (cervical cancer stage Ib in the histology of the conus), and 1 patient was lost to follow-up. In 4 cases (4%), there was only a suspicion of marginal involvement. These patients had either a normal cytologic control (n = 3) or no residual disease in the hysterectomy specimens (n = 1). There were eight bleedings that had to be treated with bicoagulation. CONCLUSIONS: Laser therapy offers the possibility of a very precise circumcision at the ectocervical site under colposcopic control. It can mostly be performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia, and the frequency of postoperative complications compares to the other available methods. If the margins show dysplastic changes, follow-up rarely reveals recurrent disease. Expectative management with close cytologic follow-up is, therefore, justified in such cases, if fertility should be maintained.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Sustained angina relief 5 years after transmyocardial laser revascularization with a CO(2) laser.

BACKGROUND: Although transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) has provided symptomatic relief of angina over the short term, the long-term efficacy of the procedure is unknown. Angina symptoms as assessed independently by angina class and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) were prospectively collected up to 7 years after TMR. METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with severe angina not amenable to conventional revascularization were treated with a CO(2) laser. Their mean age was 61+/-10 years at the time of treatment. Preoperatively, 66% had unstable angina, 73% had had >/=1 myocardial infarction, 93% had undergone >/=1 CABG, 42% had >/=1 PTCA, 76% were in angina class IV, and 24% were in angina class III. Their average pre-TMR angina class was 3.7+/-0.4. RESULTS: After an average of 5 years (and up to 7 years) of follow-up, the average angina class was significantly improved to 1.6+/-1 (P=0.0001). This was unchanged from the 1.5+/-1 average angina class at 1 year postoperatively (P=NS). There was a marked redistribution according to angina class, with 81% of the patients in class II or better, and 17% of the patients had no angina 5 years after TMR. A decrease of >/=2 angina classes was considered significant, and by this criterion, 68% of the patients had successful long-term angina relief. The angina class results were further confirmed with the SAQ; 5-year SAQ scores revealed an average improvement of 170% over the baseline results. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term efficacy of TMR persists for >/=5 years. TMR with CO(2) laser as sole therapy for severe disabling angina provides significant long-term angina relief.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neodymium:YAG laser fiber steering device for carbon dioxide laser rigid bronchoscope set.

A steering device for the Nd:YAG laser fiber to be used in conjunction with the rigid carbon dioxide laser bronchoscope set has been designed. This device inserts into the proximal end of the rigid bronchoscope and has the ability to accept a rigid optical telescope and the Nd:YAG laser fiber, and to evacuate smoke from the operative field.

Bronchoscopes↗
PubMed2005

Effect of laser-induced crater depth in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy emission features.

The influence of crater depth on plasma properties and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) emission has been evaluated. Laser-induced plasmas were generated at the surface and at the bottom of different craters in a copper sample. Plasmas produced at the sample surface and at the bottom of the craters were spatially and temporally resolved. LIBS emission, temperature, and electronic number density of the plasmas were evaluated. It is shown that the confinement effect produced by the craters enhances the LIBS signal from the laser-induced plasmas.

Copper↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laser in situ keratomileusis for low myopia and astigmatism with a scanning spot excimer laser.

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy, predictability, safety, and short term stability of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in treating patients with low myopia and astigmatism using the Chiron Technolas Keracor 117 PlanoScan excimer laser. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the results of our initial 83 eyes with myopia ranging from -1.13 to -7.25 diopters (D) and astigmatism of no more than 4.00 D that underwent LASIK with the Chiron Technolas Keracor 117 PlanoScan. Follow-up was at 1 day, 1 month, and 3 to 6 months. RESULTS: Mean baseline spherical equivalent refraction was -3.54 +/- 1.41 D and cylinder -1.64 +/- 1.14 D. Mean postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -0.52 +/- 0.50 D at 1 month and -0.65 +/- 0.62 D at 3 to 6 months; mean postoperative refractive cylinder was -0.45 +/- 0.54 D at 1 month and -0.50 +/- 0.63 D at 3 to 6 months. Fifty-three percent (44 eyes) achieved a spherical equivalent refraction within +/- 0.50 D and 81% (67 eyes) within +/- 1.00 D of emmetropia at the last examination. Fifty-seven percent (47 eyes) achieved a refractive cylinder of < or = 0.50 D, and 27% (22 eyes) had an undercorrection of their refractive cylinder at the last examination. An uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 86% (71 eyes) of patients on postoperative day one, in 81% (67 eyes) at 1 month, and in 76% (63 eyes) at 3 to 6 months. Twenty-eight percent (23 eyes) saw 20/20 or better uncorrected at the last visit (41% [34 eyes] had a baseline spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/20). There was no statistically significant difference in the refractions or uncorrected visual acuities between the different postoperative examinations. No eye experienced a loss of spectacle-corrected visual acuity of more than one line at the last examination. CONCLUSION: LASIK with the Chiron PlanoScan excimer laser appears to be an effective, safe, and reasonably predictable means to reduce low myopia and astigmatism. Adjustment of computer algorithms is needed to decrease the number of under-corrections.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia and hyperopia using the Lasersight 200 laser in 300 consecutive eyes.

PURPOSE: To evaluate effectiveness, safety, predictability, and short-term stability of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using the LaserSight Compac-200 Mini excimer laser with software version 9.0, for all refractive errors. METHODS: One hundred fifty consecutive patients (300 eyes) that received bilateral LASIK for myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism were studied prospectively. A new 9.0 software version applying a modified nomogram that takes advantage of bilateral surgery was used. Follow-up at 6 months was available for 267 eyes (89%). RESULTS: Six months postoperatively, 131 eyes (96.32%) in the low to moderate myopia group (-1.00 to -5.99 D; n=136) had a spherical equivalent refraction within +/-1.00 D, and 123 eyes (90.44%) were within +/-0.50 D of emmetropia. In the high to extreme myopia group (-6.00 to -25.00 D; n=114), 97 eyes (87.08%) had a spherical equivalent refraction within +/-1.00 D and 78 eyes (68.42%) were within +/-0.50 D of emmetropia. In the hyperopia group (+1.00 to +6.00 D; n=50), 44 eyes (88%) had a postoperative spherical equivalent refraction within +/-1.00 D, and 31 eyes (62%) were within +/-0.50 D of emmetropia. Mean change in spherical equivalent refraction at 6 months was less than -0.50 D in the low to high myopia groups and -1.16 +/- 0.55 D in the extreme myopia group. At 6 months follow-up, uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 73 eyes (54%) in the low to moderate myopia groups and 21 eyes (18%) in the high to extreme myopia groups. In the hyperopia group at 6 months follow-up, uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 31 eyes (62%) and 20/40 or better in 41 eyes (82%). Only two eyes had a temporary loss of two or more lines of spectacle-corrected visual acuity due to corneal folds that were surgically treated. Six months after LASIK, no eye had lost any lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity in this series. CONCLUSIONS: Our modified LASIK nomogram with the 9.0 software of the LaserSight 200 excimer laser (with a larger and smoother ablation pattern) resulted in safe and effective outcomes for the treatment of low to high myopia, astigmatism, and hyperopia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laser in situ keratomileusis for the correction of hyperopia from +0.50 to +11.50 diopters with the Keracor 117C laser.

PURPOSE: To evaluate excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the correction of hyperopia. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of 46 patients treated with LASIK for hyperopia. All patients had a complete ophthalmologic evaluation. The corneal bed was ablated using the Bausch & Lomb Chiron Keracor 117C excimer laser to create a paracentral annular ablation under a nasally hinged 160-microm corneal flap with the Chiron Automatic Corneal Shaper microkeratome. Follow-up was a minimum of 6 months. RESULTS: Eighty eyes of 46 patients (23 males and 23 females) were included. Age ranged from 18 to 65 years (mean, 42 yr). The range of preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was +0.50 to +11.50 D (mean, +3.40 D). Mean postoperative spherical equivalent refraction at 6 months was +0.26 D. Six months after surgery, 35 eyes (44%) achieved uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better and 78 eyes (97.5%) achieved 20/40 or better. Forty-six eyes (58%) had a postoperative spherical equivalent refraction within +/-0.50 D of attempted correction, and 67 eyes (84%) were within +/-1.00 D of attempted correction. When using the Bausch & Lomb Chiron Keracor 117C excimer laser to correct hyperopia, eyes with a spherical equivalent refraction less +2.00 D should be overcorrected by 25%, +2.00 to +4.00 D by 30%, and over +4.00 by 40%. The positive cylinder should be overcorrected by 10%. CONCLUSIONS: LASIK was safe and effective in the treatment of hyperopia from +0.50 to +11.50 D. Regression following LASIK for hyperopia remains a problem. A special nomogram was required to achieve results comparable with those for myopia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of laser in situ keratomileusis with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser for pediatric correction of spherical anisometropia.

PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for correction of spherical anisometropia in patients under 18 years of age. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients (58 eyes) with myopic spherical anisometropia and spherical antimetropia were treated. Group 1 included 31 eyes of 20 children (9 to 15 yr) and Group 2 included 27 eyes of 18 children under 18 years old (16 to 17 yr). The difference in refraction between the two eyes in Group 1 was an average 5.95 D and in Group 2, 6.92 D. The operations were performed with the Nidek EC-5000 eximer laser and the Hansatome Chiron Vision HT-230 microkeratome. The procedure was performed under local anesthesia. Patients were followed for 18 months. Occlusion therapy was started 2 weeks postoperatively and continued for 3 to 4 months. Ten patients suffered from strabismus; they received orthoptic therapy. RESULTS: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) improved after LASIK. The difference in refraction between the two eyes was reduced as was the angle of strabismus. Binocular vision improved in one patient and simultaneous vision improved in three patients (vision in these patients was monocular before treatment). CONCLUSIONS: LASIK with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser and the Hansatome Chiron Vision HT-230 microkeratome, together with occlusion and orthoptic therapy for pediatric correction of spherical anisometropia, may be an effective procedure that facilitates increased visual acuity and improved binocular vision. LASIK appears to be a safe surgical procedure for children over 9 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laser in situ keratomileusis for hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism with the Nidek EC-5000 Excimer laser.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy, predictability, stability, and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed for 92 eyes of 62 consecutive patients to evaluate uncorrected (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) and manifest refraction before and 3 and 6 months after LASIK (Moria LSK-ONE microkeratome, Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser). Eyes were divided into groups: Group 1 (low hyperopia) for spherical correction of +1.00 to +3.00 D (22 eyes), Group 2 (low hyperopic astigmatism) for toric correction with spherical equivalent refraction of +1.00 to +3.00 D (18 eyes), Group 3 (moderate hyperopia) for spherical correction of +3.25 to +6.00 D (10 eyes), and Group 4 (moderate hyperopic astigmatism) for toric correction with spherical equivalent refraction between +3.25 and +6.00 D (18 eyes). RESULTS: At 3 and 6 months after LASIK, 68 eyes (73.9%) were available for follow-up examination. Percentage of eyes with a spherical equivalent refraction within +/-0.50 D of emmetropia for Group 1 was 54.5% (12 eyes); Group 2, 50% (9 eyes); Group 3, 40% (4 eyes), and Group 4, 38.8% (7 eyes). UCVA > or =20/20 in Group 1 was 14% and in Groups 2, 3, and 4, 0%. One eye (5.5%) lost two lines of BSCVA. CONCLUSION: LASIK with the Moria LSK-ONE microkeratome and the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser reduced low and moderate hyperopia and was within +/-0.50 D of target outcome in approximately 50% of eyes. Undercorrection was evident in all groups. The procedure was safe.

Adult↗